深海立管涡激振动疲劳损伤影响因素分析

根据我国南海、墨西哥湾和西非海域的流速沿深度方向的分布规律,利用涡激振动预报程序计算了立管在不同参数下的动力响应.在此基础上计算了立管沿长度方向涡激振动引起的疲劳损伤.分别讨论了立管顶部预张力、管内流体密度、管外流速分布、立管外径、立管壁厚等参数的变化对疲劳损伤的影响.结果显示立管顶部预张力、管外流速分布、立管外径对疲劳损伤的影响非常明显,而管内流体密度和立管壁厚因其变化范围有限,对疲劳损伤的影响没有上述三个参数显著.     

钢悬链式立管涡激振动疲劳损伤参数分析

针对钢悬链式立管的结构特性,采用了简化后的振动模型。先对立管进行了模态分析;再根据立管的模态特性结合环境水流参数,采用模态叠加法对立管进行了涡激振动疲劳损伤分析。分析过程中,通过改变流速大小、立管壁厚、立管外径、内部介质以及抑制立管涡激振动的螺旋列板长度等参数,对立管的涡激振动疲劳损伤进行了相应的参数分析。结果表明:立管疲劳损伤随水流速度的增大、立管外径的增大以及内部介质密度的降低呈现上升趋势,但是壁厚变化对立管疲劳损伤大小影响却不显著。     

弹性模量对深海立管涡激振动疲劳损伤的影响

K.Vikestad文章中预报出的立管疲劳寿命特别长,经过仔细校核发现作者用于计算的弹性模量与试验值不同.是否这一错误会导致疲劳寿命的重要差别,本文对这一问题做了进一步研究.本文采用了与上述文章中类似的方法来重新计算立管的涡激振动疲劳损伤.利用作者所在课题组开发的涡激振动预报程序来确定立管动力响应,并假设涡激振动引起的长期应力范围分布是Rayleigh分布,运用Palmgren-Miner线性累积损伤准则来预报海洋立管涡激振动疲劳损伤.和依据试验测量数据计算得到的疲劳损伤以及ⅤⅣANA预报的结果比较表明,本文的预报方法是合理的.研究表明上述文章中过高的疲劳寿命是由错误的弹性模量引起的.结果显示,立管的弹性模量对于涡激振动疲劳损伤是个重要的参数.弹性模量越大,疲劳寿命越低.     

海洋立管涡激振动的主动控制技术

涡激振动是造成海洋立管疲劳损伤的重要原因,如何抑制海洋立管的涡激振动一直是海洋工程中的热点和难点问题.海洋立管主动控制技术能根据多变的环境条件实时调整控制策略和参数,具有更好的适应性.文章研究了通过施加端部激励对海洋立管涡激振动进行抑制的主动控制技术.基于尾流振子模型来模拟尾流漩涡与结构之间的相互作用,结合有限差分法和龙格-库塔法求解立管振动方程.轴向力激励对涡激振动存在显著干扰,频率比较小时,轴向力激励能降低涡激振动位移;频率比远离共振频率时,立管振动呈宽频特性.     

平台运动下悬链线立管涡激振动响应特性分析

悬链线立管会在半潜平台运动带动下出现涡激振动现象,对立管疲劳寿命造成影响.借助海工结构物动力分析软件Orcaflex建立立管模型,使用Iwan-Blevins尾流振子模型进行数值模拟.通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法的可行性.同时建立实尺度悬链线立管模型,并考虑背景海流的影响,分析平台垂荡、纵荡运动下的立管涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤.研究表明,平台运动产生的非定常流场将引起悬链线立管发生涡激振动现象,并在背景洋流激励的基础上增大疲劳损伤,在立管结构实际工程设计时应予以关注.     

顶张力对深水刚性立管涡激振动及疲劳损伤的影响

分析讨论顶张力对深水刚性立管在剪切流中的涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤的影响。从理论上分析张力对刚性立管固有特性的影响,并利用OrcaFlex软件建立数值模型,模拟不同顶张力系数下立管于剪切流中的涡激振动响应,同时采用S-N曲线法计算立管疲劳损伤。结果表明,顶张力对立管的影响直接体现在刚度上,立管刚度随着张力的增大而增大,因此顶张力对降低立管疲劳损伤有一定积极作用。但是随着顶张力的增大,其对降低疲劳损伤的贡献越来越小,而对立管强度储备的危害却逐渐增大。     

剪切来流下柔性立管涡激振动抑制装置试验研究

文章针对柔性立管螺旋列板抑制装置在剪切流场中的涡激振动响应特性进行了试验研究,试验过程中通过旋转臂架从而形成相对剪切来流。通过测试得到的应变数据,基于模态叠加法,可得到立管的位移响应等参数。试验中针对螺旋列板的螺距和鳍高的变化进行了分析,系统地研究了不同螺旋列板状态下立管的主导频率、主导模态、无量纲振幅比以及疲劳损伤等参数。研究结果表明：螺旋列板可以很好地抑制立管的涡激振动响应;与螺距相比,鳍高对立管涡激振动响应会带来更大的影响;剪切流场中立管螺距恒定为5.0D（D为立管外径）时,鳍高为0.15D时的立管具有最好的抑制效果。     

平台运动下悬链线立管涡激振动响应特性分析

悬链线立管会在半潜平台运动带动下出现涡激振动现象,对立管疲劳寿命造成影响。借助海工结构物动力分析软件Orcaflex建立立管模型,使用Iwan-Blevins尾流振子模型进行数值模拟。通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法的可行性。同时建立实尺度悬链线立管模型,并考虑背景海流的影响,分析平台垂荡、纵荡运动下的立管涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤。研究表明,平台运动产生的非定常流场将引起悬链线立管发生涡激振动现象,并在背景洋流激励的基础上增大疲劳损伤,在立管结构实际工程设计时应予以关注。     

钢悬链线的涡激振动分析

文章介绍了立管在不同流剖面下的涡激振动实验,然后给出了简支钢悬链线的静态方程和基于能量平衡原理的涡激振动频域预报理论.之后提出把钢悬链的参数转化为顶部张紧钻井隔水管的参数的思想.通过预报顶部张紧钻井隔水管的涡激振动响应,得到钢悬链线的涡激振动响应.文中还研究了不同的顶部预张力和不同流剖面对钢悬链线的涡激振动响应影响.结果表明立管的固有频率和模态数的关系足线性的,并且立管的均方根位移和激励的模态数不仅与流速的大小和变化范围有关,还与顶部预张力有关.     

顶张力立管涡激振动抑振装置性能比较

为降低甚至消除漩涡脱落引起的顶张力立管振动响应从而提高其疲劳寿命,设计了五种型式的涡激振动抑振装置,并在中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室对装有抑振装置的模型立管进行了实验研究.得到了模型立管在几种不同流速下顺流向和横向涡激振动应变时程曲线,同时为了对比分析也测量了没有安装抑振装置的裸管的响应曲线.对比分析了三种外流流速下抑振装置对立管涡激振动响应的影响,结果表明各种抑振装置对立管顺流向和横向涡激振动幅值和频率都有不同程度的降低,但其影响和有效性各不相同.     

Fatigue damage analysis of the deepwater riser from VIV using pseudo-excitation method

The fatigue damage of a long deepwater riser undergoing in-line and cross-flow vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in deepwater is numerically studied using pseudo-excitation method (PEM) in present paper. For evaluating the fluid–structure interaction problem of vortex-induced vibration of deepwater riser at high Reynolds number, the strip theory is employed in this paper, and the discrete vortex method (DVM) is used to calculate the VIV of each strip to obtain the load spectrum as the pseudo-excitation, while the finite volume method (FVM) is employed to evaluate the structure dynamics of a deepwater riser. The VIV is considered as a stationary random process. The response of riser to vortex induced excitation is calculated using pseudo-excitation method. The DVM model and pseudo-excitation method are both validated by comparing their numerical results with experiments. The fatigue damage of one deepwater riser is evaluated based on the Palmgren–Miner Rule.     

Reduction of VIV using suppression devices—An empirical approach

Helical strakes are known to reduce and even eliminate the oscillation amplitude of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). This reduction will increase the fatigue life. The optimum length and position of the helical strakes for a given riser will vary with the current profile.

The purpose of the present paper is to describe how data from VIV experiments with suppressing devices like fairings and strakes can be implemented into a theoretical VIV model. The computer program is based on an empirical model for calculation of VIV. Suppression devices can be accounted for by using user-defined data for hydrodynamic coefficients, i.e. lift and damping coefficients, for the selected segments.

The effect of strakes on fatigue damage due to cross flow VIV is illustrated for a vertical riser exposed to sheared and uniform current. Comparison of measured and calculated fatigue life is performed for a model riser equipped with helical strakes. A systematic study of length of a section with strakes for a set of current profiles is done and the results are also presented.     

螺旋侧板的高度对VIV影响的CFD分析

深水立管在来流作用下容易产生流向和横向的周期性位移振动(VIV),这种流固耦合作用会加剧立管结构疲劳,最终导致其功能失效。之前的研究发现螺旋侧板可以有效的抑制VIV的影响,其中侧板高度和螺距等几何参数决定其抑制效率。文章主要基于CFD对不同高度螺旋侧板的立管的尾流场进行数值模拟。结果表明:在研究范围内,螺旋侧板随高度增大抑制VIV效果越好,在H=0.25D(D为立管直径)时作用最佳,但拖曳力系数明显增大,同时来流方向和螺旋侧板的夹角也会影响其抑制效率。     

南海自由站立式立管设计与分析

自由站立式立管可作为南海油气开发的立管形式。根据设计参数建立自由站立式立管系统模型,根据南海某油田环境参数校核立管各工况下的强度结果并进行疲劳分析,探讨自由站立式立管动态强度与疲劳特性并验证是否满足规范要求。分析结果表明：该立管设计满足规范中的强度与疲劳要求,且疲劳性能较好;立管等效应力最大处为立管主体顶部应力节下端;最危险浪流方向为沿立管向平台方向;立管主体应力水平受平台运动影响较小,受顶部张紧力以及海流大小影响较大;疲劳损伤最大处位于立管主体顶部,且涡激疲劳损伤大于浪致疲劳损伤。     

Time domain approach for coupled cross-flow and in-line VIV induced fatigue damage of steel catenary riser at touchdown zone

Existing VIV prediction approaches for steel catenary riser (SCR) typically employ truncation model without considering the interaction between the SCR and soil, and only allow for cross-flow (CF) VIV. In this study, a time domain approach accounting for the SCR-soil interaction is proposed to predict the CF and in-line (IL) VIV induced fatigue damage of a SCR at touchdown zone (TDZ). The hydrodynamic force resulting from the vortex shedding is modeled using the forced oscillation test data of a rigid cylinder and an empirical damping model, which are defined as functions of the non-dimensional dominant frequency and amplitude of the SCR response. Due to the coupling effect, the IL VIV force is magnified based on the CF VIV amplitude. By combining a linear hysteretic interaction model with a trench shape model, some particular phenomena during the vertical SCR-soil interaction are captured and qualitatively discussed, while for the horizontal direction, the seabed is simplified as nonlinear spring model. Based on these models, parametric studies are conducted to broaden the understanding of the sensitivity of VIV induced fatigue damage to the seabed characteristic. The results indicate trench depth, vertical and lateral stiffness, and clay suction are significantly affect the VIV induced maximum fatigue damage at TDZ.     

Fatigue damage from time domain simulation of combined in-line and cross-flow vortex-induced vibrations

A semi-empirical method for time domain simulation of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) is used to calculate the in-line and cross-flow fatigue damage of a tensioned riser in uniform and sheared flow. Simulations are run for flow velocities ranging from 0.3 m/s to 2.4 m/s, and a detailed comparison with experimental observations is performed. Results are reported in terms of dominating frequency, mode of vibration and mean of r.m.s. of displacement, as well as fatigue damage distribution along the length of the structure and maximum fatigue damage rates for each case. Fatigue damage is calculated by rainflow counting of the strain time series together with an idealized S–N curve with slope m = 3. The results show that the model reproduces the measured fatigue damage with a satisfactory level of realism, using a consistent set of parameters. This indicates that the model is usable for calculation of riser VIV fatigue damage in various current conditions, assuming the Reynolds number is in the subcritical range.     

集束塔式立管总体疲劳分析方法研究

考虑到集束塔式立管比单根塔式立管在总体疲劳分析时更加复杂,利用＂等效＂理论方法对集束塔式立管进行处理,建立集束塔式立管有限元模型,提出集束塔式立管总体疲劳（包括运动疲劳和VIV疲劳）的分析方法,并通过实际的案例给出相关计算结果,证明该方法是正确和合理性的。