公路运输车辆节能减排技术综述

为了符合国家节能减排的要求,以公路运输车辆为研究对象,从车辆技术和燃料技术两个角度论述了公路运输车辆能耗与排放的现状,进而总结出公路运输业节能减排的有效途径与具体措施。     

水运行业节能减排现状及发展趋势分析

"十二五"时期水路运输节能减排工作对于加快转变我国经济发展方式,建设资源节约型、环境友好型水路运输体系发挥了重要作用。本文在全面总结"十二五"时期水路运输行业能源消耗概况的基础上,对水运行业能耗目标完成情况、节能减排技术推广应用情况进行总结分析,并结合交通运输节能环保"十三五"发展规划,预测未来水运行业节能技术发展的重点与方向。     

交通运输能耗与排放统计监测平台及应用研究

在我国交通运输行业节能减排的背景下,本文以交通运输行业能耗特点与统计监测方法为基础,建立涵盖了公路客运、公路货运、城市公交、城市出租、水路运输、港口生产等行业的能耗碳排统计监测系统,分析了省级交通运输能耗与排放特点,明确了能耗数据统计对象与内容,并对能耗数据采集的方法进行了研究,建立了省级交通运输能耗统计监测系统,并以辽宁省交通运输为依托,对全省交通运输行业能耗统计监测系统进行了验证与应用,同时也为交通运输行业的节能减排提供了决策支撑和数据支持。     

内河营运船舶应用天然气项目温室气体 自愿减排方法学研究

内河营运船舶应用天然气可以有效的降低我国温室气体的排放,文章以内河营运船舶应用天然气项目温室气体自愿减排方法学为研究对象,以重庆某船务公司项目为例,运用该CCER方法学对内河营运船舶应用天然气项目的碳减排量进行了详细的计算,表明本文提出的方法具有实际可操作性.     

政策法规

日前,交通运输部发布《公路水路交通运输节能减排“十二五”规划》（简称《规划》）,提出与2005年相比,2015年营运车辆单位运输周转量能耗将下降10％,二氧化碳排放下降11％;营运船舶单位运输周转量能耗下降15％,二氧化碳排放下降16％;港口生产单位吞吐量综合能耗下降8％,二氧化碳排放下降10％。     

船舶使用岸电技术节能减排效果的探讨

我国水运行业正在大力推进实施船舶使用岸电技术,船舶使用岸电技术可以使得港区环境得到明显改善,但增加了火电行业的能耗和排放。本文考虑船舶使用岸电后火电行业的能耗和排放增加的影响因素,分析船舶使用岸电技术的节能减排效果。     

高海拔地区公路建设与运营技术替代燃料量及节能减排量核算存在问题的探讨

本文通过《交通运输节能减排项目节能减排量或投资额核算技术细则》分析,并结合青藏高原的气候、环境及生态环保等因素,指出青藏高原地区绿色公路建设技术替代燃料量及节能减排量核算存在的问题,并提出新的核算方法及相关建议,希望通过高海拔地区绿色公路实施技术节能减排量核算方法的补充,能对高寒高海拔地区绿色公路建设技术节能减排量核算提供思路,为青藏高原地区绿色公路建设提供有益的帮助。     

高速公路运营期节能减排绩效评价指标体系研究

基于高速公路运营期能源消耗和污染物排放的特点,对高速公路运营期节能减排绩效进行定性评价,提出了节能减排评价体系以及评价指标选取的原则,并按照各评价指标对运营期节能减排的影响程度,采用突变级数法对指标进行了定性和定量的对比分析,并以运营期能耗和排放的主要环节即隧道、收费站等管理单位和服务区等服务单位三个方面作为分类依据,建立了相对应的节能减排绩效评价指标体系,并形成了各评价体系的等级划分标准,为高速公路运营期节能减排绩效评价提供理论基础。     

基于LCA的沥青路面养护能耗测算及软件开发

基于沥青路面寿命周期评估建立了评价指标体系,通过调查获取施工过程中能源消耗量,测算分析了典型沥青路面施工过程及再生技术关键环节的能耗及排放。在基础数据建立的基础上,开发了养护技术节能减排评估软件。研究结果表明,普通热拌沥青路面施工过程中,拌和过程能耗占比最大,而摊铺碾压环节较小,厂拌热再生拌和能耗与RAP料掺量有关,冷再生技术节能减排效果显著,沥青路面养护设计节能减排评估软件可精确评估节能减排效果,为方案决策提供参考。     

我国城市交通节能减排政策研究

文章通过对我国当前城市交通领域能源消耗和污染排放的研究,从经济学的角度对节能减排政策进行理论分析,结合我国现行的城市节能减排体系与具体实践进行探讨,指出目前城市交通节能减排所出现的问题,在借鉴国外经验的基础上,针对我国城市交通节能减排政策提出建议。     

高速公路改扩建工程水土保持监测与评价

开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。     

Logsums for utility-maximizers and regret-minimizers,and their relation with desirability and satisfaction

This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction.     

隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用

文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议.     

互联互通,走向繁荣

设施联通是"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛六个平行主题会议之一,以"互联互通、走向繁荣"为主题,各国共商共议交通、能源、通信等设施联通务实合作。随着未来全球范围内基础设施的升级换代和互联互通,交通、能源与通信技术融合发展,催生新的业态,是拉动经济增长的新动能。在新一代基础设施网络体系的建设中,后发国家面临跨越发展的难得机遇,中国基础设施发展的经验具有重要借鉴意义。     

材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划技术成果简介

当前,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已提升为国家战略。交通运输部为加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型交通,组织开展了“材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划”。通过专项行动大力推广路面再生技术、废胎胶粉筑路应用技术、机制砂混凝土技术以及聚合物改性水泥混凝土技术等西部交通建设科技项目成果,以为交通建设资源的高效利用和循环使用提供示范。本刊现以专栏形式介绍上述成果的相关内容,以飨读者。     

科技创新与公共自行车系统发展

城市公共自行车的发展已经历了三代,正向着第四代公共自行车系统发展。为探究科技创新在其发展过程中所起的作用,高新技术是否能够从根本上解决中国城市公共自行车损坏率过高的问题,以及高新技术在新一代公共自行车系统中的发展方向,笔者通过对城市公共自行车系统发展历程的回顾,发现科技创新在公共自行车系统发展过程中起到了积极的推动作用,但不能从根本上解决车辆被盗和损坏的问题。进一步分析了高新科技对公共自行车系统的利弊,指出需要因地制宜的发展项目,不应一味的追求高新技术在系统中的应用。最后展望第四代公共自行车发展,探索了与公共自行车系统相关的高新技术下一步的发展方向。     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.

     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.