济南市公路网规划研究

以公路交通可持续性发展的思想为指导,通过公路网规划研究,为济南市交通发展科学决策,为济南市公路率先实现现代化,为公路交通与其他相关社会经济事业协调、为济南市"十一五"公路网规划提供参考.     

县乡公路网规划探讨

县乡公路是国家(或地区)公路网的重要组成部分,县乡公路的量大而面广,深入到广大的乡镇农村,与国道、省道一起构成了整个国家(或地区)的公路网络体系.加快城乡公路的建设,可以保证全国公路网建设的协调发展,同时对促进乡镇企业的发展、繁荣农村经济和加强城乡物资交流也是强有力的保障.而县乡公路网的规划对于农村公路健康、协调、有序地发展具有极其重要的意义.     

云南省公路网规划的实践与探索

<正> 一、引言 随着我国改革开放的深入,当前公路建设愈来愈显示其重要性和紧迫性,其发展速度比以往任何时候都要快得多。然而,公路建设耗资巨大,我国建设资金又严重短缺,欠帐很多。因此,为了更好地有效利用资金和争取外资,加强公路建设的行业管理和宏观控制,健全公路建设的科学管理机制,提高公路建设投资的社会经济效益,防止建设决策、建设布局的随意性、     

公路网交通量预测在干线公路网规划中的应用研究

为满足不断增长的运输需求,促进区域经济高质量发展,完善公路网,对公路网交通量预测的关键作用及在干线公路网规划中的应用方法进行分析,针对其在干线公路网规划中的应用实例,展开具体的论述,提出公路网规划的策略,提升公路网的运行能力,保障公路网的价值得以实现。     

山西省公路网规划的实践与探索

<正>交通部于1990年4月21日下发了关于发布《公路网规划编制办法的通知》[(90)交计字225号]及《关于编制1991年～2020年全国公路网规划的通知》[(91)交计字707号]两个文件,要求全国各省市、自治区和各市、县编制30年公路网规划,以期达到使公路建设适应国民经济发展的目的,同时使公路网规划工作步入程序化、规模化、科学化的轨道。     

广西公路网规划合理规模探讨

文章在分析广西公路网规划合理规模的主要影响因素和发展阶段特征的基础上,介绍了测算路网合理规模的各种常规方法及其优缺点,并提出了一种分层测算的分析方法,对2020年的广西公路网合理规模进行测算,为类似研究提供借鉴。     

公路网规划中关于城镇化问题的思考

公路交通可以有效地引导和促进城镇化的发展,在规划公路网的时候,一定要动态的、全局的考虑城镇化的发展规律。在满足公路交通需求的同时,要尽可能减少过境交通对未来城镇市内交通的干扰,最好采用切线方式连接公路和小城镇。在规划城镇路边建筑的时候也要尽量减少对公路的干扰,建议采用平行的和纵深发展的辅路的方法连接路边建筑和公路,减少了对公路的干扰,并且有利于新城镇的规划建设。     

公路网现状评价体系及应用

在各地推进公路网系统发展建设的过程中,需要采用科学合理的方法对公路网系统进行系统全面的综合评价,发现现状问题,提出后期发展方向的建议,以期指导公路网的规划建设工作。本文建立了公路网现状评价指标体系,提出了基于专家调研的指标评分等级标准;采用层次分析法确定了评价指标的权重值并开展了公路网现状的综合评价。最后开展了通州区和顺义区的实例应用,发现其现状问题并提出了后期发展方向,从而验证了本文所提出的公路网现状评价指标体系及综合评价方法的科学性、合理性、可靠性和适用性,对公路网现状评价方法的研究具有重要指导意义。     

公路网规划中多路径交通分配模型的计算机实现

介绍了多路径交通分配模型的建立和程序设计.并利用VBA语言编制程序模块确定有效出行路线、最短路权、有效路段的边权、节点点权及各路段分配交通量等.     

交通发展规划内容、程序及方法的探讨

本文介绍了目前国内外交通发展规划的内容、程序及方法的现状,针对目前我国交通发展规划存在的不适合市场经济发展的主要问题,提出了新时期交通发展规划中需要引起重视的一些理念及建议,可供交通发展规划部门参考。     

改进的模糊层次分析法在公路环境影响评价中的应用

针对每个比选方案从不同的环境角度分析,会各有优势和劣势特点,提出了改进的模糊层次分析法在公路环评应用,较好的解决了在作比选方案同等深度的环境比选时,怎样从环境角度综合评价各比选方案的优劣。     

The environmental impact of distribution to retail channels: A case study on packaged beverages

This study aims to quantify the environmental impact of two retail distribution networks and offer consumers a channel that is more beneficial to the environment. The environmental impact of replenishing the packaged beverages sold in convenience stores (CVSs) and hypermarkets is assessed using the streamlined life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach. In this study, the life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) for packaged beverages up to the point of sale illustrates the distribution-level environmental impacts of truck transportation. The matched-pair t-test shows that the environmental impacts of transporting 1800 cartons of 24-pack/10 oz. beverages to be sold in Carrefour and 7-11 stores is different at a significance level of 0.1. The transport-focused LCA is used to improve the understanding and compare the environmental characteristics of the two distribution and retail systems. This study constitutes a vehicle for communicating to both internal and external stakeholders the environmental profiles of distributing the same product sold through two retail channels.     

TransNIEMO: economic impact analysis using a model of consistent inter-regional economic and network equilibria

We describe a model that integrates a multiregional input–output (I–O) model of the USA (for 50 States and the District of Columbia) with the national highway network. Inter-state commodity shipments are placed on a congestible highway network. Simulations of major choke-point disruptions redirect traffic which increases the costs of some shipments. Increased costs show up in higher prices which help to determine a new I–O equilibrium. We find economic and network equilibria that are consistent. The simulations show only moderate economic impacts. We ascribe this to the resilience of the highway network. The model provides State-level detail on who bears the costs of the disruptions.     

Design and evaluation of railway corridors based on spatial ecological and geological criteria

Transport infrastructure is closely linked to several sustainability issues of main policy relevance, and significant impacts on biodiversity as well as resource use and construction costs relate to the corridor design and location in the landscape. The aim of this study was to develop methods for railway corridor planning, in which corridor design and location would be based on important ecological and geological sustainability criteria. The method, an MCA framework including both spatial and non-spatial MCA, was demonstrated on a railway planning proposition in an urbanising area north of Stockholm, Sweden. Alternative spatial alignments for 6 railway corridors were derived based on criteria representing biodiversity, resource efficiency and costs, developed from ecological and geological knowledge, data and models. The method identified a study area specific positive synergy between ecological and geological sustainability criteria. The evaluation part of the methodology could furthermore identify uncertainties in the input data and assumptions and conflicts between ecological criteria. In order to arrive at a well-informed decision support system, the criteria as well as the decision rules employed could be further elaborated. Other relevant sustainability issues would also need to be integrated, such as cultural landscapes, recreation, and other ecosystem services. Still, arriving at a corridor design informed by the ecological and geological conditions in the planned area, as demonstrated by this study, could improve the sustainability performance of transport infrastructure planning.     

公路路产登记问题探讨

立足于《物权法》中对不动产登记的规定,详细梳理了不动产登记制度在我国的现状,并有针对性地探讨公路路产登记原则、登记程序以及登记后的档案管理工作。     

The impact of high-speed rail investment on economic and environmental change in China: A dynamic CGE analysis

This study investigates the impact of high-speed rail investment on the economy and environment in China using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The analysis is implemented in a dynamic recursive framework capturing long-run capital accumulation and labor market equilibrium. A national level impact was simulated through direct impact drivers including land use conversion, output expansion, cost reduction, productivity increase, transport demand substitution and induced demand. The results suggest that rail investment in China over the past decade has been a positive stimulus to the economy, while the effect on CO₂ emissions generation has been large. Overall, the economic impacts of rail investment are achieved primarily through induced demand and output expansion, whereas the contribution from a reduction of rail transportation costs and rail productivity increases were modest. In addition, negligible negative impacts were found from land use for rail development and the substitution effect among other modes. Emissions reduction from substitution of rail for other modes was small and offset by output expansion due to lowered rail transport costs and induced demand.     

The impact of a new rapid transit system on traffic on parallel highway facilities

This study analyzes data of traffic crossing San Francisco Bay and passing through the Berkeley Hills via Caldecott Tunnel to determine the effect of the opening in 1974 of the Bay Area Rapid Transit System (BART) transbay line. There was a sudden shift in trend lines in 1974; vehicle volumes dropped, transit patronage jumped, but total person trips in the short run followed roughly the trends of the previous eight years. Since 1974, the growth rate in person trips through the Berkeley Hills appears to have remained about the same, while transbay vehicle and transit traffic have increased at a more rapid rate. The increase in transit patronage is particularly noticeable between the morning and afternoon peaks and probably represents new trips by shoppers and sightseers. Whereas other factors, such as the increase in the price of gasoline between October 1973 and July 1974 may have contributed a little to the sudden change in the long‐range trends in 1974, it is believed that the major cause was the opening of the BART network to transbay travel.

     

Local environmental impact assessment as decision support for the introduction of electromobility in urban public transport systems

The urban transport sector offers a noteworthy potential for the reduction of national greenhouse gas emissions as well as local pollutant emissions such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter if electric drive systems are increasingly used. Owing to the fact that electric busses are still in the development phase, higher investment costs have evolved for public transport providers. Hence, decision making about where to introduce electric bus lines is mainly characterized by economic as well as technological considerations. The integration of local or regional ecological aspects is often neglected. An interdisciplinary approach was applied to the bus network of an urban public transport provider. By combining spatial-analytical techniques and statistical methods, the local environmental relief potential of electric busses has been evaluated. The results show that due to their specific line characteristics and the frequency of service, two bus lines out of 28 are particularly suitable for the introduction of electromobility in Dresden, Germany. The presented scientific work contributes to the extension of environmental assessments and decision making tools by including the spatial dimension of environmental impacts. It increases the practical relevance, especially for management decisions of political and entrepreneurial stakeholders by providing a sensible decision basis for local or regional infrastructure projects.     

城市轨道交通地下车站环境空气影响问题及对策探讨

LIU Moyun(Fuzhou Roil Transit Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou Fujian 350000,China)     

The impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities

This study aims to measure the impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities.First, the sphere of urban influence is defined by application of an individual behavior model. The model explains the number of trips to representative cities in regions from the residential place of each individual using the following factors; the attractiveness of cities, the travel time to cities and the individual's free time. Development of major roads shortens the travel time, and this causes the change in the sphere of urban influence. The model we propose has the structure to explain this phenomenon.Second, this method is applied to all of Japan where expressways are now being rapidly constructed and, how they change spheres of urban influence is explained. In the application, as a measure of attractiveness of cities, population, commercial and industrial activity, etc. are considered. From these points of view, the impacts of construction of expressways in Japan are estimated.