基于改进广义α算法的锚泊线动力分析

针对锚泊线的非线性特性,采用三维弹性杆理论推导锚泊线的控制方程,并应用迦辽金法将方程离散成适用于锚泊线动力分析的微分方程形式。针对锚泊线上端受高频一阶波浪力的扰动作用显著的特点,提出采用具有可控数值阻尼,能够有效地滤除高频响应的广义α算法对锚泊线进行动力分析,并在原有广义α算法的基础上,提出适用于变质量系统的改进型广义α算法。同时分别从理论研究和实例分析角度将广义α算法与传统的Newmark算法进行对比,结果表明广义α算法在稳定性,准确性及数值阻尼特性等方面均具有优势。     

浮标锚系稳定性计算与分析

锚泊系统合理性、稳定性是保障浮标可靠性的关键因素。通过建立悬链线方程,推导出浮标锚链长度的计算方法,给出处于自悬链状态的临界值,通过锚系状态的判断以及锚驻力的计算分析锚泊稳定性。以长江口深水航道某水域航标设置情况为例,按此法对锚泊稳定性进行分析,并提出改变系泊方式、合理配置系链长度、增加锚驻力等措施增加浮标锚泊稳定性,为航标设计提供参考。     

锚泊线的时域及频域动力分析

本文提出了锚泊线动力分析的一种计算方法，即应用摄动法对非线性锚泊线动力方程作摄动展开，将得到的一阶摄动方程在频率域内求解；然后对频率域解－频率响应函数作Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ反变换，得到时域内的脉冲响应，再根据给定的输入计算时域响应历程。本文还介绍了为验证这一方法所进行的模型试验。通过模型试验得到了锚泊线的频率响应函数，与理论计算基本符合。     

深水单点系泊海洋气象浮标的水动力分析

在动力学的分析基础上,运用国外大型商业软件OrcaFlex,建立深海单点系泊气象浮标模型,通过改变浮标系统自身的参数及一些海况参数如波高,波浪周期,对该浮标系统进行动力学分析,能够给出该浮标系统比较优化的设计改进思路,及对该浮标系统工作海况给出一些建议。为浮标锚泊系统实际应用及生产设计提供一定的指导。     

极浅水多体波浪能发电装置锚泊系统设计

采用三维势流理论对多体波浪能发电装置进行频域水动力计算,分析极浅水效应和多体间相互作用对单体发电装置的水动力性能的影响。利用Orcaflex软件建立多体波浪能发电装置数值模型,浮体间采用铰接进行连接,并利用弹簧单元模拟发电液压缸的弹性阻尼作用。为极浅水多体波浪能发电装置设计合理的锚泊方案,采用时域动态耦合方法进行分析,同时考虑极浅水效应、多体影响和二阶低频力,根据API规范对自存工况下的锚泊缆强度进行校核,并对确定选用的锚泊方案进行敏感性分析。通过对计算结果进行分析,发现在进行浅水多浮体锚泊设计时,低频波浪载荷、多体相互作用和海底摩擦不可忽视;对于极浅水的锚泊系统设计,Lazy wave 型锚泊形式优于传统悬链线式锚泊。上述研究工作为近海极浅水海域新型海洋能发电装置锚泊系统的设计提供了新的参考和思路。     

极浅水多体波浪能发电装置锚泊系统设计

采用三维势流理论对多体波浪能发电装置进行频域水动力计算,分析极浅水效应和多体间相互作用对单体发电装置的水动力性能影响。利用Orcaflex软件建立多体波浪能发电装置数值模型,浮体间采用铰接进行连接,并利用弹簧单元模拟发电液压缸的弹性阻尼作用。为极浅水多体波浪能发电装置设计合理的锚泊方案,采用时域动态耦合方法进行分析,同时考虑极浅水效应、多体影响和二阶低频力,根据API规范对自存工况下的锚泊缆强度进行校核,并对确定选用的锚泊方案进行敏感性分析。分析计算结果发现:在进行浅水多浮体锚泊设计时,低频波浪载荷、多体相互作用和海底摩擦不可忽视;对于极浅水的锚泊系统设计,Lazy wave型锚泊形式优于传统悬链线式锚泊。研究工作为近海极浅水海域新型海洋能发电装置锚泊系统的设计提供了参考和新思路。     

远海作业锚泊定位大型抓斗船时域耦合分析

在环境复杂、作业水深较大的远海开敞海域进行作业时,大型抓斗船需采用锚泊定位方式,且船体运动响应受风浪影响较大。同时,在抓斗提升和旋转过程中,抓斗运动速度快,提升质量大,抓斗出水时全船所受载荷发生瞬时变化,加上复杂环境载荷的作用,对船舶安全具有很大影响。以适用于远海开敞海域、采用锚泊定位方式的200m3级大型抓斗疏浚船为研究对象,建立了船舶的水动力计算模型,对其运动响应RAO和载荷RAO进行了计算分析。考虑船舶主体、抓斗及锚泊系统之间耦合作用的影响,对抓斗作业时提升和旋转过程中船舶运动响应和锚泊线张力进行时域动力分析,得到了该船动力载荷结果,为后续的设计工作提供基础。     

深水复合锚泊线动力特性比较分析

为了研究复合锚泊线的动力特性,文章对完全相同的两根复合锚泊线,保持其他条件不变,用聚酯纤维系缆代替钢索,使锚泊线顶端张力-静位移特性曲线基本一致,然后采用数值模拟的方法对整根复合锚泊线的动力特性进行比较分析。比较两种复合锚泊线的自振频率、复合刚度和锚泊阻尼。建立复合锚泊线的二维非线性有限元动力分析模型,基于Del Vecchio(1992)提出的经验公式,采用迭代的方法计算复合锚泊线的刚度,比较上部平台分别发生慢漂和波频运动时刚度的变化。锚泊线和海床之间的接触作用基于刚性海床假定,基于Morrison公式计算锚泊线的惯性力和拖曳力荷载,给定上部平台运动时程后在时域范围内进行复合锚泊线的动力分析,通过计算锚泊线从平台运动中吸收的能量,得到锚泊系统的阻尼,比较上部平台分别发生慢漂和波频运动时阻尼的变化。     

三阶摄动对锚泊线动力分析的影响

本文研究了作用在锚泊线上的水动力表达式中三阶项对锚泊线动力分析的影响。由于慢荡运动的特性,可以认为对于系泊结构物,二阶摄动已经包含运动的主要部分。但水动力的表达式对其平衡位置反对称,在表达式中只有线性项存在。为了研究水动力的非线性是否对锚泊线的动力产生影响,本文推导了三阶摄动方程,并用推导的三阶理论进行了理论研究。对计算结果的分析,可以发现三阶摄动在低频范围内对锚泊线的动力分析影响不大。     

深水作业浮标系泊系统研究与设计

以工作在我国南海海域、工作水深为500 m的深水浮标为研究对象,采用理论分析和数值计算的研究方法 ,对其系泊系统进行了研究设计,在满足相关要求的前提下对浮标外形进行总体设计,并对浮标的水动力系数及波浪载荷展开研究,根据浮标的水动力性能,利用锚泊分析软件对浮标作业状态进行数值模拟分析,最后根据API规范对系泊链进行强度校核,经过优化设计研究出一套稳定可靠的系泊系统。     

Validation of a dynamic mooring model coupled with a RANS solver

Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures.     

卸载浮标系统运动响应分析*

深水卸载浮标系统具有相对较小的排水量和惯性,其系泊缆索的质量、阻尼和刚度会对卸载浮标系统产生非常大的影响,因而对浮标和其系泊系统进行准确的耦合动力响应分析十分重要.应用边界元方法计算浮标的水动力,通过快速傅立叶变换,将频域计算结果变换到时域;基于全量的拉格朗日表述和两节点的等参索单元,应用几何非线性有限元方法和Newmark方法计算了系泊缆索张力;最后应用四阶龙哥库塔法计算浮标及其系泊缆索的时域耦合运动方程,得到浮标运动响应和缆索张力.     

海洋潜标系统布放动力学分析

布放是浮标系统投入使用前的一个关键的作业过程。研究海洋潜标系统布放过程中的水动力特性,对安全顺利地实现布放有重要的意义。考虑海洋潜标系统各部分的水动力作用和系留索的弹性变形,通过时域模拟海洋潜标系统在500m水深海域的采用浮标先行投放法的布放过程,计算了海洋潜标系统布放过程中的动态响应,并分析了波高、作业船速度和系留索弯曲刚度对布放的影响。得到的结果表明：锚位会滞后于锚投放点;系留索曲率和有效张力的最值都出现在缆索与锚的连接段;锚触底时缆索瞬时张力达到峰值;系留索的弯曲刚度是影响布放的重要因素,随着弯曲刚度增大,锚位明显前移,系留索的有效张力峰值和曲率都会降低;波高和作业船速度的改变对于浮标系统布放的动态响应的影响幅度很小。     

深海平台复合单系泊缆形状和张力分析

以一工作水深为310 m的转塔式浮式生产存储系统为例研究了复合单系泊缆索静力特性的计算方法,用C++编写了基于悬链线方程式的深海平台系泊缆形状和张力的分析计算程序,计算并分析了复合单缆在无浮筒重物、只有浮筒、只有重物、既有浮筒又有重物四种情况下的形状和张力,为动力计算提供条件。本方法简单直观,并且完成一次计算所耗时间不到1 s,特别适合于需要多次迭代计算复杂系泊系统静力特性的等效水深截断系统优化设计。     

Dynamic analysis of a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with shared moorings in extreme environmental conditions

The concept of a shared mooring system was proposed to reduce mooring and anchoring costs. Shared moorings also add complexity to the floating offshore wind farm system and pose design challenges. To understand the system dynamics, this paper presents a dynamic analysis for a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with a shared mooring system in extreme environmental conditions. First, a numerical model of the floating offshore wind farm was established in a commercial simulation tool. Then, time-domain simulations were performed for the parked wind farm under extreme wind and wave conditions. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the influence of loading directions and shared line mooring properties. To highlight the influence of the shared line, the results were compared to those of a single spar floating wind turbine, and larger platform motions and higher tension loads in single lines are observed for the wind farm with shared moorings. The loading direction affects the platform motions and mooring response of the floating offshore wind farm. Comparing the investigated loading directions to the 0-deg loading direction, the variation of mean mooring tension at the fairlead is up to 84% for single lines and 16% for the shared line. The influence of the shared line properties in the platform motions and the structural responses is limited. These findings improve understanding of the dynamic characteristics of floating offshore wind farms with a shared mooring system.     

Truss Spar平台在不同系泊线组合下的动态响应分析（英文）

The dynamic responses of any floating platform are dependent on the mass, stiffness and damping characteristics of the body as well as mooring system. Therefore, it is very essential to study the effect of individual contributions to the system that can finally help to economise their cost. This paper focuses on the effect of mooring stiffness on the responses of a truss spar platform, obtained by different grouping of lines. The study is part of our present researches on mooring systems which include the effect of line pretension, diameter and azimuth angles. The platform is modelled as a rigid body with three degrees-of-freedom and its motions are analyzed in time-domain using the implicit Newmark Beta technique. The mooring lines restoring force-excursion relationship is evaluated using a quasi-static approach. It is observed that the mooring system with lines arranged in less number of groups exhibits better performance in terms of the restoring forces as well as mean position of platform. However, the dynamic motions of platform remain unaffected for different line groups.     

水深对FPSB多点系泊系统特性的影响研究

针对某服役于南海海域的大型"浮式处理与补给基地"(FPSB),采用准动态方法对其辐射状系泊系统展开多方面研究。采用三维势流理论计算了FPSB的水动力性能,获得系泊定位分析所需的附加质量、势流阻尼、船体慢漂载荷以及船体运动RAO。分析水深对FPSB多点系泊系统定位能力的影响,研究不同水深条件下,船体的偏移和系泊缆张力的特性。计算表明,水深对系泊系统的几何特征、定位性能均产生一定影响;此外,当水深变化引起系泊系统的定位能力减弱而无法达到规范要求时,还给出相关的解决措施,为实际工程操作提供有价值的参考。     

A survey on modeling and control of thruster-assisted position mooring systems

This review presents a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art development of technological solutions, modeling, and control strategies of thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) systems. The survey serves as a starting point for exploring automatic control and real-time monitoring solutions proposed for TAPM systems. A brief historical background of the mooring systems is given. The kinematics and a simplified kinetic control-design model of a TAPM system are derived in accordance with established control methods, including a quasistatic linearized model for the restoring and damping forces based on low-frequency horizontal motions of the vessel. In addition, another two mooring line models, i.e., the catenary equation and the finite element method model, are presented for the purpose of higher-fidelity simulations. The basic TAPM control strategies are reviewed, including heading control, surge-sway damping, roll–pitch damping (for semisubmersibles), and line break detection and compensation. Details on the concepts of setpoint chasing for optimal positioning of a vessel at the equilibrium position are discussed based on balancing the mooring forces with the environmental loads and avoiding mooring line failure modes. One method for setpoint chasing is the use of a structural reliability index, accounting for both mean mooring line tensions and dynamic effects. Another method is the use of a lowpass filter on the position of the vessel itself, to provide a reference position. The most advanced method seems to be the use of a fault-tolerant control framework that, in addition to direct fault detection and isolation in the mooring system, incorporates minimization of either the low-frequency tensions in the mooring lines or minimization of the reliability indices for the mooring lines to select the optimal directions for the setpoint to move. A hybrid (or supervisory switching) control method is also presented, where a best-fit control law and observer law are automatically selected among a bank of control and observer algorithms based on the supervision of the sea-state and automatic switching logic.     

深水悬链复合锚泊线疲劳损伤计算

以某座Spar平台的锚泊系统为研究对象,首先利用三维绕射理论计算Spar平台主体波浪力,得到平台的总体运动响应时程。再建立复合锚泊线的二维非线性有限元动力分析模型,基于DelVecchio(1992)提出的经验公式,采用迭代的方法计算复合锚泊线的刚度。锚泊线和海床之间的接触作用基于刚性海床假定,基于Morrison公式计算锚泊线的惯性力和拖曳力荷载,根据计算得到的平台主体运动响应时程作为锚泊线顶端输入条件,在时域范围内进行复合锚泊线的动力分析。计算得到中国南海某海域各短期海况条件下复合锚泊线应力的时间历程曲线,采用雨流法对其计数得到对应于各短期海况条件下的疲劳载荷谱。最后根据Miner线性累积损伤模型,对复合锚泊线在长期海况条件下的疲劳损伤进行比较计算。     

浮标系泊结构的参数优化匹配方法研究

针对浅海浮标系泊结构姿态控制问题,进行系统参数优化匹配计算方法研究.首先进行系泊结构力学分析,建立系统的力和力矩平衡方程,推导出系泊系统状态的描述方程;采用系泊系统起锚角和检测设备舱的倾斜角度为约束条件,取锚链型号和重物球质量作为设计变量,建立锚链的垂直高度相对误差最小为目标的系统参数优化匹配的数学模型;用最小二乘法求解非线性方程组,进行分层变量优化计算.所提出的系泊系统结构参数优化计算方法可为浮标系泊系统结构设计提供理论依据.