Analysis of Tire Effect on the Simulation of Vehicle Straight Line Motion

In the dynamic simulation of vehicle straight line motion, a vehicle model usually drifts from its intended straight path even in the case of no external input. This is particularly true when a tire model based on experimental data is used. The purpose of this paper is to provide an enhancement of a basic understanding of a tire/vehicle system behavior in the straight line motion and to identify the effect of the tire on that motion. Through the analysis of a two degrees of freedom vehicle model, tire characteristic which causes a lateral drift in the straight line motion is identified. Then the results are confirmed from vehicle test and the simulations with a more complex full-car model.     

轮胎锥度效应及角度效应对车辆直行性能影响研究

根据轮胎锥度效应及角度效应的产生机理,建立了相应的轮胎特性模型,通过对轮胎性能的测试及车辆动力学建模分析,阐明了轮胎锥度效应及角度效应对车辆直行性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,轮胎的锥度效应对车辆直行性能影响很大,需对其进行限值要求,而角度效应对车辆直行性能影响较小。     

Numerical Simulation of Vehicle Behavior during Straight Line Keeping on Undulating Road Surfaces

Numerical design of vehicles having optimal straight line stability on undulating road surfaces requires an accurate vehicle model based on knowledge of the relevant phenomena. Therefore, vehicle behavior on undulating straight roads has been analyzed and modeled. Measurements on a flat road surface have shown that the dedicated vehicle model yields accurate simulation results of the steering response to medium steering wheel angle inputs. In addition, the model has been validated by measuring two vehicle responses during normal driving on an undulating straight road: viz. the responses to the small steering wheel angle input and to the input by the global inclination of the road surface.     

Numerical Simulation of Vehicle Behavior during Straight Line Keeping on Undulating Road Surfaces

SUMMARY

Numerical design of vehicles having optimal straight line stability on undulating road surfaces requires an accurate vehicle model based on knowledge of the relevant phenomena. Therefore, vehicle behavior on undulating straight roads has been analyzed and modeled. Measurements on a flat road surface have shown that the dedicated vehicle model yields accurate simulation results of the steering response to medium steering wheel angle inputs. In addition, the model has been validated by measuring two vehicle responses during normal driving on an undulating straight road: viz. the responses to the small steering wheel angle input and to the input by the global inclination of the road surface.     

轮胎性能对车辆操纵稳定性影响的仿真研究

本文中进行整车动力学仿真,以研究轮胎性能对车辆操纵稳定性影响。首先,对3组轮胎进行轮胎力学性能试验,利用所获得的力和力矩数据建立Unitire轮胎模型。然后,用Car Sim软件进行车辆动力学建模、仿真和试验验证。最后,利用所建车辆模型进行稳态回转试验、转向盘角阶跃试验和双移线试验,对试验数据进行分析,并客观评价了轮胎性能对车辆操纵稳定性影响。     

半挂汽车列车直线行驶横向摆振研究

建立了双质心单轨半挂汽车列车数学模型,对某重型半挂汽车列车进行仿真,探讨了不同车速、不同装载条件及挂车轴距的变化对其直线行驶横向稳定性的影响。根据相似准则求得了某重型汽车列车模型,并对其进行了台架试验。试验结果与理论结果的对比分析表明,两误差较小,具有较好的一致性。     

Analytical Tire Models for Dynamic Vehicle Simulation

Four basic tire models suitable for dynamic vehicle simulation are formulated. The models are compared through a six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear simulation of a cargo truck crossing rough ground. Guidelines are developed for the selection of an optimum tire model for a given dynamic vehicle simulation.     

汽车薄壁直梁抗弯曲特性的仿真研究

针对汽车前纵梁在斜向碰撞中出现的抗弯能力不足,在刚性墙极限倾角下发生欧拉变形的问题,利用HyperMesh软件建立了薄壁梁斜向碰撞有限元模型,LS-DYNA求解。分别分析了梁长度/截面宽,高、接触面摩擦系数、壁厚对梁抗弯能力的影响。从中得出了一些提高薄壁梁抗弯能力的有意义的方法。     

基于SIMULINK的汽车高速行驶姿态的影响因素分析

基于MATLAB/SIMULINK,以3自由度汽车非线性动力学模型为基础,建立仿真模型对汽车行驶姿态进行仿真研究,并且模拟了汽车在极限行驶工况下的行驶姿态,较低的行驶速度,适当增加侧倾转向系数可以提高汽车的操纵稳定性。前正/后负车轮外倾角可以保证汽车在高速转向/制动时保持一定的恢复横摆力矩,提高行驶安全性。改变侧倾阻尼系数对高速转向的操纵性影响不大而对行驶的平顺性有较大影响。     

用于不平路面车辆动力学仿真的轮胎模型综述

介绍了轮胎在不平路面的动力学特性。在回顾不平路面轮胎动力学模型发展的基础上，以近期的研究工作为重点，对用于不平路面车辆动力学仿真的轮胎模型进行了较为系统的介绍。概要地阐述了各种轮胎模型的建模理论、方法，并进行了分析和评述。最后，总结了不平路面轮胎力学建模的核心问题及发展方向，对不平路面车辆动力学仿真选择合适的轮胎模型给出了建议。     

汽车动态仿真器运动系统的两种驱动算法模拟逼真度分析与比较

本文利用驾驶员前庭系统模拟型分析比较汽车动态仿真器运动系统的两种驱动自满的模拟逼真度。仿真结果表明，自适应Ｗａｓｈｏｕｔ驱动算法比传统Ｗａｓｈｏｕｔ驱动算法具有更高的模拟逼真度，因此，汽车动态仿真器用自适应算法可为驾驶员提供更为逼真的运动感觉 。     

Vehicle Motion Analysis in Relation to Vehicle Safety

SUMMARY

The influence of vehicle handling on the possible avoidance of accident situations is discussed. lit is shown that accident reconstruction at present does not provide the necessary information to relate the cause of accidents to the lack of road worthiness of vehicles. It follows that the vehicle behavior in proximity of its performance limit must be determined in order to infer its accident avoidance potential.

The paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art of vehicle modeling, simulation of vehicle maneuvers and full scale testing. The application of the direct method of the stability theory is suggested as a possible means of obtaining performance limit envelopes which are necessary for establishing standards of the performance of vehicles.     

Vehicle Motion Analysis in Relation to Vehicle Safety

The influence of vehicle handling on the possible avoidance of accident situations is discussed. lit is shown that accident reconstruction at present does not provide the necessary information to relate the cause of accidents to the lack of road worthiness of vehicles. It follows that the vehicle behavior in proximity of its performance limit must be determined in order to infer its accident avoidance potential.

The paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art of vehicle modeling, simulation of vehicle maneuvers and full scale testing. The application of the direct method of the stability theory is suggested as a possible means of obtaining performance limit envelopes which are necessary for establishing standards of the performance of vehicles.     

高速直线行驶方向盘摆振仿真与优化分析

为改善乘用车高速行驶稳定性,提出方向盘摆振问题的敏感因素与解决方案。建立二分之一悬架系统动力学模型,通过分析方向盘摆振问题产生的机理与传递路径,利用Adams/Vibration振动扫频分析方法,对方向盘摆振问题的影响因素进行仿真与试验研究。与试验值对比,减小主销后倾角度或增加悬架纵向阻尼的仿真结果与试验结果的变化趋势一致,两种优化方案在车速120 km/h时,使最大共振峰值分别降低37.5% 和68.8%。这两种优化方法可有效改善方向盘摆振问题,对问题的规避与改善具有直接指导意义。     

爆胎汽车整车运动分析及控制

通过轮胎试验得到GT175/60 R14轮胎在正常胎压及零胎压下的力学特性参数,以此为依据,运用CarS im软件对爆胎汽车进行整车动力学仿真,找出汽车偏航原因,分析驾驶员不同操作所引起的整车运动性能变化以及汽车稳定性控制系统对爆胎汽车的影响。仿真结果表明,稳定性控制系统对于减轻爆胎带来的后果具有积极的作用。     

直线路段积水路面车辆事故产生机理分析

以"路线-驾驶员-车辆"仿真系统为手段,进行了3种类型积水路面的行驶模拟,每一类模拟行驶又分开环和闭环2种轨迹控制方式,同时还考虑了通过速度、重心横向偏移量、积水区域长度及附着系数等因素对车辆事故的影响.结果表明:在双侧轮胎同时遇水情况下,左右轮载不相等是车辆失稳的根本原因,车辆会向滑转相对严重的轻载轮胎一侧偏驶,为此,在乘载时要使左右轮的承重尽量均衡;仅单侧轮胎遇水时,车辆会偏向积水一侧,驾驶员应向无水的一侧转动转向器;当两侧轮胎交替遇水时,应在2块积水的交替位置将转向器迅速扳至相反方向;此外,不管轮胎是以何种状态遇水,都应该适当减速.     

轮胎滚动速度对车辆侧偏特性的影响

考虑滚动速度对印迹内压力分布及轮胎与路面间摩擦系数的影响,建立了考虑胎体复杂变形的轮胎稳态侧偏理论模型.仿真分析了滚动速度对轮胎侧偏侧向力及回正力矩特性的影响,并对轮胎高,低速特性的差异给出了解释.指出,建立具有合理速度预测能力半经验模型时,应考虑对滚动速度的影响.     

非线性闭环汽车系统直线行驶稳定性分析

详细研究了驾驶员－汽车闭环系统直线行驶稳定性问题。在线性范围内分析了驾驶员预瞄时间和轮胎刚度对临界车速的影响；在非线性领域内运用Hopf定理等非线性理论研究了当系统失去直线行驶稳定性后的特殖运动形式，并以某一国产汽车为例，验证了该车失去直线行驶稳定性后，将出现稳定的蛇行运动。     

汽车轮胎滚动阻力试验机测试方法分析

为了对汽车轮胎滚动阻力测试方案的可行性进行预先评估,基于检测设备的结构模型,提出了一种运用位移量对轮胎滚动阻力进行仿真分析的新方法。在简述滚动阻力有限元测试模型构建过程的基础上,通过改变轮胎的外部使用参数,分析传感器板在不同工况下位移场的分布情况,制定了设备的测试方案。以传感器的安装位置作为目标检测点,建立轮胎滚动阻力位移场与控制参数之间的关系曲线。最后将采集的数据经过平均滤波处理,与实验室的实测数据进行了趋势性对比。结果表明：采用该测试方法,轮胎滚动阻力随着轮胎负载和速度的增加而增大,随着气压的变大而减小;仿真结果和试验数据在相同工况下的变化趋势基本一致;该测试方法合理、可行。     

基于Simulink的汽车刮水器运动仿真分析

本文以汽车四连杆机构左右摆动式刮水器为研究对象,利用matlab/simulink强大计算和图解功能对其进行运动仿真,为汽车刮水器设计提供依据。