双层消浪平台斜坡式护岸的波浪作用试验研究

文中在水槽中构建不同护肩块体的双层消浪平台斜坡式护岸二维物理模型,对其波浪作用效应进行了测试分析研究,探讨了消浪平台不同开孔率时的浮托力变化,以及不同护肩型式消浪效果的差异。本论文处理数据采用同步记录各测点的方式,提取合力最大时刻的各测点压强进行分析。给出了一级消浪平台四种开孔率变化对一级消浪平台浮托力和3#胸墙波浪力的影响曲线,分析得到消浪平台附近水位是影响波压力的重要因素。研究结果表明：增大消浪平台开孔率可以有效降低平台面板的浮托力,3#胸墙波浪力在开孔率从5%变为15%时有较明显降低,从15%开大到30%时,3#胸墙波浪力无明显变化。作为人工护肩块体,网箱比八字块体消浪作用更好,可以使3#胸墙波浪力减小40%~50%。     

不规则波作用下码头结构对波浪上托力的影响

通过模型试验,对开缝板、开孔板、桩帽及靠船构件、桩基等不同码头结构的面板上波浪上托力的影响进行研究。试验结果表明,不规则波作用下面板开缝结构对波浪上托力有一定影响,开缝比较大时能相应地减小波浪力;桩帽及靠船构件的存在使得超高比较大,波浪难以冲击到面板上时,波浪上托力仍然能保持相当大的值;而面板上开孔结构、码头桩基对波浪上托力没有明确的影响。据此结果,对工程设计提出相应建议。     

波浪作用下开孔混凝土护面板浮托力研究

在混凝土护面板上开孔可增大护面层的渗透系数、减小浮托力、增强整体稳定性。通过不规则波系列试验,研究了波坦、坡度、伊里巴伦数、开孔率对混凝土护面板相对净浮托力大小的影响,分析了相对净浮托力的作用深度、分布情况。对于不开孔混凝土板,相对净浮托力随波高和波长的增大都有减小的趋势;对于开孔的混凝土板,相对净浮托力随开孔率的增大线性减小。在此研究基础上给出了最大相对净浮托力计算公式,并与前人公式进行了比较。     

开孔沉箱消浪性能试验研究

开孔沉箱的开孔率是影响其消浪性能的重要参数,迎浪面上的开孔范围也会影响开孔沉箱的消浪性能。通过物理模型试验,测量了不同开孔率情况下开孔沉箱前的波高,采用多点法分析了波浪反射系数,研究了其消浪效果,给出了波浪反射系数与沉箱开孔率之间相互关系的试验结果;同时,通过试验研究了开孔沉箱的开孔区域上下端距静水位高度对沉箱消浪性能的影响,对比了两种不同开孔沉箱断面宽度情况下波浪反射系数。     

波浪作用下开孔混凝土护面板稳定性研究

在混凝土护面板上开孔,一方面可增大与坡面的摩阻力,提高抗滑性能;另一方面增大了护面层的渗透系数,增强了面板的整体稳定性。通过不规则波系列试验,对不同开孔率混凝土护面板稳定性的影响因素进行了研究,提出了稳定厚度计算公式,并与现行规范的混凝土板和栅栏板稳定厚度公式进行了对比。该公式具有较好精度,可为工程设计提供参考依据。     

开孔率对明基床上开孔沉箱规则波反射系数影响的数值研究

借助数值方法建立波浪水槽,扩大开孔率的取值范围(μ=0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5,其中0.2和0.4为物理模型试验工况),开展了规则波与可渗明基床上开孔沉箱相互作用的数学模型试验,研究开孔率μ与开孔沉箱前波浪反射系数K_r之间的关系。结果表明:当开孔率μ小于0.2时,随着μ的逐渐增大,K_r逐渐减小,不满足物模试验拟合的经验关系式的趋势;当开孔率μ在0.2与0.4之间时,数模值K_r与物模值K_r吻合良好,满足物模试验拟合的经验关系式的趋势;当开孔率μ大于0.4时,随着μ的逐渐增大,K_r逐渐增大,满足物模试验拟合的经验关系式的趋势。     

明基床上开孔沉箱不规则波水平力试验研究

通过不规则波作用下明基床上开孔沉箱的波浪力物模试验,并综合考虑消浪室相对宽度、相对基床高度、波陡、相对水深、开孔率等影响因素,采用多元回归的方法,拟合给出开孔沉箱所受波浪总垂直力极值时刻对应的总水平力的计算关系式。经对比分析,计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

准椭圆沉箱开孔结构与波浪作用相互影响的数值研究

为探索规则波作用下开孔结构对准椭圆沉箱与波浪相互作用的影响,基于有限差分方法并结合VOF方法与部分单元体方法建立三维时域数值计算模型,对数值模型进行验证并应用于研究波浪与沉箱结构之间的相互作用,分析开孔结构对水平波浪力以及群墩效应系数的影响.研究结果表明,与不开孔沉箱结构相比,开孔准椭圆沉箱的水平波浪力与群墩效应系数均...     

含开孔裙板之圆柱形浮标波浪力研究

基于线性波理论,应用匹配双特征函数展开法建立了含开孔裙板之圆柱形浮标一阶波浪力和力矩的半解析计算模型。该计算模型还可推广应用于无裙板之圆柱形浮标或水面垂直漂浮圆柱体、淹没垂直圆柱体及淹没开孔/实心圆形垂荡板。为了验证计算程序的正确性,将作用在淹没开孔/实心圆形垂荡板上的垂向波浪力与文献的半解析结果进行了比较,结果吻合很好。薄板的开孔影响系数随开孔率增大而变大,讨论了开孔率对作用在淹没圆形开孔垂荡板及含开孔裙板之圆柱形浮标上一阶波浪力和力矩的影响。结果表明,作用在淹没垂荡板上的垂向波浪力和力矩随着开孔率的增大而减小;而作用在含裙板之圆柱形浮标上的垂向波浪力则随开孔率的增大而增大。裙板开孔率对含裙板之圆柱形浮标上力矩的影响要大于对波浪力的影响。     

不同上部结构开孔沉箱的消浪效果与波浪力研究*

通过参考烟台某港区码头开孔沉箱形式,利用1∶35的波浪断面物理模型研究双柱块体上部结构和侧开孔上部结构开孔沉箱的消浪效果和波浪冲击荷载。结果表明：在相同波浪条件下,开孔沉箱开孔率增加的消浪效果好于双柱消浪块体;波浪与双柱块体上部结构开孔沉箱的波压力最大处区域在开孔下方,而侧开孔上部结构开孔沉箱的波压力最大区域在开孔处附近;双柱块体上部结构开孔沉箱所受波浪力主要受静水位影响,而侧开孔上部结构开孔沉箱所受波浪力主要受波面对开孔的淹没程度影响。     

不规则波对平板冲击作用数值模拟研究

文章采用数值模拟方法,建立了基于FLUENT软件的二维不规则波浪数值模型,探讨了波浪对水平板结构的作用机理.模型中采用RANS方程和标准k-ε方程,采用VOF方法重建自由液面.通过数值模拟复演了波浪冲击水平板结构的过程,将数值模拟结果与实验数据进行比较,验证了模型的可靠性.经过计算和分析,研究了波浪冲击平板过程中的冲击压力和流场特性,得到了冲击压力和流场的分布规律.分析了波陡,净空及板宽等参数对冲击压力和流场的影响.最后,给出了波浪冲击压力与相应水质点垂直速度间的统计关系,并对河海大学原有冲击压力的计算公式进行了改进,提出了新的冲击压力公式.研究结果表明:冲击压力峰值与相应的水质点垂直速度的平方成正比,修正后的冲击压力公式更为合理、可行.论文工作将对准确预测冲击载荷,掌握更多的冲击机理具有重要意义.     

规则波作用下近岸透空式结构物的波浪上托力研究

基于对透空码头结构物波浪上托力研究现状的分析,运用垂向二维CFD数值波浪水槽建立模拟规则波作用下水平板波浪上托力的数值模型.通过物理模型和数值模型所获波浪压力结果的对比分析,总结平板底部流场和测点压强的分布特点,探讨不同周期波浪的最大冲击压强随波浪相对超高变化的规律.试验结果表明,规则波作用下波浪上托力的数值模拟结果与...     

Processing method and governing parameters for horizontal wave impact loads on a semi-submersible

Semi-submersible platform has been widely used in offshore oil exploitation due to its excellent performance, but can be attacked by wave impact loads in extreme ocean environments. Determining wave impact loads accurately is of great significance to the design and operation of offshore structures. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the critical governing parameters for the horizontal wave impact loads on a semi-submersible. The wavelet denoising technique and the frequency response function method are employed successfully to remove the effect of noise and dynamic contamination from the experimental data. The strongly nonlinear characteristics of the wave impact load are demonstrated. The results show that wave impact events are governed by the upwell height and upwell velocity. Most major wave impact events occur where both the two parameters are large, and the upwell velocity is more dominant in the wave impact process. In general, larger parameters tend to result in larger peak pressures and higher probabilities of wave impacts. The motion behaviors of the platform are benefit to reduce the occurrence probabilities of wave impact events and maximum impact pressures, owing to the escape velocities following the wave direction and the rotations leading to the above-water structure away from the waves. The insights given in this study provide a motivation and foundation for developing a sophisticated prediction model of the wave impact load on floating platforms.     

非线性立波作用下砂质海床动力响应及液化研究

利用傅立叶级数近似法求解非线性立波作用下海床表面波压力,基于波浪作用下海床动力响应的二维准静态模型以及液化判定标准,模拟非线性立波作用下海床动力响应以及液化深度。线性与非线性立波计算结果比较表明:当相对水深较大时,非线性立波波峰处波压力出现双峰,波谷处的波压力明显大于线性立波波谷处波压力;海床中孔隙水压力在波峰时也表现出双峰型特性,且波谷时的海床压力增大;在相同波浪条件下,非线性立波作用下海床更易液化,且液化深度大于线性立波作用下液化深度。     

T型防波堤水平板波浪冲击压强试验研究

通过规则波与T型防波堤相互作用的试验研究,揭示了T型防波堤底部所受冲击压强产生的原因。分析波浪冲击压强历时曲线、相对板宽对冲击压强沿水平板底部分布的影响,得到T型防波堤水平板冲击压强的特性以及2大影响因素:相对超高和波陡。应用因次分析的方法,推导出T型防波堤底板最大相对冲击压强计算的经验公式。结果表明,该公式计算结果与试验值吻合较好,有一定的适用性。     

Experimental study of freak wave impacts on a tension-leg platform

This study investigates the freak wave impinging on a tension-leg platform through wave flume experiments. The freak waves are generated using the focused wave theory. By adjusting the wave focusing location, different incident wave scenarios at the structure location are produced. Simultaneous measurements of wave shape evolutions upon impingement, wave impact pressures on the platform deck, platform motions and tether forces are carried out for synchronized analyses of the wave kinematics/dynamics and structural responses. The variation of these parameters with the incident wave profile is studied. It is found that although applying less intensive local impact pressures as compared to the highly-breaking freak wave, the slightly-breaking or non-breaking freak wave imposes the same level of adverse effect on the platform's global stability in terms of motions and tether forces. In addition, the high-crest freak wave causes violent motions of the floating platform, which are likely to induce snap loads of large amplitude and high occurrence frequency in tethers. The published results would provide useful benchmarks for validating numerical and analytical models.     

离岸透空式结构波浪上托力计算方法的探讨

在分析前人试验研究成果的基础上,结合透空式码头结构型式,提出作用在透空式结构面板上的波浪上托力压强分布形式为:同一时刻既有冲击型上托力压强分布,又有均布型上托力压强分布,并给出上托力的计算宽度和总上托力的计算方法。     

不同圆弧半径直立堤胸墙波浪力的试验与分析*

为比较直立堤胸墙圆弧半径对其所受波浪力的影响,设计半径分别为45、67、98 cm共3种弧形胸墙以及直立式胸墙进行相关物理模型试验。通过将胸墙迎浪面不同测点波浪压力进行积分获得波浪总力,讨论相对波高、相对波长和圆弧半径对胸墙波浪力的影响。研究结果表明,胸墙波浪力随着相对波高的增大而增大,随着相对波长的增大呈现先增大-后减小-再增大的变化趋势。相同波浪要素条件下,弧形胸墙波浪力较直立式大;在3种弧形胸墙中,波浪力随圆弧半径的增大而减小,半径为45 cm的弧形墙受力最大。     

参数横摇下大型集装箱船外飘砰击的近似计算方法（英文）

Since the research of flare slamming prediction is seldom when parametric rolling happens, we present an efficient approximation method for flare slamming analysis of large container ships in parametric rolling conditions. We adopt a 6-DOF weakly nonlinear time domain model to predict the ship motions of parametric rolling conditions. Unlike previous flare slamming analysis, our proposed method takes roll motion into account to calculate the impact angle and relative vertical velocity between ship sections on the bow flare and wave surface. We use the Wagner model to analyze the slamming impact forces and the slamming occurrence probability. Through numerical simulations, we investigate the maximum flare slamming pressures of a container ship for different speeds and wave conditions. To further clarify the mechanism of flare slamming phenomena in parametric rolling conditions, we also conduct real-time simulations to determine the relationship between slamming pressure and 3-DOF motions, namely roll, pitch, and heave.     

Efficient calculation of slamming pressures on ships in irregular seas

An efficient method for calculation of the slamming pressures on ship hulls in irregular waves is presented and validated for a 290-m cruise ship. Nonlinear strip theory was used to calculate the ship–wave relative motions. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event were input to the slamming calculation program, which used a two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) based on the generalized 2D Wagner formulation presented by Zhao et al. To improve the calculation efficiency, the method was divided into two separate steps. In the first step, the velocity potentials were calculated for unit relative velocities between the section and the water. In the next step, these precalculated velocity potentials were used together with the real relative velocities experienced in a seaway to calculate the slamming pressure and total slamming force on the section. This saved considerable computer time for slamming calculations in irregular waves, without significant loss of accuracy. The calculated slamming pressures on the bow flare of the cruise ship agreed quite well with the measured values, at least for time windows in which the calculated and experimental ship motions agreed well. A simplified method for calculation of the instantaneous peak pressure on each ship section in irregular waves is also presented. The method was used to identify slamming events to be analyzed with the more refined 2D BEM method, but comparisons with measured values indicate that the method may also be used for a quick quantitative assessment of the maximum slamming pressures.