运价规则“履新”运用价格杠杆平衡三方权益——交通运输部道路运输司副司长徐亚华解读汽车运价新规

历时两年,《汽车运价规则》和《道路运输价格管理规定》终于在道路运输业疾呼中修订完毕,并于9月1日起正式实施,就像“运价官”履新般,意图带给行业一股清新之风。     

高油价时代出租车运价不能一涨了之

自2005年下半年以来，为了消化一路攀升的油价所导致的经营成本剧增，国内各大中城市出租车运价迎来涨声一片，西安、合肥、南京、济南、杭州等城市相继对出租车运价进行了调整。同时，部分省份和城市对相关行政事业性收费进行减免，同时对出租车行业实行油价临时补贴政策或给予燃油补助，以帮助出租车行业渡过难关。2006年4月17日，上海组织召开“建立上海出租汽车运价油价联动机制听证会”，拟调整起步价和单价；4月26日，北京市发展和改革委员会举行北京市出租汽车租价调整听证会，拟提高租价标准，     

完善我国铁路货运价格体系的思考

铁路目前仍实行政企合一的经营体制，以市场机制为导向的运价管理体制改革尚难全面推开，但在政府定价的框架内，对铁路运价体系进行适当的调整应当是可行的，在这方面做些探讨也是有益的。     

建立铁路运价新体制是铁路企业实现‘两个根本转变’的基础

<正> 铁路计划运价体制是铁路计划经济体制赖以存在的基础。铁路要实现“两个根本转变”,即经济体制由计划经济向市场经济的转变;经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型的转变,必须首先实现铁路运价体制的转变。 邓小平同志指出:“价格没有理顺,就谈不上经济改革的真正成功”。(《邓小平文选》第三卷第177页)“物价改革是个很大的难关,但这个难关非过不可。不过这个关,就得不到持续发展的基     

关于道路运价改革的思考

<正> 价格机制是市场机制的核心,价格体制改革是市场体制改革的关键。道路运价作为价格体系的重要组成部分,不仅关系到国民经济的发展和人民群众生活的改善,同时,也关系到整个道路运输行业的健康发展。在计划经济时期,全国实行的是“一刀切”运价,管得过细、过死,且长期不变,严重地阻碍了汽车运输业的发展。随着经济体制的转轨,原有的理论框架下的道路运价管理模式已不能适应道路运输市场发展的需要,必须进行改革。下面,笔者就道路运价改革问题谈几点想法:     

中国铁路运价体制和运价政策的变迁

论文对中国铁路运价体制和运价政策的演变进程进行了阐释,分析了运价体制和运价政策变迁的内在原因,描述了中国铁路运价变化的路径与现实状况。     

天津建立客运运价与油价联动机制

根据交通运输部、国家发改委联合颁布实施的《道路运输价格管理规定》，为了疏导成品油价格调整对道路客运的影响，经市人民政府批准，天津自即日起建立道路客运运价与油价联动机制。具体措施分为加收燃油附加费和调整客运价格两部分。     

培育运输市场应重视运价调控

<正> 当前,道路运输市场发展迅速,但也面临诸多矛盾。其中,日益开放的运输市场和集权的计划运价管理体制间的矛盾已严重阻滞了道路运输发展中的市场化进程。笔者认为,在新形势下,培育和发展道路运输市场,必须充分认识运价杠杆的作用,当务之急要积极推行运价管理体制改革,逐步建立以企业定价为微观基础的运价形成机制和运价调控体系,以有利于优化运输资源配置,引导道路运输业逐步实现“两个根本性转变”。     

从道路客运成本看运价管理改革

党的十六大报告提出：“在更大程度上发挥市场在资源配置上的基础性作用，健全统一、开放、竞争、有序的现代市场体系”。这一论断为健全现代道路运输市场体系，改善道路运输行业管理指明了方向。目前，道路客运市场体系还不健全，市场分割、市场垄断现象仍比较严重，以市场为基础的价格形成机制尚未完全建立。因此，为全面掌握当前道路客运成本的真实水平，给道路运价政策的制定提供科学依据，湖北省道路运输管理局组织调查组于2002年月至11月，对湖北省道路客运成本与运价进行了调研。调研期间，共走访了9家客运企业，收集了70余份“道路…     

宁波出租车告别只“进”不“出”

出租车运价调整后,出租车服务质量能不能相应提高？5月26日,宁波市公管处正式出台《宁波市客运出租汽车从业人员资格管理操作规程》,对出租车从业人员的准入管理、日常管理、退出管理进行了进一步规范。市公管处有关负责人表示,“这在我市出租车从业人员管理上迈出了一大步,尤其是改变了以往出租汽车行业只进不出的情况．     

Transport models, philosophy and language

The aim of this paper is to encourage debate about the nature of transport modelling. It does so firstly by considering the underlying philosophies of science (apparently) adopted by transport modellers, over a period of more than 50 years, from the 1950s until the present day. The conclusion is that a new philosophy of science needs to be developed, which is more in tune with how transport modelling is actually carried out (as opposed to how early transport modellers thought it ought to be carried out). It is recommended that such a new philosophy perceives transport modelling as a linguistic activity within the overall context of transport planning, which is in turn considered as a communication process. The paper outlines three main approaches that could be taken in this respect, analysing transport models from metaphorical, narrative and aesthetic perspectives. Conclusions are drawn upon the possible future research directions that might follow from the analysis provided in the paper, emphasising the importance of bringing formal philosophical thinking into transport modelling research and practice.

Land Transport Policy and Public Transport in Singapore

Singapore has a sophisticated and efficient system of land transport to serve a growing demand for transportation. Constrained by limited space, a comprehensive set of land transport policies has been in place to balance the growth in transport demand and the effectiveness and efficiency of the land transport system. A multi-pronged approach has been used to achieve the objective of a world-class transportation system. These include integration of urban and transport planning, expansion of the road network and improvement of the transport infrastructure, harnessing the latest technology in network and traffic management, managing vehicle ownership and usage, and improvement and regulations of public transport (Ministry of Transport (MOT) (2003) Policy and Regulations, Land Transport, Available: www.mot.gov.sg, Date of Access: 15 September 2003). Singapore was the first country in the world to introduce various new techniques, notably the Area License Scheme (ALS) in 1975 and the Vehicle Quota System (VQS) in 1990. An Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system replaced the ALS in 1998 to take the role of congestion management, the experience of which has also drawn particular attention from many large cities in the world. In 2003, the world’s first and only fully automatic heavy rail Mass Rapid Transit system was opened to the public, marking a new chapter in Singapore’s innovative approach to solving its land transport problem. This paper reviews the land transport policy implemented in Singapore and pays special emphasis to its public transportation systems.     

影像运输

、~口~一影像运输@陈和琦!本刊记者~~     

铁路货物运输中石油资源运输能力探究

铁路货物运输资源属于国家公共资源,铁路货物运输资源的整合优化能产生巨大的社会效益。本文通过分析铁路运输资源整合优化,探究提高铁路货物运输的综合能力的策略,同时在铁路货物运输中,石油资源运输的特点,探究铁路石油运输对铁路货物运输的影响,从而达到资源的最优化运用。     

Transport in Warsaw

The paper is devoted to Warsaw, a city burnt to the ground during World War II and reconstructed from its ruins. This allowed the post‐war designers to change the road network and modernize the system of transport. This modernization, however, has turned out not to be far‐sighted enough: hence the present transport difficulties.

Compared with Western European cities car traffic is less intensive and smoother. The high density of places of work in the central district and of inhabitants in residential districts has resulted in a shortage of parking places. Most people use public transport comprising buses, trams and railways; trolley buses and taxis are less used. Buses are the most frequently used transport within the city; railways play a similar role in the city‐suburban zone connections. The first underground line is under construction.

The immense amount of daily travel is generated mainly by the inappropriate distribution of residences, places of work and services, and secondly by the low fares on public transport, which is subsidized by the state and works more as a social service than as a branch of the economy.     

Transport reviews prize

This paper reviews the provision of public transport in the Cape Town Metropolitan Area and the proposals for its future development. A vitally distinguishing characteristic of public transport in Cape Town and other South African cities is the fractured market with great discrepancies between different segments. These range from those with high incomes and preferences similar to those found in typically First World countries to a great majority living at or below minimum poverty levels with virtually no choices and a very different set of needs and preferences. Although scope for improving service levels and satisfying user needs is unlimited, in South Africa resources for transport are facing severe competition from other macrolevel social and economic imperatives, such as combating crime and addressing discrepancies in health and education needs. This situation represents a huge challenge to those responsible for planning and developing public transport strategies. Evidence is presented that current public transport services are unsustainable in terms of increasing subsidy requirements while also not effectively meeting user needs. Proposals to restructure the public transport system and to use Stated Preference techniques to identify user needs are put forward. Given the fractured market for public transport in metropolitan Cape Town, Stated Preference techniques will require innovative adaptations and different approaches to those most commonly applied elsewhere in the world and this paper provides some broad guidelines.     

防范危运事故应从培训抓起

道路危险货物运输事故层出不穷，仅2009年11月-12月间，在湖北一省就接连发生了4起道路危险品运输严重事故。