基于稳定度指标的分布式驱动车辆转向稳定性控制研究

针对装有轮毂电机的分布式驱动车辆,设计了一种车辆稳定性控制系统,该系统包括上层附加横摆力矩决策和下层转矩分配2个层次.基于滑模控制理论设计了上层β-ω联合控制器,并用修正的五参数菱形法划分车辆相平面的稳定域,基于此设计稳定度指标进行失稳判断与控制比例分配,下层基于动态载荷理论分配附加横摆力矩,优化了控制分配效果,在MA...     

横摆率跟踪控制的4WS汽车闭环操纵稳定性

针对主动后轮转向的4WS汽车，提出了横摆率跟踪控制方案，设计了H∞优化控制器，进行了4WS汽车在不同路面条件下的人一车闭环操纵稳定性仿真。结果表明，4WS汽车保持车辆侧滑角和横摆率稳态增益不变，降低它们的超调量、反应时间以及谐振峰值，增大系统的阻尼比，4WS汽车能够快速响应驾驶员的操纵指令，并对路面附着系数具有良好的鲁棒性。     

极限工况下主动前轮转向汽车稳定性控制

轮胎对汽车稳定性有重要影响,研究和利用轮胎的非线性特性有助于扩展汽车的稳定域。本文基于非线性轮胎模型,提出一种改进型线性时变模型预测控制(LTV-MPC)方法。该方法能扩展主动前轮转向汽车的稳定范围,提高极限工况下主动前轮转向汽车的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该方法比传统的LTV-MPC方法具有更好的稳定性控制效果。     

Steering and Dynamic Stability of Railway Vehicles

For railway vehicles having coned wheels mounted on solid axles there is a conflict between dynamic stability and steering ability

It is shown that the stiffness and kinematic properties of all possible interwheelset connections are characterised by two properties describing the distortional characteristics of the vehicle in plan. Within this framework, the various possibilities for steered wheelsets are considered, and several past and current proposals are reviewed. Using the linear approach to dynamic stabibty and curve negotation the performance of existing and newly proposed configurations is discussed

For any symmetric, two-axle vehicle it is shown that for perfect steering on a curve there should be zero bending stiffness between the wheelsets. It is further shown that if the bending stiffness is zero, the vehicle lacks dynamic stability as the critical speed of instability, is zero. In this case, the vehicle undergoes a steering oscillation which occurs at the kinematic frequency of a single wheelset and which is a motion in which pure rolling occurs

Similar results are obtained with vehicles with three or more axles if adjacent axles are connected by shear structures. However, it is shown that it is possible to satisfy both the requirements of perfect steering and a non-zero critical speed if the vehicle has zero bending stiffness and if, in addition to adjacent wheelsets being connected in shear, at least one pair of non-adjacent axles are connected by a shear structure.     

Steering and Dynamic Stability of Railway Vehicles

SUMMARY

For railway vehicles having coned wheels mounted on solid axles there is a conflict between dynamic stability and steering ability

It is shown that the stiffness and kinematic properties of all possible interwheelset connections are characterised by two properties describing the distortional characteristics of the vehicle in plan. Within this framework, the various possibilities for steered wheelsets are considered, and several past and current proposals are reviewed. Using the linear approach to dynamic stabibty and curve negotation the performance of existing and newly proposed configurations is discussed

For any symmetric, two-axle vehicle it is shown that for perfect steering on a curve there should be zero bending stiffness between the wheelsets. It is further shown that if the bending stiffness is zero, the vehicle lacks dynamic stability as the critical speed of instability, is zero. In this case, the vehicle undergoes a steering oscillation which occurs at the kinematic frequency of a single wheelset and which is a motion in which pure rolling occurs

Similar results are obtained with vehicles with three or more axles if adjacent axles are connected by shear structures. However, it is shown that it is possible to satisfy both the requirements of perfect steering and a non-zero critical speed if the vehicle has zero bending stiffness and if, in addition to adjacent wheelsets being connected in shear, at least one pair of non-adjacent axles are connected by a shear structure.     

摩托车噪声源的识别与控制

通过声强测试技术和加速噪声的模拟试验对摩托车的主要噪声源进行了识别研究,结果表明进、排气噪声是摩托车的主要噪声源,并初步确定了进、排气噪声对整车加速噪声的贡献量。利用边界元计算(BEM)技术对空气滤清器和排气消声器的声学性能进行仿真分析和改进设计。新设计的空气滤清器和排气消声器对整车的通过噪声有2.7dB的降噪效果。     

汽车操纵稳定性的广义汽车转向稳态响应模型

针对传统汽车操纵稳定性理论的线性二自由度模型的不足,构建了一个新的广义汽车转向稳态响应模型,并说明了该模型的广泛适用性。以某不足转向轿车模型的有关参数为例,仿真计算并比较了应用两种模型时该轿车等速圆周行驶时的稳态响应状况,验证了广义模型的正确性,同时得到了一条有别于传统汽车操纵稳定性理论的重要结论。     

客车转向系统对高速发飘的影响及发飘与操纵稳定性的关系

论述客车液压助力转向系统对客车高速发飘的影响及发飘与操纵稳定性的关系,为行业液压动力转向系统的零部件设计以及客车动力转向系统的匹配提供参考。     

The Influence of Structural Flexibilities on the Straight-running Stability of Motorcycles

A new tyre model for studies of motorcycle lateral dynamics, and three new motorcycle models, each incorporating a different form of structural compliance, are developed. The tyre model is based on “taut string” ideas, and includes consideration of tread width and longitudinal tread rubber distortion and tread mass effects, and normal load variation. Parameter values appropriate to a typical motorcycle tyre are employed. The motorcycle models are for small lateral perturbations from straight running at constant speed, and include (a) lateral compliance of the front wheel in the front forks, (b) torsional compliance of the front forks, and (c) torsional compliance in the rear frame at the steering head about an axis perpendicular to the steering axis.

Results in the form of eigenvalues, indicating modal damping properties and natural frequencies are presented for each model. The properties of four large production machines for a range of forward speeds, and the practicable range of stiffnesses are calculated, and the implications are discussed.

It is concluded that typical levels of structural compliance in models (a) and (c) contribute significantly to the steering behaviour properties of large motorcycles, and their observed behaviour can be understood better in terms of the new results than of those existing previously. Some conclusions relating to optimal structural stiffness properties are also drawn.     

摩托车排放污染控制技术综述

随着社会经济的发展,世界各国机动车保有量急剧增加,尾气污染日益严重,为了保护人类赖以生存的环境,降低摩托车排放已是迫在眉睫.根据摩托车排污的来源,可将摩托车排污控制技术措施分为四类,即控制发动机窜气和汽油蒸发技术、发动机机内净化技术、发动机机外净化技术和新能源无污染技术.     

国产摩托车排气污染物排放水平及机内净化措施研究

国家环保总局于2003年2月28日颁布<摩托车排放污染防治技术政策>,明确规定:2004年新定型的摩托车产品排气污染物的排放,应当达到相当于欧洲第二阶段排放控制水平;2006年前后我国所有新定型的摩托车的排放应达到国际先进水平,排放耐久性里程应达到1万km.     

牵引车-半挂车列车转向稳定性分析

研究了3种用于判别牵引车-半挂车列车稳态转向特性的方法:线性系统稳态转向特性的判别方法、基于动力学仿真的非线性系统稳态转向特性的判别方法、能量相平面判别方法.运用这3种方法分别对某一牵引车-半挂车列车的稳态转向特性进行了判别.结果表明,3种方法相互补充,可以更全面地判别牵引车-半挂车列车的稳态转向特性.     

Forced Steering of Rail Vehicles: Stability and Curving Mechanics

A forced steering rail vehicle employs linkages between.the carbody and wheelsets to force a more radial wheelset alignment. It is shown that the curve negotiation capability of forced steering trucks is significantly improved over conventional and self steering radial trucks. Parametric curves are presented showing angle-of-attack and lateral flange force as a function of steering gain parameters and truck bending stiffness. It is also shown that the forced steering concept can produce kinematic instability and severely reduced critical speeds for low conicities and creep coefficients. Analytic expressions are derived that illustrate how these kinematic instabilities can be avoided.     

四轮独立转向电动汽车转向控制方法

本文中对四轮独立转向电动汽车的转向控制方法进行研究。首先,基于前轮转向车辆的理想横摆角速度模型,建立四轮独立转向2自由度动力学模型。接着,以四轮侧偏角之和绝对值最小化作为优化目标函数,以质心侧偏角为零和理想横摆角速度作为约束条件,采用线型优化算法求解系统前馈控制器。再以轮胎侧偏角和横摆转矩为输入建立线性控制模型,运用最优区域极点配置方法设计反馈控制器。最后,建立人-车-路闭环仿真系统,分别进行双移线道路仿真实验和对开路面上的行驶仿真实验。结果表明,控制器能根据路面附着情况分配各轮转角,保证车辆跟踪理想状态。实车双移线实验进一步验证了控制器对车辆理想状态良好的跟踪精度。     

电动助力转向系统稳定性分析与研究

建立了电动助力转向系统的七自由度状态空间数学模型。分析了采用比例控制时在大助力比例系数情况下引起的转向盘振动机理。分析结果表明,大助力比例系数使系统不稳定,从而导致转向盘振动。提出了比例微分控制策略解决转向盘振动问题。仿真结果表明,比例微分控制在提高转向轻便性的同时能改善系统的稳定性,抑制大助力比例系数下转向盘的振动。     

摩托车排放控制技术及可行性分析(1)

为了满足更加严格的排放法规要求,不能仅局限于某一特定的技术措施,要充分借鉴汽车领域技术,结合摩托车本身特点,加快排放治理技术的开发和应用;对于燃油车辆而言,高性能催化剂技术的开发与应用,是车辆排放控制的重要措施.     

摩托车轮毂制动囤金相组织控制

高性能的摩托车轮毂制功圈采用灰口铸铁HT250,影响铸铁金相组织的因素很多,其中最主要的是化学成分、冷却速度、孕育剂及孕育处理工艺、毛坯的壁厚等要素。只有在生产过程中正确选择与严格控制好这些参数,才能获得优良的金相组织。     

EPS系统的控制策略研究

根据转向系统的助力特性要求,对电动助力转向系统的控制策略进行研究。建立该系统的动力学模型,对转向系统的助力控制、阻尼控制和回正控制进行分析研究。策略中主要采用PID控制方法,首先进行控制器目标电流的确定和补偿,然后对模型的电流进行仿真和验证,结果表明,此控制策略的增加转向系统的轻便性和路感。