公路施工机械的优化配置及其数学模型研究

公路机械化施工必须注重其经济效益。对公路施工机械的优化配置进行了定性分析，利用技术譬济学原理分别建立了技术经济效果最佳时单一机械投资决策和机群优化配置的数学模型，从而使机械配置从经验选型走向科学选型。模型求解方法简单，结果可靠，可用于指导生产实践。     

高等级公路路面施工机械最优配置

分析了路面施工机械机群配置间的关系，配置原则和评价指标，利用微机及ＦｏｘＰｒｏ２．６关系型数据库系统，实现路面施工机械机群的最优配置。     

基于GIS的机群优化配置系统

在大型工程的施工中，需要对施工机械（车辆）进行优化配置和调度，才能减少消耗，缩短工期和提高效率。本文从工程施工的一般性出发，以GIS技术为支撑，提出了机群的优化配置系统，该系统能够结合具体的特点，动态地配置，调度施工机械（车辆），从而达到提高施工的质量，效率，缩短工期，节省成本等。     

西部高原地区沥青混凝土路面施工机群选型研究(8)

针对西部高原地区特点,从机群的静态配置和动态配置2个角度提出了在西部高原地区沥青混凝土路面机械化施工中,进行路面机群施工配置的方法;并分析了配置的原因,使施工机群在适应高原施工的前提下,系统运行相对稳定,效率更高.     

基于优化理论的沥青混凝土路面施工机群的配置

本文通过分析沥青混凝土路面施工的特点,提出了各种沥青路面施工机械(搅拌设备、转运车、摊铺机、压路机和自卸车)的生产率计算方法和配置原则。在保证路面质量的前提下,利用MATLAB优化工具箱对沥青路面的施工机群进行优化配置,实现了机械成本费的最小化。实践证明优化理论在进行施正机械的配置方面是有效的。     

沥青混凝土路面施工机群智能调度与监控系统

根据沥青混凝土路面施工工艺及机械运行规律，分析了机群智能调度与监控系统的功能需求，提出了基于无线局域网的机群智能控制系统结构方案，对机群智能调度系统中的优化调度技术进行了探讨。     

冷铣刨-热摊铺养护施工机群配置软件的开发

通过对公路沥青路面冷铣刨-热摊铺养护施工设备的优化配置方法和施工参数进行分析,以Microsoft Access 2003为数据库管理工具,以VB6.0为开发语言,研制开发了冷铣刨-热摊铺养护施工机群配置软件系统,为施工单位和管理者进行决策提供支持,从而提高工作效率。     

沥青混凝土路面机群施工配置技术的现状与发展

1沥青混凝土路面机群施工配置技术研究回顾 在公路机械化施工中,机群施工配置是形成合理的机械化施工能力的基础,受到国内外学者与企业的普遍重视.     

高等级沥青砼路面施工机群的总体配备

讨论了沥青砼路面施工机群的选型与配套，提出了沥青砼搅拌设备，摊铺机，压路机生产率的计算方法及运输车辆的配置计算方法，并在施工工艺中加入了沥青混合料转运车来减小材料离析和温度离析。     

沥青转运车的使用与机群性能和效率的变化

沥青混合料转运车在高速公路施工中的广泛应用,必然导致公路施工机群配置技术的相应变革。构建了转运摊铺机组的数学模型并从转运车的储料功能、同摊铺机的柔性连接、对骨料和温度均匀调节作用方面对公路施工中机群性能与效率影响进行分析。     

汽车板件冲压连接技术的有限元分析

采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,基于弹塑性有限元理论建立有限元模型,对汽车板件冲压连接过程进行了模拟。研究了冲压连接模具参数和不同板厚组合方式对互锁值c和颈厚值n的影响规律,并给出了模具参数选用的一般范围及不等厚板的最佳组合方式。试验表明,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,证明了利用有限元模拟方法对冲压连接的连接效果进行预测是可行的。     

Optimal design of adaptive shaking vibration control for electric vehicles

This paper provides a complete design solution about adaptive optimal shaking vibration control for electric vehicles. A general 4-DOF and 5-order linear torsional vibration model is established under given wheel speed, and the frequency characteristics of the vibration system are elaborately analysed in terms of variation of wheel speed and different model parameters. Aiming at decreasing the shaking vibration at the least sacrifice of acceleration loss, and improving the robustness of the system against external disturbance, a combination of feed-forward and feed-backward adaptive control structure is proposed. Further, a non-linear multi-constraint optimisation problem is formulated for solving the optimal adaptive control variables within the two-dimensional design space composed of the wheel speed and driver's torque command. Furthermore, the distribution of the optimal adaptive control variables within the design space and its extended application under different tyre road conditions are discussed. Eventually, several simulation test cases are particularly designed to verify the performances of the controller on all aspects. Test results show that the optimal adaptive controller achieves satisfactory anti-shaking vibration, acceleration maintaining and robustness performances within the whole adaptive design space as desired.     

筑路机械合理配置的优化决策

在筑路施工作业中，施工机械的合理配置是一个复杂的技术问题。为了解决配置中的最优化问题，采用根据作业任务优选机械和对机械用量进行优化决策的方法，运用优化理论和运筹方法建立一套优化决策模型，并通过实例进行定量计算和定性分析进一步说明其优化决策的意义。     

Optimization of curving performance of rail vehicles

The curving performance of a transit rail vehicle model with 21 degrees of freedom is optimized using a combination of multibody dynamics and a genetic algorithm (GA). The design optimization is to search for optimal design variables so that the noise or wear, arising from misalignment of the wheelsets with the track, is reduced to a minimum level during curve negotiations with flange contact forces guiding the rail vehicle. The objective function is a weighted combination of angle of attack on wheelsets and ratios of lateral to vertical forces on wheels. Using the combination of the GA and a multibody dynamics modelling program, A'GEM, the generation of governing equations of motion for complex nonlinear dynamic rail vehicle models and the search for global optimal design variables can be carried out automatically. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach of using the combination of multibody dynamics and GAs, the numerical simulation results of the optimization are offered, the selected objective function is justified, and the sensitivity analysis of different design parameters and different design parameter sets on curving performance is performed. Numerical results show that compared with suspension and inertial parameter sets, the geometric parameter set has the most significant effect on curving performance.     

Optimization of curving performance of rail vehicles

The curving performance of a transit rail vehicle model with 21 degrees of freedom is optimized using a combination of multibody dynamics and a genetic algorithm (GA). The design optimization is to search for optimal design variables so that the noise or wear, arising from misalignment of the wheelsets with the track, is reduced to a minimum level during curve negotiations with flange contact forces guiding the rail vehicle. The objective function is a weighted combination of angle of attack on wheelsets and ratios of lateral to vertical forces on wheels. Using the combination of the GA and a multibody dynamics modelling program, A’GEM, the generation of governing equations of motion for complex nonlinear dynamic rail vehicle models and the search for global optimal design variables can be carried out automatically. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach of using the combination of multibody dynamics and GAs, the numerical simulation results of the optimization are offered, the selected objective function is justified, and the sensitivity analysis of different design parameters and different design parameter sets on curving performance is performed. Numerical results show that compared with suspension and inertial parameter sets, the geometric parameter set has the most significant effect on curving performance.     

伸缩臂式自装卸机构总体参数的优化设计

建立了伸缩臂式自装卸机械总体参数化设计的数学模型，以油缸受力最小为目标函数，满足最大纳向装卸角及尺寸２条件为约束条件，详述了结构优化设计过程，编制了优化计算软件。并以某型自装卸机械为优化设计计算，求得了机构最优参数。     

Optimal vibration isolation of a tractor-semi-trailer system

The procedure is presented for the analytical synthesis of optimal vibration isolation of a tractor-semi-trailer system subjected to random excitation coming from the road. A general approach is discussed for a selected vibration isolation criterion. The especially elaborated procedure of complex matrix factorization is applied. The general results are presented by numerical calculations and their graphical illustrations.     

Optimal vibration isolation of a tractor–semi-trailer system

The procedure is presented for the analytical synthesis of optimal vibration isolation of a tractor–semi-trailer system subjected to random excitation coming from the road. A general approach is discussed for a selected vibration isolation criterion. The especially elaborated procedure of complex matrix factorization is applied. The general results are presented by numerical calculations and their graphical illustrations.     

混合动力客车经济性试验研究

为提高混合动力客车经济性,运用正交试验方法找出关键参数的最优组合。对试验结果进行统计分析,验证了该试验方法的合理性,初步确定了关键参数的相关性。     

Formulation and interpretation of optimal braking and steering patterns towards autonomous safety-critical manoeuvres

ABSTRACT

Stability control of a vehicle in autonomous safety-critical at-the-limit manoeuvres is analysed from the perspective of lane keeping or lane changing, rather than that of yaw control as in traditional ESC systems. An optimal control formulation is developed, where the optimisation criterion is a linear combination of the initial and final velocity of the manoeuvre. Varying the interpolation parameter in this formulation turns out to result in an interesting family of optimal braking and steering patterns in stabilising manoeuvres. The two different strategies of optimal lane-keeping control and optimal yaw control are shown to be embedded in the formulation and result from the boundary values of the parameter. The results provide new insights and have the potential to be used for future safety systems that adapt the level of braking to the situation at hand, which is demonstrated through examples of how to exploit theresults.