机动车排放因子模型研究综述

为了充分掌握机动车污染物排放规律和特征,为决策者提供科学有效的控制机动车排放的建议,研究者们致力于研究机动车污染物排放的物化原理和影响机动车污染的主要因素,并据此建立机动车排放因子模型。介绍了机动车排放的主要影响因素、机动车排放测试方法和国外几种不同机动车排放因子模型,评价了各种机动车排放因子模型的优缺点和适用范围,并且对我国的机动车排放因子模型发展进行了展望。     

燃料电池城市客车动力驱动系统的合理匹配研究

为实现国家"十一五"863重大科研项目——燃料电池城市客车专项的燃料电池城市客车动力性能指标,建立了燃料电池城市客车的整车动力系统结构形式,进而完成新样车的概念设计。对实际目标样车动力驱动系统不同部件(包括电机、变速器、燃料电池、蓄电池)性能参数的合理匹配理论和过程进行了详尽的研究。建立了基于电压控制策略的动力驱动系统仿真模型。仿真结果达到目标样车的动力性能指标,同时建立的仿真模型对进一步深入研究整车控制策略的优化具有重要指导意义。匹配理论和仿真模型对其他类型的电动汽车研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Direct yaw moment control and power consumption of in-wheel motor vehicle in steady-state turning

Driving force distribution control is one of the characteristic performance aspects of in-wheel motor vehicles and various methods have been developed to control direct yaw moment while turning. However, while these controls significantly enhance vehicle dynamic performance, the additional power required to control vehicle motion still remains to be clarified. This paper constructed new formulae of the mechanism by which direct yaw moment alters the cornering resistance and mechanical power of all wheels based on a simple bicycle model, including the electric loss of the motors and the inverters. These formulation results were validated by an actual test vehicle equipped with in-wheel motors in steady-state turning. The validated theory was also applied to a comparison of several different driving force distribution mechanisms from the standpoint of innate mechanical power.     

基于直接转矩驱动的电动车动态特性分析

根据异步电机直接转矩控制原理,在Matlab/Simulink软件环境下建立了电动汽车用异步电机的仿真模型和定子磁场定向下的DTC控制系统模型.以实际电动汽车用电机为例,对电动汽车的几个典型工况进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明,该电机及控制模型具有良好的稳态、动态性能,是一个很好的电动车驱动选择方案.     

Optimal launching-intention-aware control strategy for automated clutch engagement

Clutch engagement control is critical during launching process in a vehicle equipped with an automated manual transmission (AMT), which is a problem including muti-objective optimization and nonlinear control. In this paper, a optimal launching-intention-aware control strategy is proposed for clutch engagement. Firstly, a launching-intention-aware machine (LIAM) based on artificial neural network (ANN) is designed to identify the driver’s launching intentions. Then the optimal laws of clutch engagement for different launching conditions are obtained based on the dynamic programming (DP), which regard friction loss, vehicle shock, angular acceleration of engine and engine torque as the optimizing indexes. Next, a slidingmode controller (SMC) is designed for the clutch engagement. Finally, the performances of the optimal laws and the SMC are validated by the joint simulation of Simulink-AMESim, and the results show that the requirements of vehicle launching are met. The proposed clutch engagement control strategy would provide a better theoretical support for the practical-extended application of AMT.     

纯电动汽车动力匹配与仿真

根据某款纯电动汽车的动力设计要求,构建其动力系统结构模型和控制策略。在理论分析基础上,对其电机、传动系传动比以及电池进行了参数匹配计算,并利用ADVISOR仿真软件对其进行了仿真分析,结果表明这种动力系统设计方法有效可行。     

Transient analysis of geared neutral type half-toroidal CVT

An analytical model was developed to evaluate transient behavior of geared neutral (GN) type half-toroidal CVT. It combines a dynamic half-toroidal variator model with drivetrain, hydraulic system, engine and vehicle sub-models. Simulation results show good agreement with experimental data. The model was applied to analyze the GN state, launching characteristic and L/H mode change behavior.     

基于模型匹配控制的PHEV动态协调控制方法

在分析发动机与电动机的动态响应特性基础上,设计基于模型匹配控制的整车动力系统动态协调控制方法,并在所建立的并联式混合动力汽车(PHEV)的前向仿真模型上对该方法进行研究,证明该方法能有效控制2个动力源的动力耦合过程,具有较高的转矩控制精度和很好的动态响应特性,并利用所建立的硬件在环仿真试验台对该方法进行试验验证。     

基于控制瞬态冲击电机振动的悬置系统优化方法

文章建立了包含电机和悬置在内的整车动力学模型,仿真得到了整车在加速和过减速带两个典型工况下电机的动力学响应。建立综合评价指标,在考虑电机悬置系统模态、解耦等设计边界的基础上,建立了考虑悬置刚度和间隙的控制电机振动优化模型,对悬置的关键设计参数进行优化,为开发前期悬置系统的正向设计提供有效的依据。     

汽车动态仿真器运动系统控制算法研究

汽车动态仿真器的研制必须建立在驾驶员视觉，触觉，听觉及体感的高逼真度模拟的基础上，研究了体感模拟技术的算法及建模，并进行了计算机仿真，仿真结果表明，所研究的运动控制算法，可为驾驶员提供逼真的运动感觉，可用于汽车动态仿真器的开发研究中心。     

单轴并联式混合动力汽车性能仿真

简述了各种形式混合动力汽车的特点,分析了单轴并联式混合动力汽车的结构及优缺点;建立了柴油机模型、离合器和电动机模型以及整车模型;以优化整车动力性和经济性为目标,制定针对单轴并联式混合动力汽车的能量分配策略,确定最佳混合比。仿真结果表明,该单轴并联式混合动力汽车较原机性能有较大的提高。     

Modeling and ratio control of an electromechanical continuously variable transmission

A new type of electromechanical continuously variable transmission (EMCVT) was investigated. The EMCVT uses a direct current (DC) motor to push the driving pulley, which in turn changes the transmission ratio without a hydraulic system. This paper introduces the principle of the EMCVT and establishes a dynamic ratio control model. Ratio control strategies using both position and speed closed-loop control are proposed. Simulation results show that the simulation ratio curves of the EMCVT follow pre-designed ratios well for ramp and sine curves. Control software is based on MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow and MotoHawk platforms. A prototype vehicle equipped with an EMCVT has been developed. Vehicle test results show that the control performance of the EMCVT satisfies the requirements of vehicle operation. The effectiveness of the EMCVT ratio control strategy proposed in this paper is validated with test data for the prototype vehicle.     

ve-DYNA在电动助力转向助力特性仿真分析中的应用

介绍了ve—DYNA软件及在控制和实时仿真方面具有的优势。针对某一轿车,利用ve—DYNA软件建立了分析电动助力转向系统的整车动力学仿真模型,对不同车速下的转向盘转矩进行了仿真分析,获得了适宜的车速感应型助力特性曲线,为后续的电机控制和ECU的设计开发奠定了基础。     

纯电动客车用BLDCM双闭环控制系统建模与仿真

为了给电动汽车的研发提供参考,针对某型城市公交中巴客车改装的纯电动汽车,设计了无刷直流电机（BLDCM）的车速-电流双闭环控制系统,在MATLAB环境下搭建了该系统的动态仿真模型,并从空载（负载）运行、换挡运行、循环工况运行3个方面进行了仿真试验。研究结果表明：相比于传统的仅针对电机的驱动控制系统,该系统直接以车速为控制对象,可以将整车控制与电机控制有机结合起来;测速装置从电机转移到车轮上,利于降低BLDCM的设计复杂度和制造成本;该系统的电机调速控制效果与传统的电机驱动控制系统相当,并可有效控制汽车换挡带来的车速突变、迅速响应频繁变化的车速需求,能够满足多挡位纯电动客车的城市道路行驶要求。     

电传动矿用自卸车轮边电机驱动系统动态特性研究

矿区环境复杂,电传动矿用汽车的轮边电机传动系统对整车动力性、制动性及平顺性有极大影响,为了综合路面激励和电机自身激励综合分析驱动系统动态特性,采用数值仿真软件建立轮边电机传动系统模型,分析其在启动加速、平稳运行及制动时的动态特性,为了验证模型的准确性进行了实车实验。结果表明该轮边电机传动系统的输出转矩发生考虑波动转矩后会较大影响整车加速和制动性能,常见车速的加速和减速性能会减弱5%,稳定行驶阶段差别不大。刚柔耦合模型能更准确地描述驱动系统及整车动力特性,对整车的设计有指导意义。     

汽车车架动特性分析及应用

应用大型结构分析软件ＳＡＰ５Ｐ，对某车架者了有限元动态分析和实验模态分析，通过分析所提供的信息，对某客货车在使用中发生的故障进行了诊断，提出了相应的改进措施，从而使该车具有更好的动态性能。     

Automatic guidance control of an articulated all-wheel-steered vehicle

This paper presents automatic guidance control of a single-articulated all-wheel-steered vehicle being developed by the Korea Railroad Research Institute. The vehicle has an independent drive motor on each wheel except for the front axle. The guidance controller is designed so that the vehicle follows the given reference path within permissible lateral deviations. We use a three-input/three-output linearised model derived from the nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle. For the purpose of simplifying the controller and making it tunable, we consider a decentralised control configuration. We first design a second-order decoupling compensator for the two-input/two-output system that is strongly coupled and then design a first-order controller for each decoupled feedback loop by using the characteristic ratio assignment method. The simulation results for the nonlinear dynamic model indicate that the proposed control configuration successfully achieves the design objectives.     

An investigation on motor-driven power steering-based crosswind disturbance compensation for the reduction of driver steering effort

This paper describes a lateral disturbance compensation algorithm for an application to a motor-driven power steering (MDPS)-based driver assistant system. The lateral disturbance including wind force and lateral load transfer by bank angle reduces the driver's steering refinement and at the same time increases the possibility of an accident. A lateral disturbance compensation algorithm is designed to determine the motor overlay torque of an MDPS system for reducing the manoeuvreing effort of a human driver under lateral disturbance. Motor overlay torque for the compensation of driver's steering torque induced by the lateral disturbance consists of human torque feedback and feedforward torque. Vehicle–driver system dynamics have been investigated using a combined dynamic model which consists of a vehicle dynamic model, driver steering dynamic model and lateral disturbance model. The human torque feedback input has been designed via the investigation of the vehicle–driver system dynamics. Feedforward input torque is calculated to compensate additional tyre self-aligning torque from an estimated lateral disturbance. The proposed compensation algorithm has been implemented on a developed driver model which represents the driver's manoeuvreing characteristics under the lateral disturbance. The developed driver model has been validated with test data via a driving simulator in a crosswind condition. Human-in-the-loop simulations with a full-scale driving simulator on a virtual test track have been conducted to investigate the real-time performance of the proposed lateral disturbance compensation algorithm. It has been shown from simulation studies and human-in-the-loop simulation results that the driver's manoeuvreing effort and a lateral deviation of the vehicle under the lateral disturbance can be significantly reduced via the lateral disturbance compensation algorithm.     

智能汽车自动紧急转向避撞的跟踪控制方法对比研究

为了提高智能汽车的主动安全性,提出3种不同的自动紧急转向避撞跟踪控制方法。首先建立汽车避撞简化模型,对制动、转向及两者相结合的3种不同避撞方式进行对比分析。其次,为深入研究汽车避撞过程中的实际响应,建立包含转向、制动及悬架3个子系统耦合特性的底盘18自由度统一动力学模型,并进行相关试验验证。随后构建智能汽车自动紧急转向避撞控制框架,对五次多项式参考路径和七次多项式参考路径的横摆角速度和横摆角加速度进行对比分析。接着以线性2自由度转向动力学模型为参考对象,对最优控制四轮转向、最优控制前轮转向、前馈与反馈控制相结合的前轮转向3种不同的跟踪控制系统分别进行设计。最后,以汽车底盘18自由度统一动力学模型为研究对象,对上述3种避撞控制系统进行仿真试验对比分析。研究结果表明：与制动避撞相比而言,转向避撞所需的纵向距离有较大降低,随着车速的增加和路面附着系数的越低,效果越明显;七次多项式参考路径比五次多项式参考路径的避撞过渡过程更为平缓,当实际车速与控制器所用车速不一致时,前者避撞性能表现更优;最优四轮转向控制系统在高、低2种不同附着路面都具有较好的避撞效果,最优前轮转向控制系统次之,而前馈与反馈相结合的前轮转向控制系统在低附着路面上则表现出严重的失稳。