Cyclostationary property based spectrum sensing algorithms for primary detection in cognitive radio systems

To implement the primary signal without interference in cognitive radio systems, cognitive radios can detect the presence of the primary user in low SNR. Currently, energy detector is the most common way of spectrum sensing because of its low computational complexity. However, performance of the method will be possibly degraded due to the uncertainty noise. This paper illustrates the benefits of one-order and two-order cyclostationary properties of primary user’s signals in time domain. These feature detection techniques in time domain possess the advantages of simple structure and low computational complexity comparing with spectral feature detection methods. Furthermore, performance of the one-order and two-order feature detection is studied and the analytical results are given. Our analysis and numerical results show that the sensing performance of the one-order feature detection is improved significantly comparing with conventional energy detector since it is robust to noise. Meanwhile, numerical results show that the two-order feature detection technique is better than the one-order feature detection. However, this benefit comes at the cost of hardware burdens and power consumption due to the additional multiplying algorithm.     

BLIND DIFFERENTIAL ADAPTIVE MULTIUSER DETECTION

IntroductionThe problem of combating multi- access interfer-ence ( MAI) in CDMA systems has receivedgreat attention recently[1～ 3] . In Ref. [4 ] ,M.Honig employed a blind adaptive multiuser de-tector based on the minimization of mean- out-put- energy( MOE) to overcome MAI,and itre-quired no more knowledge than did the conven-tional single- user receiver.Surplus energy wasemployed to suppress the effects of multi- accessinterference and thus provided an optimal detec-tion solution. The…     

Preliminary Application of Scale Transformation Stochastic Resonance in Dual-Sequence Frequency Hopping System

Aiming at the detection failure of strong noise interference in the dual channel of the dual-sequence frequency hopping(DSFH), the scale transformation stochastic resonance(STSR) is applied for the first time,and the output signal to noise ratio(SNR) is raised effectively, at the same time, the symbol reception is completed for DSFH at low input SNR. Firstly, the radio frequency(RF) and intermediate frequency(IF) signals are analyzed based on the super-heterodyne reception of DSFH; secondly, the equations of probability density function(PDF), output power spectrum and SNR of the STSR output are derived for the IF signal; finally, the algorithm of the optimal matching STSR is proposed with the optimal matching parameters. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the detection failure, as the global output SNR of DSFH is strongly improved that the output SNR can reach-17.72 d B when the input SNR is-20 d B after the processing of the optimal matching STSR.     

基于全卷积神经网络的机车信号降噪

机车信号从钢轨提取轨道电路信号作为行车凭证，其译码输出性能对列控系统的可靠性和安全性有直接影响. 但列车运行过程中，机车信号不可避免地混入大量噪声和干扰，译码前需要降噪以提高准确性. 为此，提出一种基于全卷积神经网络（fully?convolutionalnetworks,?FCN）的机车信号降噪方法，该方法利用基于原始波形“端到端”处理方式的FCN，直接从时域对机车信号进行降噪处理，以提高信噪比（signal-to-noise?ratio，SNR）；并利用仿真和实测数据对本方法进行了实验. 结果表明:相较于传统基于频谱的滤波方法，本方法对带内干扰有更显著的效果，采用FCN能使机车信号信噪比提高8～14 dB，可有效降低带内噪声.      

面向系统级能耗优化的无线实时网络系统任务调度机制

传统的能耗优化方法通常利用CPU的DVFS协议以及射频通信休眠调度来减少耗能。却很少有工作在对系统任务负载的调度和运行模式分配的同时考虑计算/通信两个子系统对能耗的综合优化。此外,传统的能耗优化机制通常只考虑系统的总能耗最优,而忽略了系统中个别节点能源耗尽对网络连通性所产生的影响。提出一种以系统寿命最大化为目标的任务调度和工作模式分配机制。该机制根据任务的实时性约束条件和节点的剩余能量调度任务,通过控制DVFS协议给子任务设定工作频率,同时利用射频休眠调度来实现系统能耗和寿命的折中平衡。仿真实验的结果表明,任务调度与分配算法在无线嵌入式网络系统的能耗和寿命表现上优于传统的方法。     

基于干扰对准的LTE上行虚拟MIMO系统

提出在LTE上行采用2×2模式的虚拟MIMO（VirtualMIMO,V—MIMO）系统,即一个两天线的基站同时支持两个单天线的用户,并在此基础上,提出一种基于传输延时的干扰对准算法．这种算法将基站的双天线的接收信号按照奇、偶时隙分离,从而将期望信号与干扰信号分离．应用本文算法一个两天线的基站可以支持3个甚至4个用户同时接入LTE网络的上行链路．     

基于ZIGBEE的高速公路车辆间通信技术研究

分析了ZigBee技术用于高速公路车辆间通信系统时,针对高速公路的空旷环境、车辆的快速移动性等特点所产生的主要影响因素：传输距离、终端移动速度（车速）、多节点组网、对向车辆信号干扰等.对这些因素进行数学建模,分析其对车辆间通信系统产生的影响,基于CC2430芯片完成了ZigBee点对点通信.在固定发射频率和改变发射频率两种情况下进行了传输距离的测试实验,验证了接收功率与发射功率和传输距离的关系.     

小波滤波器在弱信号检测中的应用及设计

根据小波变换的多尺度分解特性,构造了一种小波能量积累器,将不同分解尺度上的能量进行积累。在此基础上设计了一种用于弱信号检测的小波能量检测法,并对低信噪比信号的检测进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明,该检测法对低信噪比信号是比较有效的,而且与传统的脉内累加平均的信号检测方法相比,文中提出的信号检测方法具有一定的优越性。     

一种新的循环谱统计量频谱感知算法

为了提高认知无线电中感知用户对授权用户（主用户）的检测概率,提出一种新的基于循环谱统计量的主用户信号检测算法．该算法利用循环谱离散频域平滑方法,对信号的循环谱在循环频率处建立合理的检测统计量,然后求解得到对应不同虚警概率的判决门限,以使感知用户能检测信噪比更低的授权用户信号．该算法具有检测结构简单,易实现的特点．仿真结果表明,在高斯白噪声信道中,虚警概率为0．1,频域平滑累积次数为255,在信噪比为-16dB的条件下,与Dandawate-Giannakis（DG）方法相比,本文算法的检测概率提高23％．     

A novel vertical handoff algorithm based on fuzzy logic in aid of grey prediction theory in wireless heterogeneous networks

To coordinate the various access technologies in the 4G communication system, intelligent vertical handoff algorithms are required. This paper mainly deals with a novel vertical handoff decision algorithm based on fuzzy logic with the aid of grey theory and dynamic weights adaptation. The grey prediction theory (GPT) takes 4 sampled received signal strengths as input parameters, and calculates the predicted received signal strength in order to reduce the call dropping probability. The fuzzy logic theory based quantitative decision algorithm takes 3 quality of service (QoS) metric, received signal strength (RSS), available bandwidth (BW), and monetary cost (MC) of candidate networks as input parameters. The weight of each QoS metrics is adjusted along with the networks changing to trace the network condition. The final optimized vertical handoff decision is made by comparing the quantitative decision values of the candidate networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides high performance in heterogeneous as well as homogeneous network environments.     

基于能量与功率控制的TopDisc拓扑算法研究

拓扑控制是无线传感器网络的一个重要研究方向,选择良好的拓扑控制机制,能够提高网络通信效率并延长网络的生命周期。在TopDisc算法的基础上,提出了一种基于能量与功率控制的拓扑控制算法,在能量的引导下,通过调整节点的发射功率,生成更适合的网络拓扑结构。仿真实验结果表明改进的算法形成的簇的交叠更少,网络的生存时间更长。     

LAPPED TRANSFORM DOMAIN INTERFERENCE EXCISION USING MODIFIED MEDIAN FILTER

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区域计算机联锁系统站间安全通信研究

区域联锁系统是实现铁路相邻车站集中控制功能的安全相关信号控制系统,站间安全通信是区域联锁系统安全性保证的一个至关重要的环节,本文分析了站间通信中潜在的危害,针对每种危害提出可行的安全防范措施,并描述了在区域联锁系统中如何实现安全相关传输功能,进而实现安全完善度等级4的站间安全通信.     

基于简化差分相干积累的北斗B1频点信号精捕获算法

北斗卫星信号的捕获速度、灵敏度及精度将直接影响接收机的性能指标.本文提出了一种提高北斗导航卫星B1频点信号检测信噪比的精捕获算法,该算法基于简化差分相干积累（SDCI）的短时匹配滤波器（STMF）和快速傅里叶变换（FFT）运算（STMF-FFT）.为了保证在降低FFT运算量和提高信号检测概率的条件下,获得更精确的多普勒频率估计,采用逼近效果较好的切比雪夫线性最小二乘曲线拟合法得到多普勒频移的精确化估计值.理论分析和仿真验证表明：本文提出的SDCI算法比非相干积累算法获得的检测信噪比高约3.2 dB.     

全双工中继选择策略的性能研究

为了提高协同通信系统的频谱效率,对全双工中继通信系统进行了研究.首先,介绍了传统的主动机会中继策略和最优的全双工中继选择策略,并在最优全双工中继选择策略的基础上提出了增强型全双工中继选择策略;其次,分析了主动机会中继选择策略应用在全双工中继网络中的中断性能,推导了3种策略中断概率的闭式精确结果和高信噪比(SNR)下的近似逼近结果;最后,通过数值仿真分析验证了理论推导结果的正确性.研究结果表明:在高SNR范围时,最优全双工中继选择策略和主动机会中继选择策略的中断性能趋于平台效应;增强型全双工中继选择策略的中断性能会随着SNR的增大而一直提高,且增强型全双工中继选择策略的中断性能明显最优,主动机会中继选择策略的性能最差.      

基于MSP430的倒计时交通信号控制器设计

太阳能供电的交通信号控制器对光照的依赖性较大,基于MSP430超低功耗微控制芯片,设计了一种低成本、低功耗的倒计时交通信号控制器,并通过RS—232串口实现和上位机的联网通讯.实验结果表明：本系统控制信号灯稳定可靠,功耗超低,可用于太阳能供电的环境.     

基于金字塔多尺度融合的交通标志检测算法

为了解决传统交通标志检测算法针对小目标交通标志检测时存在误检与漏检的问题,提出了一个基于金字塔多尺度融合的交通标志检测算法;为了提高算法对交通标志的特征提取能力,引入ResNet残差结构搭建算法的主干网络,并增加网络浅层卷积层数,以提取较小尺度交通标志目标更准确的语义信息;基于特征金字塔结构的思想,在检测结构中引入4个不同预测尺度,增强深层和浅层特征融合;为了进一步提高算法检测精度,引入GIoU损失函数定位交通标志的锚点框,利用k-means算法对交通标志标签信息进行聚类分析并生成更精准的先验框;为了验证算法的泛化性与解决试验所用数据集TT100K的类间不平衡问题,增强与扩充了数据集。试验结果表明:本文算法的精确率、召回率与平均精度均值分别达到了86.7%、89.4%与87.9%,与传统目标检测算法相比有显著提高;多尺度融合检测机制、GIoU损失函数与k-means的引入能够不同程度提高算法的检测性能,使算法检测精确率分别提升4.7%、1.8%与1.2%;提出算法针对不同尺度交通标志检测时均有更优越的性能表现,在TT100K数据集中的(0, 32]、(32, 96]与(96, 400]尺度下的检测召回率分别达到90%、93%与88%;与YOLOv3相比,提出算法在不同天气、噪声与几何变换等干扰下均能实现对交通标志的正确定位与分类,证明了提出算法具有良好的鲁棒性与泛化性,适用于道路交通标志检测。      

Magnetic Tile Surface Defect Detection Based on Texture Feature Clustering

In the field of magnetic tile surface detection, artificial detection efficiency is low, and the traditional image segmentation algorithm cannot show good performance when the gray scale of the magnetic tile itself is small, or the image is affected by uneven illumination. In view of these questions, this paper puts forward a new clustering segmentation algorithm based on texture feature. This algorithm uses Gabor function spectra to represent magnetic tile surface texture and then uses a user-defined local product coefficient to modify Gabor energy spectra to get the center number of fuzzy C-means(FCM) clustering. Moreover, the user-defined Gabor energy spectra image is segmented by clustering algorithm. Finally, it extracts the magnetic tile surface defects according to the changes of regional gray characteristics. Experiments show that the algorithm effectively overcomes the noise interference and makes a good performance on accuracy and robustness, which can effectively detect crack,damage, pit and other defects on the magnetic tile surface.     

基于无线通信的心电生理信号远程监护系统

为协助医师分析药物疗效和全面监控病人的康复过程,设计了移动医疗监护系统.该系统以生理信号之一的心电信号为例,基于无线通信技术进行监护终端的信号采集,使用高精度心电传感器通过ARM芯片控制心电信号采集,并利用GPRS网络和Internet网络将数据进行远程无线传输;在社区医院或远程监护中心,基于SOCKET套接字的网络应用程序,建立友好的可视化操作界面,在监护中心以SQL数据库对患者库和心电信息库进行组织和管理.对该系统进行了仿真实验,仿真结果显示,心电传感器采样频率为200 Hz时,满足奈奎斯特采样定理,采样精度达到了5 mV,能够将心电P、Q、R、S、T波形准确采样;使用ARM处理器可以高性能、低功耗、实时地对心电生理信号进行分析、报警;系统提供的心电波形回放和QRS波形检测等功能,可以扩展为相应的生理信号监护系统.      

Switching between antenna subset selection and quasi-orthogonal space-time block code in presence of correlation

We address the problem of adaptive modulation and coding scheme (AMCS) for a multi-input multioutput (MIMO) system in presence of time-varying transmitting correlation. Antenna subset selection and quasiorthogonal space-time block code (QOSTBC) have different error performances with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and in different spatial correlation scenarios. The error performance can be improved by selecting an appropriate transmission scheme to adapt to various channel conditions. The maximum distance criterion is the simplest and very effective algorithm for the antenna subset selection without needs of complex calculation and channel state information at transmitter (CSIT). The minimum error performance criteria and the simplified linear decision strategy are developed for constant transmission rate traffic to select the optimal transmission scheme. It can dramatically decrease algorithm complexity for obtaining error probability according to the known quantities comparing with using instant CSIT. Simulation results show that, remarkable performances including low SNR and weak spatial correlation at the expense of simple calculation and almost no bandwidth loss by adopting AMCS can be achieved. The proposed AMCS improves robustness of slowly varying spatial correlated channels.