访巴拿马运河

通过介绍巴拿马运河的简况及ACP的现代化计划，论述可资借鉴之处。     

巴拿马运河避碰规则的特殊规定

概述现行《巴拿马运河避碰规则》的特殊规定和要求,比较其与《1972年国际海上避碰规则》中相应规定的差异之处,便于航行在巴拿马运河水域中的船舶掌握和遵守当地的特殊避碰规定。     

Panama Canal expansion: fuel economy and logistical risk

Since cargo capacity increases faster than fuel consumption, the significantly larger capacity fleets which will accompany expansion of the Panama Canal will introduce additional fuel economies and cost savings. Enabling larger, more fuel-efficient vessels to carry cargo the entire distance from Asia to US east-coast ports allows vessel operators to realize significant and meaningful savings compared with the alternatives of using smaller Panamax vessels for the whole distance, or sending the cargo over the US land bridge by train or truck. Fuel savings are quantified along with the monetary savings based on various assumptions for the price of fuel. These savings are dramatic and will increase directly with the price of crude petroleum. Finally, microeconomic theory is deployed to determine how cost savings will be distributed between shipping customers and vessel operators.     

金融危机对巴拿马运河扩建工程的影响

投资总额高达52．5亿美元的巴拿马运河扩建工程于当地时间2006年10月22日进行公民投票时,以巴拿马前总统豪尔赫·伊柳埃卡为代表的反对派就扩建的资金来源、成本上升、按时完工等问题提出质疑。尽管最终运河扩建计划得以顺利通过,但针对扩建工程的各种质疑声从未间断,特别是2007年2月美国次贷危机显露并进一步演化成席卷全球的金融危机,运河扩建工程能否顺利实施更加受到关注。     

超大型船舶通过新巴拿马运河操纵

巴拿马新运河投入运营后,超大型船舶经巴拿马运河运输货物的便利性显著增强.但因船舶尺寸大、巴拿马运河宽度受限、运河本身存在诸多不安全因素,通航难度较大.如未提前掌握通航方法,船舶在通过运河时易因各种意外情况而造成船体受损.因此,必须积极分析各类不利因素,对超大型船舶通过巴拿马运河的操纵及注意事项进行研究.     

巴拿马运河对通航船舶的尺度视线和布置要求

介绍了巴拿马运河的航运和地理位置,运河对通航船舶的吃水限制和尺度限制,以及运河对通航船舶视线和布置的要求等,并简要介绍了巴拿马运河扩建工程。同时通过驾驶室视线图送审过程中遇到的一些问题,更清晰地阐明了规范要求。对规范规则的解读,以期给巴拿马级船舶设计提供参考。     

对巴拿马运河的扩建及运输形态展望

文章对巴拿马运河目前的现状作了介绍,并对扩建后的运河进行了展望,探讨了运河扩建后对航运的影响,提出了所谓第三运输形态的构想,及我国在运河扩建后的机遇和应对策略.     

巴拿马运河吃水、吃水差控制实用计算

鉴于当今巴拿马型散货船对吃水以及吃水差控制不当而造成超吃水,导致这种船穿越巴拿马运河的事故频繁发生。本文主要分析了上述事件常见的典型错误计算,并结合生产实践介绍了几种实用而简单的船舶穿越巴拿马运河控制吃水和吃水差的计算方法,以期给船舶驾驶人员以正确的计算指导。     

巴拿马运河新船闸对通航船舶的系泊布置要求

随着巴拿马运河扩建工程的竣工及通航,其对于通航新船闸船舶的系泊布置提出了新的要求。文章结合万箱级集装箱船系泊布置实例,阐述船舶设计时应考虑通航巴拿马运河新船闸的系泊布置的设计要点。     

82000 DWT散货船满足巴拿马运河要求的舾装设计

以82000 DWT散货船为例,结合相关规范、公约及运河规则,介绍了其满足巴拿马运河要求的舾装设计,系泊布置、舷梯引水员梯和天幕和声光信号,并对其具体的布置及设计加以分析和说明.对同类船型的设计有一定的借鉴作用.最后指出随着巴拿马运河扩建工程对原有的设计带来的变化应给予关注.     

Labour relations in the Hong Kong merchant navy

This paper discusses the role of ratings' and officers unions, and that of boarding-house keepers, in relation to the recruitment and supply of seamen for the Hong Kong Merchant Navy     

过巴拿马运河船舶浮态的控制方法

针对巴拿马运河当局对过运河船舶最大吃水的限制,阐述了装货港与巴拿马运河两地舷外水密度差异以及船舶途中油水消耗对船舶吃水和吃水差的改变量.提出了一种在装货港预置吃水差以控制船舶在通过巴拿马运河时的浮态,从而确保船舶顺利通过巴拿马运河的配载方法;经数十艘过巴拿马运河船舶的实践可以证明,该方法是准确可靠的.     

巴拿马运河调整收费带来的影响分析

回顾巴拿马运河通行费的调整历程,分析巴拿马运河管理局最新收费调整提案以及提案对运河自身、全球承运人和托运人以至全球贸易带来的影响,并指出当前利益相关者需要关注的问题。     

Widening the Panama Canal and U.S. ports: historical and economic impact analyses

ABSTRACT

The economic history of the U.S. illustrates how the role of many cities has been changed by being seaports or located on navigable rivers or lakes. Based on the widening of the Panama Canal in 2016, the West Coast ports that include the west coast seaports of California, Oregon, and Washington were expected to become less important, while the freight shares of the East Coast and Gulf ports would increase. By how much it has been not easy to measure or predict so far, but this study attempted to define some of the key parameters in the measurement. As well as several relevant background topics, both the demand- and supply-side versions of the National Interstate Economic Model, have been applied for the measurement of economic impacts. U.S. port authorities and policy makers at the local and national levels who respond and develop plans for coping with the new realities of the Panama Canal are able to understand the extent to which changes in shippers’ and land-mode transporters’ behaviors would undermine the logistics and the costs of their activities. Therefore, this study is important for a diverse spectrum of port development strategies in the U.S. to respond to the Canal expansion.     

British Shipping and World Competition[1] revisited

The object of my book British Shipping and World Competitionwas to answer the question: 'Why has the tonnage of ships registered in the United Kingdom declined from over 45% of the world total in 1900 to about 16% of that total in 1960?'. There was never any normative element to this question, a point which has been much misunderstood. In answering the question, two different methodologies were used. Chapters II through VIII are industrial economic history, whereas Chapters IX through XIV are applied economics. When the two groups are thought of as siblings, not as Siamese twins, it can be seen that the first group has worn rather well, but that the applied economics chapters have a distinctly dated air. Most of this article is concerned with the applied economics chapters, where I try to examine what is said in the book in the light of my subsequent experience and thinking. There is one absolutely gross error in the material. Unfortunately, this is implicitly reflected in the Code of Conduct and in the EC Maritime Regulations. The original answer to the question has been rephrased in the article; I hope this will put to rest the idea that the question was normative in intent. The rephrasing does not alter the answer: the decline which needed to be accounted for can be explained solely in terms of internal constraints. The remainder was a 'natural' result of changing international patterns in resource allocation.     

Understanding the ocean container market—a seven country study [1]

Carrier selection criteria have been an issue in carrier marketing since the 1970s. Investigator location and interest has usually limited customer surveys to one geographic market. Market characteristics—differing purchase and service characteristics—have led to model seperation in the studies undertaken and sample size has constrained most researchers to reporting results as though customers were homogeneous in their needs. This has resulted in price versus service debates with conflicting conclusions. This paper explores the differences in the importance of various ocean container carrier selection criteria on the North Atlantic route for discrete geographic and customer segments. The paper reviewss the carrier selection literature and notes that carrier selection research to date has generally suffered from one or more of three problems: (1) because the research has focused on criteria 'importance', it has not identified determinants of purchase behaviour, that is, the 'salience' of different criteria; (2) the research has had sample size problems leading to the need to assume that the market is homogeneous or, less acceptable, that importance ratings will identify usable segments via factor analysis; and (3) carrier perfomance evaluation in conjucation with determinant criteria has largely been ignored. The paper focused on the problems surrounding the second of these by evaluating the relative importance of various service attributes for different geographic and customer dimensions. The paper concludes that the market is definitely not homogeneous in its requirements of carriers and that different elements surface as important both in identifiable geographical markets and customer groups. It also draws a number of conclusions about carrier choice in future and the implications for academic research.     

火炮身管直线度检测与寿命判定

火炮身管由于自重、材料热胀冷缩等因素引起弯曲,对火炮的射击精度造成一定的影响。当身管弯曲到一定程度时,导致火炮身管寿命终止。利用基于PSD传感技术的检测系统测量出火炮身管直线度,再对身管内直度径规长度的身管直线度进行理论分析,两者进行对比,从而对身管弯曲引起的火炮寿命终止判据进行了量化。     

The role of training in developing entrepreneurship: the case of shipping in Italy [1]

This paper examines the role of management training on entrepreneurial development paths of a sample of small and medium-sized Italian shipping enterprises. Starting with an analysis of evolutionary dynamics at the international level and highlighting the peculiarities of shipping in Italy, this paper reveals teh importance of firm-specific factors, compared with country-specific factors, in determining the competitiveness of shipping companies. In such enterprises the entrepreneur's role and his/her level of entrepreneurial culture play an important part in conditioning developing paths. On the basis of the results from an empirical survey, thee study in question suggests several implications for implementing policies aimed at increasing the level of entrepreneurial culture by means of selective, diversified interventions in management training so as to develop the factors required by the firm to recover competitiveness.