EPS用直流电机转速估计最小观测器的设计与实现

利用最小观测器的基本理论,对EPS用永磁有刷直流电机进行了建模,提出了一种通过测量的电压和电流估计电机转子动态转速的算法。与实测转速的对比表明,合理配置最小观测器的极点位置,可以估计出电机的转速。研究了利用转速估计的反馈控制在EPS电机控制中的应用,结果表明,使用具有电机转速估计反馈的阻尼控制算法可以明显改善转向盘转矩的波动。     

基于转速辨识的EPS阻尼控制策略的研究

将基于递推最小二乘算法的转速在线辨识方法引入电动助力转向系统中,以估计助力电动机的转速。利用估计转速结合车速,设计了相应的阻尼特性,提出了阻尼控制策略,并对转速辨识和阻尼特性进行仿真。结果表明,利用递推算法进行转速辨识成本低,可靠性、鲁棒性高;提出的阻尼控制策略有效可行。     

电动液压助力转向系统控制算法研究与实现

研究了电动液压助力转向控制系统中转向盘角速度、车速和电机转速之间非线性关系的控制算法,并依据实际控制系统参数,得到该控制系统中车速、电机转速及转向角速度三者的非线性关系,利用仿真软件实现了控制系统所需要的助力曲线。通过在AMESIM中仿真对比表明,运用该算法能够得到较理想的助力曲线,验证了该算法在电动液压助力转向系统中应用的可行性。通过台架试验表明,该系统助力效果明显,控制算法中参数变换对控制系统的影响与实际控制系统控制效果相吻合。     

基于无传感器转角估计的回正控制策略研究

文中提出了一种新型电机转角估计方法,将估算结果通过传动比反算至转向盘转角,并依靠改进的回正控制策略,运用估算的转向盘转角及转矩计算回正助力力矩。仿真结果表明：该方案不但可以达到良好的回正效果,并且有利于转向状态间的柔和切换,同时由于无传感器转角估计减少了电机控制模块的成本。     

基于SVPWM原理实现电子制动助力电机的控制和工程应用

基于SVPWM的基本原理、推导法则和控制算法,对电子制动助力的永磁同步电机进行电流环的精确控制,再加上对转速环和行程环的精确控制,实现通过电机对制动系统提供助力。通过台架和整车测试,结果表明该控制方法可行,并得到了工程应用。     

基于电机转速闭环控制的混合动力汽车模式切换动态协调控制策略

针对混合动力汽车模式切换过程中动力传递不平稳引起的冲击和发动机转矩难以实时精确获得等问题,提出了基于电机转速闭环控制的混合动力汽车模式切换动态协调控制策略。采用基于斜率限制的发动机转矩控制方法,限制发动机转矩变化率,减小了发动机转矩突变造成的冲击;运用电机转速闭环控制方法,以容易实时精确测量的电机转速作为反馈控制量,解决了发动机转矩在线实时精确估计难题。利用Matlab/Simulink与AEMSim搭建了联合仿真平台。仿真结果表明,提出的动态协调控制策略能减小电机转速和车速的波动,有效提高混合动力汽车的行驶平顺性。     

4WD电动汽车转速闭环控制

研究了4WD电动汽车的转速闭环控制：提出了摸型跟踪2自由度转速闭环控制策略和基于观测器的车速估算方法。介绍了该控制方法的基本原理及实现技术通过轮毂电机加载试验台的硬件在回路仿真、9自由度整车模型弯道制动及分离系数路面仿真，验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

基于集成起动机/发电机的整车控制策略仿真研究

针对基于集成起动机/发电机(ISA)的汽车各部件的特性和系统的设计目标,建立了柴油机、ISA电机和整车的数学模型,在实现柴油机、ISA电机、蓄电池和传动系统之间最佳匹配的前提下,提出了以蓄电池SOC、车速、柴油机转速、功率以及燃油经济性为主要参数的控制策略.运用Matlab/simulink软件,根据控制策略进行了启动、助力、充电等工况的动力性仿真,并在CYC_ECE_EUDC行驶循环工况下进行整车模拟试验.结果表明,所提出的控制策略能满足ISA汽车的迅速起步、低速补偿转矩、加速时提供辅助动力和充电功率恒定等要求,实现了起步一助力-发电功能一体化.     

新能源汽车发卡电机交流电阻研究

为研究新能源汽车发卡电机绕组交流电阻的影响因素,引入交流电阻系数,建立发卡交流电阻、涡流电阻的计算公式,并以8极48槽电机为例,分析电机转速、电流、发卡温度、磁钢、硅钢片性能、发卡截面尺寸、定子槽尺寸及发卡槽内位置等因素对发卡交流电阻的影响,并对比不同因素下的发卡电流密度分布.结果表明:转速是影响发卡电机交流电阻的最主...     

隧道掘进机刀盘驱动多电机同步自适应耦合控制研究

为解决隧道掘进机运行过程中刀盘驱动系统各电机受力不均衡导致的部件损坏或系统故障的问题，对刀盘驱动系统结构及控制模式进行分析，建立电机矢量控制模型，提出一种改进的刀盘驱动耦合控制结构。该结构一方面可以增加从电机给定转速选择功能，消除起动阶段延时引起的同步误差； 另一方面，可以通过转速补偿耦合策略缩小电机之间的转速差。在控制方法上，设计神经网络PI控制器来控制各个电机的转速，使控制系统能够根据载荷的变化自适应调整控制参数，提高控制精度。最后，通过建立Simulink仿真模型，对比自适应耦合控制与主从控制、并行控制的同步效果。结果表明，所提出的自适应耦合控制方法能够使控制中的各个环节相互配合，可达到较好的控制性能和响应转速。     

Comparative study of vehicle tyre–road friction coefficient estimation with a novel cost-effective method

This paper qualitatively and quantitatively reviews and compares three typical tyre–road friction coefficient estimation methods, which are the slip slope method, individual tyre force estimation method and extended Kalman filter method, and then presents a new cost-effective tyre–road friction coefficient estimation method. Based on the qualitative analysis and the numerical comparisons, it is found that all of the three typical methods can successfully estimate the tyre force and friction coefficient in most of the test conditions, but the estimation performance is compromised for some of the methods during different simulation scenarios. In addition, all of these three methods need global positioning system (GPS) to measure the absolute velocity of a vehicle. To overcome the above-mentioned problem, a novel cost-effective estimation method is proposed in this paper. This method requires only the inputs of wheel angular velocity, traction/brake torque and longitudinal acceleration, which are all easy to be measured using available sensors installed in passenger vehicles. By using this method, the vehicle absolute velocity and slip ratio can be estimated by an improved nonlinear observer without using GPS, and the friction force and tyre–road friction coefficient can be obtained from the estimated vehicle velocity and slip ratio. Simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method.     

Fault detection method for electric parking brake (EPB) systems with sensorless estimation using current ripples

A fault detection method with parity equations is proposed in this paper. Due to its low cost implementation, the velocity of the motor is not measurable in electric parking brake (EPB) systems. Therefore, residuals are not reliable when estimating the motor velocity with a low-resolution encoder. In this paper, we propose a fault detection method with sensorless estimation using current ripples that estimates the position and velocity of the motor by detecting periodical oscillations of the armature current caused by rotor slots. In addition, this method can estimate the position and velocity of the motor with less computational effort than a state observer. Moreover, the method is less sensitive to motor parameters than model-based estimation methods. The effectiveness of this method is validated with experimental data, and the simulation results show that various faults have their own residual patterns. Therefore, we can detect the presence of faults by monitoring the residual signals.     

Estimation of maximum road friction coefficient based on Lyapunov method

With the real time and accurate information of motor torque and rotation speed of the four-in-wheel-motordrive electric vehicles, a slip based algorithm for estimating maximum road friction coefficient is designed using Lyapunov stability theory. Modified Burckhardt tire model is used to describe longitudinal slip property of the tire. By introducing a new state variable, a nonlinear estimator is proposed to estimate the longitudinal tire force and the maximum road friction coefficient simultaneously. With the appropriate selection of estimation gain, the convergence of the estimation error of the tire longitudinal force and maximum road friction coefficient is proved through Lyapunov stability analysis. In addition, the error is exponentially stable near the origin. Finally the method is validated with Carsim-Simulink co-simulation and real vehicle tests under multi working conditions in acceleration situation which demonstrate high computational efficiency and accuracy of this method.     

测定汽车滑行阻力系数的方法

从汽车滑行运动微分方程入手，经过积分推导出滚动阻力系数和空气阻力系数与滑行初速度、滑行总时间和滑行总距离之间的关系，用滑行过程中3个瞬时点的记录参数组成方程组，再用MATLAB求方程组的数值解，即可求出汽车的滚动阻力系数和空气阻力系数。本方法只需一次滑行试验，既方便易行，又比较准确。     

电动汽车用PMSM的设计与研究

PMSM具有高效率、宽调速、响应速度快等优点而逐步成为电动汽车主驱动系统的主流。通过对自主研发PMSM的主要参数进行推导,分析了参数设计的选择方法,采用Ansoft软件的RMxprt和Maxwell 2D模块对自主研发电机构建模型,进行了有限元仿真,以及对反电势、转矩、齿部磁密和轭部磁密的分布情况做了分析。最后对自主研发电机经过测试,试验结果较好地验证了仿真结果,这为PMSM的设计和参数的研究优化提供了参考依据。     

An ABS control logic based on wheel force measurement

The paper presents an anti-lock braking system (ABS) control logic based on the measurement of the longitudinal forces at the hub bearings. The availability of force information allows to design a logic that does not rely on the estimation of the tyre–road friction coefficient, since it continuously tries to exploit the maximum longitudinal tyre force.

The logic is designed by means of computer simulation and then tested on a specific hardware in the loop test bench: the experimental results confirm that measured wheel force can lead to a significant improvement of the ABS performances in terms of stopping distance also in the presence of road with variable friction coefficient.     

自动变速器离合器的模糊控制

对汽车起步过程中的离合器进行多目标函数综合化，能够对控制目标进行全面评价，在此基础上，对机械式自动变速器中的离合器采用变量化因子模糊调节与变系数比例调节相结合的控制方法，不但实现了汽车的平稳起步，同时也延长了离合器的使用寿命。     

基于AMESIM的全液压推土机行走驱动系统仿真

运用仿真手段,研究了全液压推土传动系统的速度刚度和变量泵、马达的容积效率,给出了全液压推土机的泵、马达配置的一般原则和合适的排量比取值范围;讨论了CUT-OFF阀在液压驱动的推土机上的使用问题,提出将压力引入发动机的控制.     

Tire–road friction coefficient estimation based on the resonance frequency of in-wheel motor drive system

In this paper, a resonance frequency-based tire–road friction coefficient (TRFC) estimation method is proposed by considering the dynamics performance of the in-wheel motor drive system under small slip ratio conditions. A frequency response function (FRF) is deduced for the drive system that is composed of a dynamic tire model and a simplified motor model. A linear relationship between the squared system resonance frequency and the TFRC is described with the FRF. Furthermore, the resonance frequency is identified by the Auto-Regressive eXogenous model using the information of the motor torque and the wheel speed, and the TRFC is estimated thereafter by a recursive least squares filter with the identified resonance frequency. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulations and experimental tests on different road surfaces.     

Sensorless adaptive speed control of a permanent-magnet dc motor for anti-lock brake systems

An adaptive control algorithm was developed for the sensorless speed control of a permanent-magnet DC motor directly connected to the hydraulic pump of an antilock brake system. Due to the severe cost and reliability constraints of the application, the motor speed was controlled by a very simple on-off switching method, in which the only measurement required is the voltage across the control switch. The motor speed was calculated solely from the back-EMF voltage during the period of the control cycle when the switching controller is in the switch-off mode. The stability of the developed adaptiveswitching control algorithm was proven mathematically and confirmed experimentally in several vehicle tests over a wide range of target speeds and pump-load conditions. The accuracy and the response time of the controller can easily be tuned by adjusting a single tuning parameter. The switching frequency of the controller can also easily be tuned by adjusting the over-and undershoot thresholds independently from the accuracy of the speed-tracking control.