进展期肿瘤主动特异性免疫治疗的临床研究

目的探讨自体肿瘤疫苗的作用机制。方法50例进展期肿瘤患者术后第4周开始以自体肿瘤细胞疫苗行主动特异性免疫治疗。免疫接种共4次,每次间隔7-10 d;接种前3 d及第4次接种后1周,采集外周血,分离单个核细胞,以流式细胞分析术/细胞内细胞因子检测法测定CD8+-IFN-γ+、CD8+-IL-10+细胞及CD4+-INF-γ+、CD4+-IL-10+细胞;用自体肿瘤抗原做皮肤迟发型过敏试验(DTH),48 h后测量红斑、硬结大小(mm)。对DTH反应部位皮肤活检,用免疫组化染色了解局部细胞免疫反应。结果自体肿瘤细胞疫苗治疗后表现为:①CD8+-IFN-γ+阳性细胞由(3.90±1.42)%升至(7.12±2.15)%;CD4+-INF-γ+阳性细胞由(4.19±1.50)%升至(7.20±2.29)%(P<0.05);②与治疗前相比,治疗后患者对自体肿瘤抗原的特异性DTH反应明显增强(P<0.01);③DTH反应部位CD8+T细胞、CD4+T细胞浸润明显增多;④患者耐受性良好。结论自体肿瘤细胞疫苗免疫后,可改善肿瘤患者细胞介导的抗瘤免疫反应;自体肿瘤疫苗可激发患者特异性细胞介导的免疫反应。     

脑缺血组织nestin蛋白重新表达及其与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达的关系

目的　研究缺血脑组织nestin蛋白重新表达和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)表达的关系。方法　建立永久性脑缺血大鼠模型 ,采用免疫组化染色方法 ,观察脑缺血后 1、3、7、14、2 8d脑组织nestin蛋白和bFGF的表达。结果　缺血后 1～ 3d缺血灶附近nestin免疫阳性细胞大量出现 ,缺血 7d开始减少 ;而bFGF免疫阳性细胞在缺血 14d大量出现 ,缺血 2 8d开始减少。结论　缺血脑组织重新表达nestin蛋白不需要bFGF的营养和支持 ,缺血脑组织周围的nestin免疫阳性细胞来源于重演胚胎发育过程的星形胶质细胞     

全脑缺血再灌注损伤后JUN蛋白在大鼠海马的表达及热休克预处理对其表达的影响

目的研究全脑缺血再灌注损伤后JUN蛋白在大鼠海马的表达及热休克预处理对其表达的影响。方法以四血管法建立全脑缺血再灌注模型。将大鼠置于42℃中15 min行热休克预处理,全脑缺血6 min后行2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h3、d、5 d再灌注后处死,取海马脑组织行HE染色、JUN蛋白免疫组化染色,TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞。结果缺血再灌注后2 h JUN蛋白在CA1区开始表达,6 h达到高峰,5 d时仍有表达;CA3区JUN蛋白的表达弱于CA1区(P<0.05);同时CA1区细胞损伤明显。热休克预处理组JUN蛋白表达在CA1和CA3区相应时点减弱(P<0.05),细胞损伤轻微,凋亡细胞减少(P<0.05)。结论全脑缺血再灌注损伤后JUN蛋白过度表达参与了神经元损伤过程,热休克预处理通过下调JUN蛋白过度表达具有脑保护作用。     

葛根素对大鼠局灶性缺血脑组织内海马神经元型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的 观察葛根素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血海马神经元神经型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达的影响.方法 局灶性脑缺血模型由线栓法阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉制成,葛根素腹腔注射干预治疗,采用氯化三苯基四氮唑染色方法测定脑梗死体积,免疫组织化学方法测定大鼠脑缺血后不同时间点前后海马区nNOS阳性神经元表达的变化.结果 2h和12h干预组脑梗死体积明显小于对照组(P<0.05),24h干预组与对照组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).缺血2h组海马nNOS阳性细胞开始增加,12h组最高,24h组较前有所下降;干预组大鼠海马nNOS阳性细胞数与对照组比较降低明显,有统计学差异(P<0.01).结论 nNOS参与早期脑缺血损伤,葛根素通过抑制nNOS表达对大鼠脑神经元损伤起保护作用.     

PARP-1在大鼠弥漫性轴突损伤脑组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨多聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP-1)在大鼠弥漫性轴突损伤(DAI)脑组织中的表达变化及意义。方法健康成年雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为6组:正常对照组、DAI后30min组、DAI后6h组、DAI后12h组、DAI后24h组、DAI后7d组,每组各6只。采用大鼠头颅瞬间旋转损伤装置制作DAI模型。在预定时间点取大脑皮质、脑干进行HE染色、银染及PARP-1免疫组织化学染色,采用阳性细胞计数法进行半定量统计,用单因素方差分析和SNK-q检验进行统计学处理。结果光镜下银染可见大鼠DAI后脑皮质及脑干存在轴突回缩球,HE染色可见不同程度的轴突肿胀、神经细胞核固缩、血管内皮细胞肿胀、血管周间隙增大。上述形态改变在DAI后12h至24h达到高峰。PARP-1在正常对照组脑皮质、脑干的神经元及神经胶质细胞的细胞核内有少量阳性表达。在DAI组的神经元及神经胶质细胞,以胞核阳性表达为主,同时存在胞质阳性表达。DAI后30min时脑皮质及脑干阳性细胞数明显增加,12h达到高峰,24h开始下降,到7d时脑皮质阳性细胞数仍高于正常水平(P<0.05),脑干阳性细胞数与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PARP-1在DAI后皮质与脑干呈明显规律性表达;其变化规律与皮质和脑干的结构变化呈同步性动态改变;PARP-1可能在DAI后的继发性脑损伤中起重要作用。     

白花蛇舌草总黄酮对肝细胞癌干细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨白花蛇舌草总黄酮(FOD)对Huh7来源的肝细胞癌干细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法 培养Huh7细胞系,通过流式分选技术筛选出Huh7细胞系中CD133阳性的干细胞(CD133⁺-Huh7);流式分析术检测分选后CD133阳性细胞比例;Western blotting实验检测分选纯化前后细胞干性指标Nanog、Oct4、Sox2的表达。分别用0、50、100、400μg/mL FOD分别作用CD133⁺-Huh7肝细胞癌干细胞24、48、72、96 h,应用CCK8(Cell Counting Kit-8)法检测其对细胞增殖的影响;平板克隆实验检测各组细胞增殖能力变化;Annexin V-PE/7-AAD法检测各组细胞凋亡比例,并用Western blotting法检测p53、FAS-FADD、抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、促凋亡蛋白Bax及凋亡指标Cleaved-Caspae3等凋亡通路蛋白的表达。结果 纯化后的Huh7细胞的干性标志物Nanog、Oct4、Sox2表达更高。100μg/mL FOD刺激CD133⁺-Hu...     

多抗乙素对小鼠S_(180)肉瘤中免疫活性细胞浸润的影响

曾经证明多抗乙素有明显的抑瘤作用。本文以小鼠实验性S_(180)肉瘤为模型观察了多抗乙素对肿瘤组织内和肿瘤周围Mφ、L_3T_4~- 及Lyt_2~-细胞的影响,同时观察了肿瘤坏死组织周围中性粒细胞浸润及小血管内血栓形成的改变。结果提示:Pb治疗组,肿瘤周围及肿瘤内浸润的L_3T_4~-和Lyt_2~-细胞显著增多,说明Pb可诱导肿瘤组织中淋巴细胞浸润;肿瘤组织的坏死灶周围明显充血、小血管血栓形成显著增加,并有带状中性粒细胞浸润。这些改变与TNF介导的肿瘤组织损伤相符,提示Pb的抑瘤作用主要是通过免疫活性细胞产生的TNF实现的。     

扩张型心肌病外周血淋巴细胞亚群测定

为探讨扩张型心肌病（DCM）有无免疫调节缺陷，用准确可靠的流式细胞计数仅测定了20例DCM患者及24例冠心病（CHD）患者外周血CD4及CD8淋巴细胞。结果发现两组患者心功能相似，CD4淋巴细胞比较亦无显著差别，而DCM患者CD8细胞百分比明显低于CHD患者。认为CD8淋巴细胞可能在DCM发病中起一定作用。     

M型钾离子通道开放剂对脑梗死再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨M型钾离子通道开放剂对缺血性脑卒中的脑保护作用及其可能机制。方法选取C57BL/6J小鼠60只,采用抽签法随机分为假手术组(10只,Sham组)、对照组(10只,MCAO组)、治疗组(40只,RTG组),按照给药时间的不同再将RTG组分为RTG 0h、RTG 1h、RTG 3h、RTG 6h四个亚组,每组10只。采用线栓法制作小鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,于脑缺血2h后再灌注。RTG组给予瑞替加滨(10.5mg/kg),假手术组和缺血再灌注组给予等量生理盐水。采用TTC染色法检测脑梗死体积;Longa评分法进行神经功能评分;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察海马神经元的形态变化;免疫组化法和Western blotting法测定小鼠缺血半影区半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)和细胞膜蛋白CD40L的表达水平。结果假手术组未发现脑梗死病灶,海马神经元无明显改变,Caspase-3阳性细胞数少见,无CD40L表达。MCAO组和RTG组均可见大脑中动脉供血区梗死灶,但RTG四个治疗组梗死灶均较MCAO组明显缩小(P<0.05),RTG 6h组较RTG 0h、RTG 1h、RTG 3h给药组小鼠脑梗死体积增大,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RTG各组较MCAO组神经功能明显改善。MCAO组海马区脑组织肿胀与坏死明显,RTG各治疗组脑水肿和神经元坏死病理损害明显较轻。RTG组Caspase-3阳性细胞数较MCAO组明显减少(P<0.05),0、1、3h治疗组最为显著。RTG 0h、RTG 1h及RTG 3h组梗死周围区CD40L含量均较MCAO组明显下降(P<0.05),RTG6h下降不明显(P>0.05)。结论 M型钾离子通道开放剂瑞替加滨对缺血性脑卒中具有脑保护作用,其机制可能是降低神经细胞的兴奋性,减轻缺血半影区的炎症反应,从而抑制细胞凋亡。M型钾离子通道开放剂的脑保护作用具有时间依赖性,即超过一定的时间窗脑保护作用会减弱。     

神经细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤延迟性瘫痪中的作用

目的研究细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤发生延迟性瘫痪中的作用。方法将48只新西兰白兔随机分为2组:对照组(sham)和缺血再灌注组(IR)。参照并改进Zivin方法建立兔脊髓腰骶段缺血再灌注延迟性瘫痪模型,比较各组动物不同时间点后肢运动功能及病理形态学变化;采用原位末端脱氧核糖核酸酶转移介导的脱氧尿三磷酸(dUTP)标记法(TUNEL法)检测神经细胞凋亡水平。结果HE染色显示,再灌注8 h组神经细胞形态基本正常,结构清楚,灰质中有少量空泡,但神经元细胞结构完好;再灌注24 h组:灰质中前角神经元细胞破坏严重,空泡形成,无明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注72 h组:灰质前角中大量空泡形成,尚残存数个结构清楚的运动神经元,有明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注168 h组:灰质中运动神经元消失,残存数个固缩坏死神经元。TUNEL法染色显示,sham组及再灌注8 h后,仅见非特异性染色。再灌注24 h后出现大量阳性细胞,至再灌注72 h阳性细胞数量达到最高峰,主要分布在前角运动神经元。再灌注1周后,灰质结构破坏严重,仅有少量神经元幸存,但其阳性细胞平均积分吸光度值仍较对照组高。结论脊髓缺血再灌注后发生延迟性瘫痪时,神经元死亡的方式主要是细胞凋亡。     

THE EFFECT OF LIGUSTRAZINE ON NEUROGENESIS IN CORTEX AFTER FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS

Objective To explore the effect of Ligustrazine on neurogenesis in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion with a suture. Two hours later, injection of Ligustrazine （80 mg/kg, 1 time/d） was performed peritoneally. Four hours after the ischemia, 5-bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） （50 mg/kg, 1 time/d） was injected peritoneally. At 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after ischemia, BrdU positive cells in the cortex were observed by cal staining. Results In ischemic model group, at 7 day, sparsely-distributed BrdU positive cells were observed in the Ⅱ-- Ⅵ layers of the ipsilateral cortex, with a bandlike distribution in ischemic penumbra. With the prolongation of ischemia, the number of BrdU positive cells increased. In Ligustrazine group, BrdU positive cells were also observed in theⅡ-- Ⅵ layers of the cortex, with an intense distribution in ischemic penumbra. The numbers of BrdU positive cells at 7 d, 14 d and 21 d were more than those in ischemic model group respectively. Conclusion Ligustrazine increases the proliferated cells in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. The results suggest that it may be useful for promoting self-repair after ischemia.     

川芎嗪对成体大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回细胞增殖的影响

目的研究川芎嗪(tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)细胞增殖的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠行2 h大脑中动脉阻塞手术,术后2 h开始腹腔注射TMP[40 mg/(kg.d)]。手术后腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿核苷(5-bromodeoxyuridine,BrdU),末次注射24 h后处死动物,免疫组化染色观察TMP对脑缺血再灌注损伤后DG细胞增殖的作用。结果正常组和假手术组在DG有少量BrdU阳性细胞,对照组缺血后1 d阳性细胞开始增加,14 d达到高峰(P<0.05),TMP治疗组缺血后1 d损伤侧BrdU阳性细胞数开始增加,7 d达高峰(P<0.05)。结论TMP能促进缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马齿状回内源性神经干细胞增殖。     

黄芩苷对大鼠缺血再灌注脑组织TNF-α、IL-1β表达的影响

目的探讨黄芩苷对大鼠缺血再灌注脑组织TNFα、IL1β的表达和脑水肿及超微结构的影响。方法采用大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,先将大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组及黄芩苷治疗组,再用免疫组化法检测脑组织缺血再灌注3、6、24hTNFα和IL1β的表达,用称重法测定缺血再灌注3、6h脑组织含水量,电子显微镜观察缺血再灌注24h脑组织的超微结构及黄芩苷对其影响。结果TNFα和IL1β在缺血再灌注3、6、24h明显表达,黄芩苷治疗组的表达较之明显降低(P<0.01);缺血再灌注3、6h脑组织含水量明显增高,黄芩苷治疗组脑组织含水量较之明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);脑组织超微结构显示:神经细胞肿胀、损伤以及细胞迟发性死亡程度显著减轻。结论黄芩苷能降低脑缺血再灌注后TNFα、IL1β的表达,具有一定的脑组织保护作用。     

川芎嗪对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的神经保护作用

目的观察川芎嗪对局灶性脑缺血后脑损伤的保护作用。方法采用线栓法制作大鼠左侧大脑中动脉阻塞模型。氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)脑片染色测定脑梗死体积,干湿重法测定脑组织含水量,快速Golgi银染方法观察脑缺血周围区神经元的形态改变。结果川芎嗪能明显缩小脑梗死体积、降低脑组织含水量,随着川芎嗪剂量增大,作用更为明显,具有剂量依赖性。脑缺血后14 d Golgi银染显示,模型组在梗死周围区神经元明显减少,变性和正常神经元共存。变性神经元主要表现为突起断裂、增粗,突起有大的串珠,树突棘减少。川芎嗪组较模型组皮质梗死周围神经元变性较少。结论川芎嗪能缩小脑梗死体积、减轻脑水肿、保护缺血周围神经元,证实川芎嗪对脑缺血损伤有保护作用。     

PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION OF EPENDYMAL CELLS IN THE BRAIN OF ADULT RATS AFTER PERMANENT FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

Objective Ependymal cells are thought to be the primary source of neural stem cells in the adult central nervous system. The purpose of this study is to examine spatial and temporal profiles of ependymal cell proliferation and migration after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion after injection of 10/μL of 0.2% Dil into the lateral ventricle. Rats were sacrificed and brain sections were acquired for pathological evaluation and laser confocal imaging at day 1,3,7,11,14,21 and 28 after ischemia. Results The density of Dil-labeled cells in the ischemic ipsilateral subventricular zone was significantly higher than that in the control group and these labeled cells dispersed in the ischemic ipsilateral subventricular zone and/or were located in ependyma from day 1 to 11. In the ischemic ipsilateral cortex, some Diilabeled cells occurred in peri-infarction and infarction of parietal region at day14 and peaked at day 21 when some Dil-labeled cell nodules were found in this region. During postischemic day 14--28, a significant decrease in labeled celldensity in the ischemic ipsilateral subventricular zone was coincident with a significant increase in labeled cells density in the cortex (peri-infarction and infarction). Conclusion The results indicate that ependymal cells proliferate and migrate after focal cerebral ischemia in the adult rat brain.     

Role of candesartan against cerebral ischemia and oxidative damage in normotensive rats

Objective Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) contributes to modulating blood pressure by stimulation of Ang Ⅱ AT1 receptors. We devised a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to assess whether oxidative damage is decreased after pretreatment with Angiotensin Ⅱ AT1 receptor blocker (ARB). Methods After 2 weeks pretreatment with ARB 0. 5 and 1 mg/kg, the male Wister rats were subjected to 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 24 h, the lumen diameter of middle cerebral artery, the plasma level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and HIF-1 a levels were recorded and compared. Results After pretrcatment with ARB 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, blood pressure did not significantly change compared with that of controls. In the group of candesartan at 1 mg/(kg· day), the lumen diameter was significantly increased compared to that in control group [(86.0±5.0) μm vs. (69.0± 2.1) μm; P<0. 01, n = 6- 8]. The plasma 8-OHdG levels of ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. In immunohistochemical findings, 8-OHdG- and HIF-1α-containing cells in ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. Conclusion Brain ischemia and oxidative damage can be reversed by AT1 receptor blockade in normotensive rats after transient cerebral artery occlusion.     

局灶脑缺血再灌流后c-fos和bcl-2基因的表达

为探讨短暂局灶脑缺血后不同灌流期即刻早期基因（ＩＥＧｓ）与凋亡抑制基因在同一脑区的表达状况,采用不开颅血管腔内置线法制作鼠大脑中动脉阻塞（ＭＣＡ０）的局灶缺血再灌流模型,通过免疫组化法观察原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在缺血３０ｍｉｎ再灌６ｈ和２４ｈ的表达。结果显示∶再灌６ｈ,二者在缺血同侧梨状皮层显著表达,而底节区表达很弱（Ｐ＜０．０１）;再灌２４ｈ,ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白在梨状皮层表达显著减弱（Ｐ＜０．０１）;ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达仍显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,且在底节区的表达有增强（Ｐ＞０．０５）。因而推论∶ｃ－ｆｏｓ与ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的表达可能与缺血损害的内源性保护机制有关。     

THE STUDY ON RELATION BETWEEN CD1a^＋ CELLS AND INFILTRATIVE CD3^＋ AND CD8^＋ CELLS IN RENAL TISSUE OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Objective To discuss the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in cellular immunity pathogenesis of glomerulonephritls (GN). Methods 114 patients with GN were selected randomly and divided into two groups,primary GN (pGN) and secondry GN (sGN). CDIa^ , CD3^ and CD8^ cells in bioptic renal tissues were examine dy immunohistochemically. The distribution of CDla cells and the infiltration of CD3^ and CD8^ cells in renal tissues were observed. Results There was no significant difference of CDIa^ , CD3^ , and CD8^ cells between pGN and sGN group (P＞0. 05). CDIa^ cells had significant positive correlation with the infiltrative CD3^ and CD8 cells,respectively (P＜0.01). The infiltrative CD3^ cells had significant positive correlation with the CD8 cells in the same area, respectively (P＜0.01). CD1a^ cells, CD3^ cells infiltrating in both glomeruli and renal interstitial tissues, and CD8^ cells only infiltrating in renal interstitial tissues, all of them had significant positive correlation with the degree of glomerular proliferation, respectively (P＜0.05). The infiltrative CD3^ and CD8^ cells in renal interstitial tissues had significant positive correlation with the degree of glomerular sclerosis and the lesion degree of renal tubule and interstitial, respectively (P~ 0. 05). There were significant positive correlation between CDla cells and the lesion degree of renal interstitial (P＜0.05). Collusion DCs could activate T lymphocyte by presenting antigen, then the activated T lymphocyte participate in the pathogenesls of GN through releasing cytokine and/or directly damaging the renal tubule and interstitial, which produce more serious glomeralar lesion.     

神经干细胞的分离培养与鉴定

目的　分离培养新生鼠神经干细胞并获得细胞克隆 ,同时建立良好的传代方法。方法　取新生大鼠大脑室管膜、脑室周围及海马细胞 ,经消化及机械吹打后接种于加有N2添加剂及生长因子的DMEM/F12 培养基 ,悬浮培养 ;用含血清而不含生长因子的培养基贴壁培养 ,促使分化 ;最后用免疫细胞化学方法进行染色鉴定。结果　分离培养的细胞多聚集生长 ,并形成细胞克隆 ,可以传代 ;细胞为圆形或椭圆形 ,经鉴定为nestin抗原阳性 ;分化后细胞分别表达神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞特异性抗原。结论　分离培养的细胞具有自我更新和多向分化能力 ,表达神经干细胞的特异性抗原nestin ,是神经系统的干细胞。