A process-centric ship design management framework

As the concept of concurrent engineering has emerged along with support for optimization techniques, lots of endeavors have been made to apply optimization techniques to real design problems for holistic decision-making. Even if the range of design problems to which optimization is applicable has been extended, most ship designs use an iterative and manual approach due to the difficulties of seamless integration of all related design activities. This paper proposes a process-centric management framework for the preliminary ship design process depending on these approaches. Requirements for the framework are generated based on the features of the ship design process first. The proposed framework consists of both process scheduling and process management parts. Each of these modules is divided into submodules, and the modules and their interactions are elaborated to reflect actual design practice. The designed framework is embodied within a workflow system and its usefulness examined through a pilot project.     

Intelligent Tools Used in the Design of Navy Ships

The first step in implementing an intelligent ship is designing the ship intelligently. Naval ship design is becoming an interactive process where designers on different sites can work collaboratively and simultaneously, connected through virtual design environments. In this paper we introduce two such design environments. The first is an immersive, virtual reality environment enabling rapid design of ship space arrangements, exploration of Human System Integration issues, and reduced cost of test and evaluation through the use of modeling and simulation. The second is a systems engineering application capable of evaluating the benefit of spiral technology insertions, identifying areas for research and development investment, and evaluating the performance, risk, and affordability of proposed technologies in current and future ship systems, by conducting trade space analysis and optimization. Applications of these tools will be discussed.     

Hybrid Electric Drive for DDG-51 Class Destroyers

The first of the Arleigh Burke class destroyers is nearing its mid-life. This class of ships was designed during the late 1970s through the 1980s to meet the threats that were prevalent at that time. Since entering service in 1991, these ships have shown themselves to be extremely versatile and the class now consists of nearly 60 ships in service. Their combat systems have been continually upgraded and adapted to meet the new threats the United States faces today. However, in order to keep these platforms viable throughout the first half of the 21st century, their operating costs must be reduced. Manpower, maintenance, and fuel are three of the top operating cost drivers. Most surface combatants spend very little of their underway time operating at full speed or even close to that. Over 1/3 of their underway time is spent at 12 knots and under. This is less than half of their maximum speed and only a fraction of the maximum power owing to the cubic speed–power relationship. Although the existing mechanical drive system is reasonably efficient, the main gas turbines are extremely inefficient at these very low power levels. A shaft-mounted auxiliary electric propulsion system (EPS) can take advantage of excess capacity in the ship service generators to reduce the main engine operating hours. Enabling bi-directional power flow from this auxiliary electric drive will provide additional generation capacity for ship service loads at a modest additional cost. It also provides a "cross-connect" capability from one shaft to the other. This paper will explore one prospect for reducing the operating cost of the DDG-51 class of ships by installing an auxiliary EPS that would powered by the ship service electrical plant. This additional system would serve to reduce both underway fuel usage as well as maintenance on the gas turbine main engines by reducing the number of operating hours on each engine. We will examine the technology trade-offs in this ongoing study.     

基于多维多项式混沌展开法的船舶不确定性优化设计

以船舶不确定性优化设计为对象,分析考虑多个随机变量对优化目标和约束的影响,提出一种基于多维多项式混沌展开法(PCE)的船舶不确定性优化设计,并将其应用于散货船工程优化实例中,保证船舶的稳健性和可靠性。     

Prediction of ship steering capabilities with a fully nonlinear ship motion model. Part 1: Maneuvering in calm water

This paper introduces a new method for the prediction of ship maneuvering capabilities. The new method is added to a nonlinear six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion model named the digital, self-consistent ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL). Based on the first principles of physics, when the ship is steered, the additional surge and sway forces and the yaw moment from the deflected rudder are computed. The rudder forces and moments are computed using rudder parameters such as the rudder area and the local flow velocity at the rudder, which includes contributions from the ship velocity and the propeller slipstream. The rudder forces and moments are added to the forces and moments on the hull, which are used to predict the motion of the ship in DiSSEL. The resulting motions of the ship influence the inflow into the rudder and thereby influence the force and moment on the rudder at each time step. The roll moment and resulting heel angle on the ship as it maneuvers are also predicted. Calm water turning circle predictions are presented and correlated with model test data for NSWCCD model 5514, a pre-contract DDG-51 hull form. Good correlations are shown for both the turning circle track and the heel angle of the model during the turn. The prediction for a ship maneuvering in incident waves will be presented in Part 2. DiSSEL can be applied for any arbitrary hull geometry. No empirical parameterization is used, except for the influence of the propeller slipstream on the rudder, which is included using a flow acceleration factor.     

舰船性能化防火设计的分析研究

简述了舰船性能化防火设计的概念,提出了其主要实施步骤,并对舰船性能化防火设计中火灾场景的设定、火灾计算工具的选择及性能化标准作了分析研究.     

船舶碰撞机理与耐撞性结构设计研究综述

研究船舶碰撞和触底事故的机理,以及如何提高船舶结构耐撞性是船舶碰撞研究领域的热点.文章介绍了解析法、数值仿真技术和风险分析法的发展与应用特点,阐述了近些年来船舶碰撞、船舶触底、缓冲船首设计、船桥碰撞和船舶与海洋平台碰撞等领域的研究成果,列举了一些降低船舶碰撞和触底事故风险的新型结构设计,并对今后的研究方向提出了若干建议.     

船舶设计中的项目管理模式探讨

项目管理作为以项目为对象的系统管理方法,已在工程建设中得到普遍应用和发展,而应用于工程设计在我国还不普遍,船舶设计行业尚处于探索、总结和完善阶段.根据工程设计管理模式的变化,结合708研究所在多型船舶设计实施设计项目管理的情况,对船舶设计实施项目管理进行探讨,有利于提高项目质量,降低成本,提高设计院的竞争力.     

Towards a short time “feature-based costing” for ship design

Cost is perhaps the most influential factor in the outcome of a product or service within many of today’s industries. Cost assessment during the early stage of ship design is crucial. It influences the go, no-go decision concerning a new development. Cost assessment occurs at various stages of ship design development. Economic evaluation as early as possible, in the design phase, is therefore vital to find the best pricefunction compromise for the ship projects. The authors have developed a feature-based costing model for cost effectiveness measurements intended to be used by ship designers for the real time control of cost process. The outcome is that corrective actions can be taken by management in a rather short time to actually improve or overcome predicted unfavourable performance.     

水面舰艇防空反导作战效能的评估方法

评估水面舰艇防空反导作战效能,有助于对抗敌空中目标威胁。通过对其评估过程的研究,建立了水面舰艇防空反导作战效能指标,利用了指标量化分析方法,对相应的评估工具进行了分析。     

水面舰船声隐身性能影响作战效能的因素初探

为了明确水面舰船声隐身性能对作战效能的影响因素,分析了水面舰船面临的水声威胁和声隐身设计特点,给出了水面舰船水声对抗效能初步估算方法,明确了水面舰船声隐身设计的工作方向,并为声隐身作战效能评估体系的构建奠定了基础。     

基于工程变更返工风险的船舶建造工序优化模型

针对传统进度管理工具在反映工程变更(EC)造成的返工问题方面的不足,结合工序的工作流和信息流,建立EC返工风险矩阵,反映工程变更时工序间的信息交互情况.建立基于EC返工风险矩阵的关键工序优化模型,根据工序时间和返工风险区别对待各工序,采用遗传算法,以总协调时间最小为目标函数,实现EC返工风险下的关键工序最优排序,最大程度地避免返工循环.以某船厂的船舶建造流程为背景,采用MATLAB软件进行仿真分析,验证所建模型对工序优化的有效性.     

舰炮武器系统作战效能分析研究

为了更有效地进行舰炮武器系统作战效能的研究,文章介绍了武器系统作战效能的概念和一种分析计算方法。分析了影响舰炮武器系统作战效能的各种因素,并针对一种典型的作战环境对某一舰炮武器系统的作战效能进行了计算。最后指出了现在舰炮武器系统作战效能研究的薄弱领域,对某些领域的研究方向提出了建议性意见。     

船舶结构理性设计方法热点问题与展望

介绍了船舶结构理性设计方法的理念、特点和意义,解释了它与传统的单纯依赖于设计者的经验或规范的设计方法的区别与优势。针对理性设计方法的基于计算机辅助计算和优化策略与算法的特点介绍该设计方法在应用中存在的问题,包括计算成本较大以及参数化建模困难等。并针对这些问题对国内外开展的相关研究及其进展进行了总结。最后,展望了船舶结构理性设计方法在船舶设计领域的应用前景。     

美海军DDG-1000全舰计算环境体系结构探析

作为美海军新型多任务驱逐舰DDG-1000的关键技术之一,全舰计算环境(TSCE)代表了舰船信息系统集成技术的先进水平,带来了舰船系统设计和集成方式的变化。在描述TSCE的项目背景、系统概况、技术架构、任务系统以及海军开放式体系结构(OA)等的基础上,分析全舰计算环境基础设施(TSCE-I)的结构和组成,包括数据处理、适配、人机接口、网络等基础设施,以及实现面向服务架构(SOA)的相关技术权衡,得出公共计算服务环境是未来舰船提高综合作战能力和信息化水平的有效手段。并根据分析研究,提出了开展TSCE研制必须突破的几项主要关键技术。     

基于51单片机的CAN总线转串口通信卡的设计与实现

针对舰船设备间通信,设计一种以51单片机为核心的CAN总线和RS-422串口的适配卡。对比分析了CAN总线和RS-422串口的通信特点,介绍了板卡硬件电路设计,并对软件的设计思路与流程做了详尽描述,并附相关代码。系统可靠性高,实时性好。     

舰艇驾驶室设计验证及评价方法研究

针对设备布置复杂、操作性要求高的舰艇驾驶室,本文提出了运用虚拟视景仿真和实尺模型技术来验证和评价其人机工程设计的方法。实践证明,这是一种有效的辅助设计手段,加快了其设计方案的决策过程。同时增强了未来使用方和建造方参与设计的机会,从而推进和改善了实船驾驶室人-机-环境的设计能力。     

Scantling multi-objective optimisation of a LNG carrier

Numerous real-world problems related to ship design can be solved by various alternatives. However, the scantling design has conflicting objectives such as minimum production cost, minimum weight and maximum moment of inertia (stiffness). Therefore a multi-purpose solution had to be settled in order to meet all these requirements at once. Ship design is a complex endeavour requiring successful coordination of many different disciplines, both technical and non-technical. Basic design is the least defined stage of the ship design process and seeks to define the optimal amidships section structure. For that purpose, recent improvements have been made to a numerical tool in order to optimise the scantling of ship sections by considering production cost, weight and moment of inertia in the optimisation objective function. A multi-criteria optimisation of a LNG carrier is conducted in this paper to illustrate the analysis process. Pareto frontiers are obtained and results have been validated by the Bureau Veritas rules. The methodology presented in this paper has demonstrated its effectiveness in optimising scantling of ships at a very early design stage thanks to a management of critical problems usually studied at a later stage of the design.     

船舶并联式油电混合动力系统设计

随着绿色环保概理念日益深入人心和世界各国对船舶污染物排放标准提高,船舶设计人员正寻求各种方法减少柴油消耗量和排放,油电混合动力船舶结合柴油机推进船和电推船的特点,其在节能减排和降噪方面具有明显优势。本文将并联式油电混合动力系统应用于嘉陵江水域的公务艇,为了提升系统转矩合成器的性能,设计中将行星齿轮内置于合成器中,同时将逻辑门限制控制策略对整个动力系统进行控制管理,有效的发挥了系统的效能。根据计算结果表明,设计船的运行成本和污染物排放量相对同等船型将低了8.6%和10.48%,节能减排效果明显。     

内河多工况船机桨匹配优化设计

[目的]内河船舶在航行时存在顺水、逆水和急流等多种工况,传统的内河船舶船?机?桨匹配设计方法仅对船舶在逆水上行时进行了匹配设计,而在顺水下行工况,因船舶推进效率低、主机利用率低,造成油耗成本高、经济性较差等,因此需进行多工况内河船舶船?机?桨匹配优化设计.[方法]首先,在不同工况下对内河船舶推进系统的各参数进行设计,并...