节能减排是"十二五"交通发展的重要任务

交通运输行业是石油消费最多、大气污染物排放最多的行业。目前我国交通发展正处于加快建设的黄金时期,"十二五"期我国运输能源对外依存度继续提高,承担减排温室气体责任的国际环境压力越来越大。交通大发展与节能减排责任双加速使得节能减排成为"十二五"交通发展的重要任务。     

简讯

发改委:节能减排重点工程总投资23660亿国家发展和改革委员会有关负责人8月26日说,为实现"十二五"时期节能减排工作目标,国务院近日正式印发了《节能减排"十二五"规划》。据测算,"十二五"时期节能减排重点工程总投资为23660亿元,其中,节能重点工程总投资约9820亿元,污染减排重点工程约8160亿元,循环经济重点工程约5680亿元。这位负责人说,节能、循环经济、重点流域工业污染防治、烟气脱硫脱     

理念节能组织节能技术节能——诠释江苏道路水路运输节能减排三绝招

江苏省运管机构按照交通部和交通厅有关节能减排工作的部署和要求,立足理念节能、组织节能、技术节能,制定了一系列促进节能减排的政策措施,扎实推进道路水路运输业节能减排工作向纵深发展,节能减排工作取得了积极进展.     

我国绿色运输系统的发展政策探讨

文章通过分析我国绿色运输存在的问题,从发展绿色运输系统、加强运输需求管理及提升运输系统能源使用效率三大方面提出我国绿色运输发展的政策,为交通运输行业实现"十二五"节能减排目标奠定基础。     

公路与水路运输节能减排量化分析和比较

通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。     

2015,节能环保且行且突破

<正>加强节能环保,实现低碳发展,是生态文明建设的重要内容,是促进经济提质增效升级的必由之路。进入"十二五"以来,节能减排降碳约束性目标进一步强化,各地区、各部门认真贯彻中央的决策部署,把节能减排降碳作为转变发展方式、经济提质增效、建设生态文明的重要抓手,并取得了积极进展。在临近"十二五"尾声之际,节能环保事业又将如何布局规划,让这条路走得更远。     

前进中的广西航务——广西壮族自治区航务管理局

广西壮族自治区航务管理局(区船舶检验局)成立于1988年1月1日,下设4个航道管理处、6个船舶检验处,对全区十四个市的航务(港航)管理处、沿海三个港口(务)管理局行使行业指导职能,是隶属广西壮族自治区交通厅行使全区水路运输、航道、船舶检验、水运基础设施建设和水运规费征收管理职责的管理机构,负责全区水路运输和水路运输管理辅助行业行政管理.     

"十二五"绿色交通区域性示范项目回顾及政策建议

文章从绿色交通区域性项目创建规模、节能减排技术及设备应用、优化综合交通运输结构、行业协同推进机制、管理能力提升等方面对"十二五"时期绿色交通示范项目建设成效进行了回顾与总结,分析了在项目实施管控、后续资金支持、区域性示范项目深度与广度等方面存在的问题,并从建立严格的项目过程管理与调整机制、建立绿色交通区域评价机制以及扩展绿色交通区域性示范项目的广度与深度三个方面提出了"十三五"绿色交通示范项目创建工作的政策建议.     

水运节能监测考核体系构建初探

分析了水运节能减排监测与考核体系构建的利益相关者,解析了水运节能减排监测和考核体系构建存在的问题,最后给出了相关政策建议。     

“两会”交通有话说

3月5日上午,第十一届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在北京开幕。国务院总理温家宝在政府工作报告中总结了十一五时期的辉煌成就,充分肯定了交通运输基础设施建设取得的成绩,并就2011年和十二五时期发展的主要目标和任务进行了部署,提出要加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构,统筹发展、加快构建便捷、安全、高效的综合运输体系。来自交通运输行业的30多位代表参加大会并带来了有关尽快出台《航道法》、优先发展城市公共交通、综合施政缓解城市交通拥堵、节能减排等方面的议案和建议。     

交通与土地利用一体化的主要内容与实现途径

本文在分析现代城市病产生原因的基础上,从交通的角度提出了解决现代城市病的对策思路。在此基础上,阐述了交通一体化的内容、交通与土地利用一体化的关键和实现途径。作者提出防止现代城市病的关键是混合土地使用、严格控制通勤圈半径和建立公交主导的绿色交通系统。     

铁路隧道防排水现状与思考

文章针对铁路隧道的防排水现状,指出了目前在防排水设计与施工中存在的问题和难点,并进行了具体分析,在防水类型的选择、地下水处理、衬砌外围结构防水、内衬砌防水等方面提出了铁路隧道防排水的措施和建议。     

材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划技术成果简介

当前,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已提升为国家战略。交通运输部为加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型交通,组织开展了“材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划”。通过专项行动大力推广路面再生技术、废胎胶粉筑路应用技术、机制砂混凝土技术以及聚合物改性水泥混凝土技术等西部交通建设科技项目成果,以为交通建设资源的高效利用和循环使用提供示范。本刊现以专栏形式介绍上述成果的相关内容,以飨读者。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

Characterisation of and reflections on the synergy of bicycles and public transport

The bicycle is often understood as a disjointed ‘feeder’ mode that provides access to public transport. We argue that combined use of the bicycle and public transport should be understood in a broader perspective, especially where bicycles link to higher speed and higher capacity public transport, such as the train. Cycling and public transport can have a symbiotic relationship forming a hybrid, distinct transport mode, which should be reflected in transport planning. The bicycle is as a way to soften the rigid nature of public transport and thus accommodate diverse individual travel needs and situations. Public transport can be seen as a means to dramatically extend cycling’s speed and spatial reach. We combine a system perspective with conceptual analysis to explore how, why and when this reconsideration is important. We use the Netherlands as illustrative case because of the relative maturity of its bicycle–train connections. The case shows that the synergy between rather opposite yet highly complementary aspects, high speed of the train, high accessibility of the bicycle and flexibility in combining both sub-modes, are the fundamental characteristics to understand the functioning of this system in a wider spatial context. In our conclusion we propose a research agenda, to further explore the relevance of this system for land-use and transport planning and distil wider implications for the international debate.     

Modeling and analysis of mixed flow of cars and powered two wheelers

In modern cities, a rapid increase of motorcycles and other types of Powered Two-Wheelers (PTWs) is observed as an answer to long commuting in traffic jams and complex urban navigation. Such increasing penetration rate of PTWs creates mixed traffic flow conditions with unique characteristics that are not well understood at present. Our objective is to develop an analytical traffic flow model that reflects the mutual impacts of PTWs and Cars. Unlike cars, PTWs filter between cars, have unique dynamics, and do not respect lane discipline, therefore requiring a different modeling approach than traditional “Passenger Car Equivalent” or “Follow the Leader”. Instead, this work follows an approach that models the flow of PTWs similarly to a fluid in a porous medium, where PTWs “percolate” between cars depending on the gap between them.Our contributions are as follows: (I) a characterization of the distribution of the spacing between vehicles by the densities of PTWs and cars; (II) a definition of the equilibrium speed of each class as a function of the densities of PTWs and cars; (III) a mathematical analysis of the model’s properties (IV) an impact analysis of the gradual penetration of PTWs on cars and on heterogeneous traffic flow characteristics.The proposed model could contribute as an enabler for ‘PTW-aware’ future Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems technologies and traffic regulations.     

油气管道的腐蚀与防护技术研究

国内大多数油田在开采过程中,油井伴生气通常含有成分不等的CO2、H2S等腐蚀性气体,同时由于油气集输系统也不可能完全密闭,造成大气中的O2等腐蚀性气体进入油气生产系统,因此油气生产系统存在的腐蚀类型多种多样。针对油气管道的腐蚀现状,简要综述了CO2腐蚀、H2S腐蚀、氧腐蚀机理及其影响因素。并在此基础上介绍了阴极保护技术、耐蚀材料防腐技术、工程防腐技术、化学防腐技术等几种国内外常用的防腐措施。     

集输管道效率监测及分析

为了更好地采用节能技术以不断降低管道能耗,提高管道效率,文中以集输管道为研究对象,根据集输管道效率计算模型,对11条输油管线进行了效率与能耗监测。监测结果表明:影响输油管道效率的主要因素是管道温降,其次为管道压降。对影响管道温降和压降的相关因素进行分析,提出了合理选择保温材料和保温结构、增加保温层厚度、添加减阻剂及采用管道内涂减阻技术等改进措施,对于集输管道的节能降耗具有借鉴意义。     

公交支付方式及其效率调查分析

智能系统的广泛使用,带来了移动支付的普及。公交支付在传统IC卡和现金支付的基础上,加入了云闪付和二维码支付。为探究移动支付对公交支付效率的影响,基于杭州市公交发展现状,制定了公交支付情况的调查方案。通过对所选10、93、97公交线路的早、晚高峰和平峰的三天实地调查,采集视频数据并使用SPSS进行定量统计分析,发现公交乘客刷卡占62%、二维码占27%、云闪付占6%、现金占5%。当乘客提前做好准备时,刷卡支付时间为1.29 s,低于云闪付的1.42 s和二维码的1.65 s,而未准备好时用时分别为6.74 s、10.94 s、8.54 s。通过相关性和多元线性回归分析得出"提前拿卡"、"上车掏卡"、"提前开二维码"和"上车开二维码"四种支付方式对公交停留时间延长的影响最大。