Yaw damper modelling and its influence on railway dynamic stability

This paper deals with the modelling of yaw dampers and determining the influence of the modelling of this component on the results obtained when predicting the dynamic stability of a vehicle. The first part of the work analyses the influence of the yaw damper characteristics on railway dynamic stability. Following this, a physical model of the damper is developed which allows its performance to be reproduced accurately in the whole range of operating conditions the damper is envisaged to operate in. Once obtained, it was found that the computational cost of the model was relatively high. Therefore, a simplified model has been developed. The simplified model allows obtaining accurate results without excessively increasing the time required to perform the simulations. Analysing the results obtained with this model, it has been concluded that with respect to previous model based on conventional approaches, it improves the accuracy of dynamic calculation for the stability assessment. Also, it has been found that the accurate modelling of the yaw damper is critical when dealing with the vehicle's dynamic performance. In the last part of the paper, a special type of yaw damper was studied as well as its effect on the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle.     

弹性环阻尼器对涡轮增压器转子动力性能影响研究

以高速涡轮增压器滚珠轴承转子系统弹性环阻尼器(ERSFD)为研究对象,采用有限元分析以及挤压油膜理论对弹性环支承刚度、油膜压力场分布、油膜刚度阻尼以及滚珠轴承转子系统动力学特性等进行了分析研究,并与挤压油膜阻尼器(S F D)进行对比分析.研究发现,弹性环阻尼器的交叉刚度和阻尼很小,有效地改善了挤压油膜阻尼器刚度阻尼自由度耦合问题,刚度阻尼的非线性得到明显的抑制.采用六凸台弹性环阻尼器与滚珠轴承串联组合的增压器进行了台架试验,并与动力学计算结果进行了对比分析.     

高阻尼橡胶剪切性能试验与拉索减振器设计研究

鉴于目前实桥上高阻尼橡胶圈是利用的高阻尼橡胶的挤压性能,而不是耗能更好的剪切性能,材料利用率低,本文通过高阻尼橡胶减振器试件剪切性能试验,获得了频率、应变幅值、厚度等各种参数对高阻尼橡胶减振器试件的影响规律,并利用高阻尼橡胶剪切耗能优于挤压耗能的特性,提出了一种简便可行的外置式拉索减振器的设计方法;最后讨论了减振器刚度、安装位置、橡胶材料、拉索长度等参数对减振效果的影响。     

特大跨斜拉桥横向抗震设计方案研究

针对大跨度斜拉桥在高烈度横向地震作用下的抗震分析,就现今工程中常用到的添加挡块、金属阻尼器、黏滞阻尼器这3种减震设计方法,以某特大跨铁路斜拉桥为工程背景,基于MIDAS Civil建立了三维有限元动力弹性模型,分析了桥梁结构的动力特性;通过采用3种参数化后的方案与梁墩横向自由边界条件下的对比分析,研究了满足横向极限位移控制条件下,3种设计方案的结构地震响应特点;另外针对黏滞阻尼器和金属阻尼器减震方案,对2种阻尼器组合和布设方案进行了局部优化。研究结果表明：增设挡块减震方案要比采用阻尼器减震方案的墩塔底部内力大,采用黏滞阻尼器设计方案的减震效果最好;经过综合比较后,推荐采用组合1方案（过渡墩和辅助墩的左右侧分别设置金属阻尼器、液体黏滞阻尼器）用于铁路大跨斜拉桥。     

应用油阻尼器的斜拉索实索减振试验研究

应用一种国产油阻尼器进行了斜拉索实索减振试验研究。通过自由振动衰减曲线计算得到了拉索-油阻尼器系统前3阶模态的对数衰减率值。试验结果表明拉索的内阻尼很小,对数衰减率均值小于0.005,频率值则与理论计算值很接近。安装油阻尼器后拉索前3阶模态的对数衰减率均值达到了0.03以上,表明油阻尼器可有效抑制拉索的振动,拉索的频率在安装阻尼器后稍有增大。试验实测得到连接油阻尼器后拉索的对数衰减率值要小于理论计算值,导致这一差异的原因是由于阻尼器支架连接刚度、阻尼器连接件空隙的影响。因此,必须对拉索减振工程中阻尼器支架和连接件的设计安装予以重视。     

并联混合动力汽车扭转减振器性能仿真分析

为改善并联混合动力汽车传动系统的扭振特性,开展了扭转减振器的结构及仿真分析研究。对并联混合动力汽车传动系现有扭转减振器进行分析,提出了一种具有新型结构的弧形弹簧式从动盘扭转减振器;针对某款车型建立 8 自由度集中质量模型,采用 AMESim 仿真软件搭建仿真模型;通过对离合器从动盘扭转减振器、双质量飞轮和弧形弹簧式从动盘扭转减振器 3 种不同结构减振器的扭振特性进行仿真对比,分析了它们在典型工况下的扭振特性,并对扭转刚度和迟滞力矩进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,弧形弹簧式从动盘扭转减振器能保证较短的发动机启动时间,且拥有较好的减振特性;在混合驱动行驶工况下扭转减振器的减振效果与扭转刚度及迟滞力矩的大小呈负相关。     

基于流固耦合的汽车双筒式减振器动态特性研究

对双筒阀片充气式液压减振器内部结构进行建模,建立了减振器复原行程阻尼力数学模型,明确了活塞杆直径、复原阀片外半径以及气室充入气体的压强为影响阻尼力的3个关键参数,理论分析了结构参数对复原行程阻尼力的影响。利用动网格技术对减振器复原行程的内部流场进行了三维数值模拟,得到了流固耦合下阀片的运动状态、流场的压力云图和速度矢量图等,详细分析了各结构参数对复原阻尼力的影响,验证了减振器工作状态中的油液流动情况及所提出方法的可操作性。     

基于闭环形式的车辆减振器热学特性研究

为了解决某车辆被动悬架系统中减振器由于温升过高而漏油失效的问题,提出了车辆悬架系统机械特性与其热学特性相互耦舍的模型。采用MATLAB／Simulink建立闭环正反馈系统的热一机耦合模型,并通过仿真计算得到某车辆在多种工况以及不同悬架参数条件下减振器的温升特性曲线。研究结果表明：随着路面等级的下降、车速的提高、簧上质量的增大以及悬架刚度的减小,减振器的温度升高;车轮刚度对减振器温升特性影响较小;簧下质量对减振器温升特性无影响。     

筒式液阻减振器工作特性的实验研究

作者制备了一种单筒式减振器实验样品,利用专用振动实验台对其外特性和内特性进行了测试和分析。比较了低速工作条件下油液阻尼力、补偿阻力和摩擦阻力等之间的关系。考察了不同激振频率和幅值条件下减振器工作特性的不同特征及原因,探讨了油液工作温度以及橡胶衬套等的影响。建立了简化的减振器力学模型,据此分析了等效阻尼系数、等效刚度、激振频率、振幅等参数对减振器阻力幅值和滞后角的影响,解释了实验测试中的现象。     

土木工程结构振动控制技术及其应用研究

结合工程实际,介绍了结构振动控制方法,并研究液体质量双调谐阻尼器(TLMD)及杠杆质量减振器(LMD)等新型阻尼减振系统.室内及实桥试验表明:由于兼具调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)与调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)的优点,TLMD便于调谐,减振效果与耐久性更好.理论及室内试验证明:与现有减振措施相比,LMD对桥梁景观的不良影响小,易于安装、养护,且减振效果更好,是一种更适于超长斜拉索振动控制的"广谱"减振器.     

桥梁减隔震设计与新型减隔震装置

结构减隔震设计通过在结构的适当位置布置减隔震装置,达到延长结构自振周期和耗散地震能量的目的。此时,主要的结构构件在罕遇地震作用下仍工作在弹性范围内。因此,结构减隔震设计方法可同时具备安全、经济、适用、易维护等多重优点,是最理想的抗震设计方法。以减隔震设计理论为技术支撑,多种新型抗震装置被开发出来,如高阻尼橡胶支座、滞后型阻尼器、液压阻尼器、电磁阻尼器等。文章论述了各种减隔震装置的基本理论及使用案例,有助于工程师进行抗震设计及减隔震产品的选择。     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

摆式碰撞双重调谐质量阻尼器减振性能研究

柔性高耸桥塔具有刚度低、阻尼小等特点，极易在强风以及地震等动力荷载下产生大幅振动。摆式调谐质量阻尼器(Pendulum Tuned Mass Damper，简称摆式TMD)是目前常用的高耸结构被动控制方法，但其具有参数敏感、控制频域窄、阻尼实现手段复杂等突出缺点。为此，提出了一种摆式碰撞双重调谐质量阻尼器(Pendulum Pounding Double Tuned Mass Damper，简称PPDTMD)，该阻尼器具有双重调频能力，既提高了其减振性能，也解决了传统摆式TMD需要外接阻尼元件和碰撞式TMD噪声问题。建立了多自由度结构与摆式碰撞双重调谐质量阻尼器耦合系统的运动方程，通过参数搜索方法确定了其最优设计参数，拟合得到简化设计公式，对比了PPDTMD与传统摆式TMD的减振效果。以某自立桥塔为研究对象，分别研究了在涡振、地震、强风荷载作用下PPDTMD的抑振性能。研究结果表明:PPDTMD具有双重调谐特性，减振性能显著提升，当质量比为4%时，PPDTMD相对于理想摆式TMD、实际摆式TMD的动力放大系数峰值分别下降了11%和46%;在PPDTMD控制下，自立桥塔涡激共振(简谐激励)作用下的塔顶位移响应幅值减振率为71.9%；Kobe波作用下的塔顶位移峰值及均方值减振率分别为34.7%和60.2%；抖振力作用下的塔顶位移峰值及均方值减振率分别为26.9%和43.5%;不同动力荷载下PPDTMD的减振性能均优于传统摆式TMD。     

Lateral Dynamic Behaviour of Truck-Trailer Combinations due to the Influence of the Load*

Calculations using a 3-D simulation model which was verified by means of measurements from systematic field tests are used to investigate the influence of the load on the lateral dynamic behaviour of two different truck-trailer combinations by changing the mass and the yaw moment of inertia.

Critical oscillation frequencies, the lateral dynamic damping behaviour of the truck-trailer combinations and their instabilities under extreme driving conditions are discussed.     

复合式减振器对柴油机噪声影响的试验研究

设计了一种可调频的动力减振器和原柴油机上的橡胶扭振减振器组成了扭／弯复合式减振器。在一直列6缸车用柴油机上进行了噪声影响试验。研究结果表明，选择合适的减振频率，复合减振器对于轴系的三维振动具有良好的减振效果，发动机的噪声也可以得到一定程度的抑制。     

重庆石忠高速公路忠县长江大桥粘滞阻尼器参数分析

利用非线性动力时程分析方法,从抗震角度对重庆石忠高速公路忠县长江大桥粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数C和阻尼指数ξ进行详细的参数分析,给出不同参数下桥梁结构的内力和位移反应。分析结果表明,通过纵桥向设置粘滞阻尼器能有效减小主桥结构的地震反应。同时,对粘滞阻尼器参数的确定提出建议。     

桥梁板式橡胶支座与粘滞阻尼器组合使用的减震性能研究

在分析几种减隔震装置的减震耗能机理的基础上,提出了板式橡胶支座与粘滞阻尼器组合使用的减震措施,并利用非线性时程地震反应分析方法,对这种组合装置的减震性能进行了研究。为了研究阻尼系数、阻尼指数和周期对减隔震桥梁地震反应的影响,作了大量的参数分析,给出了参数的合理取值范围。研究结果表明,组合使用板式橡胶支座和粘滞阻尼器,既能减小结构地震力,又能有效地控制梁体位移及墩、梁相对位移。     

High Speed Stability and Curving Performance of Longitudinally Unsymmetric Trucks with Semi-active Control

The possibility of improving both the dynamic stability and curving performance of railway trucks through the use of semi-active control is discussed. According to the direction of vehicle motion, the truck parameters are switched in a longitudinally asymmetric manner. Using a method of evaluation proposed here, the stability of trucks having the same steering ability was examined using linear models. A truck equipped with independently rotating wheels on the trailing axle and with unsymmetric primary suspension has the best performance. A realistic method of achieving this is proposed: using harder primary longitudinal stiffness on the trailing axle and using a primary yaw damper only on the leading, allows bidirectional operation by changing the damping force.     

汽车发动机橡胶悬置动特性仿真与试验研究

应用橡胶类材料的非线性本构理论和橡胶悬置产品的动刚度计算方法．以及有限元分析软件abaqus对国内某款橡胶悬置产品动刚度进行了分析。运用abaqus对该汽车悬置产品动刚度和阻尼进行了计算,且计算结果与实验结果相一致,说明其具有工程应用价值。