Effect of remelting current on molten pool profile of titanium alloy ingot during vacuum arc remelting process

The performance of vacuum arc remelting (VAR) ingot depends largely on ingot structure and chemical uniformity, which are strongly influenced by molten pool profile that is influenced by VAR process. To better understand the effect of remelting current on molten pool profile of titanium alloy ingot during VAR process, a 3D finite element model is developed by the ANSYS software. The results show that there are three remelting stages during VAR process when the remelting current is 2.0 kA. The molten pool depth increases gradually from 30 to 320 s, then the change of molten pool depth is very small during the steady state stage from 320 to 386 s, and lastly the molten pool depth becomes shallow after 386 s. The melting rate and temperature of superheat increase with the remelting current increasing, which leads to the augment of molten pool volume. In the end, the total remelting time and steady state molten pool time decrease with the melting current from 1.6 to 2.8 kA.     

送粉激光熔覆温度场数值分析

在ANSYS平台上,建立了瞬态三维送粉激光熔覆熔池温度场的物理模型,对在特种钢材34CrNiMo为基材上进行Ni基粉末激光熔覆的过程进行了数值模拟.使用生死单元法来模拟熔覆粉末在熔池形成前后与熔池的交互作用,计算出了激光熔覆熔池的自由表面形状、熔池温度场.计算所得熔池截面形状与试验熔池截面形状基本吻合,证明所建立的瞬态三维激光熔覆熔池温度场的物理模型是正确合理的.     

静磁场对熔融液滴振荡变形影响的相场模拟

为了解静磁场作用下熔融液滴振荡过程的特征,采用相场法数值模拟了硅熔体液滴的界面变形和内部对流过程,分析了轴向静磁场对初始形状为二阶Legendre函数硅熔体液滴界面振荡和内部对流的影响.研究表明:施加静磁场以后,液滴收缩较快,说明静磁场抑制了液滴内部流动;随着磁场强度从0增加至0.9 T,流函数最大值从0.57减小到0.08,液滴的界面振荡和内部对流逐渐减弱,液滴的长短轴比更快趋近于1,但磁场对液滴的振荡周期没有明显影响,显示相场法能够模拟密度较大的熔融液滴的界面振荡和内部对流过程.      

铁水运输调度双层多目标约束优化模型

为实现铁水运输作业排程与资源分配的协同优化，基于约束程序累积调度和字典序多目标优化理论，研究了铁水运输调度双层多目标约束优化方法.首先，基于铁水罐周转率最高和作业效率最高2个字典序优化目标，考虑作业时序、作业实施逻辑、铁水温降时限、铁水罐作业次数限制、资源容量限制和铁水罐资源池等约束条件，建立了上层的铁水运输作业排程约束优化模型；其次，以资源利用均衡度最高为目标，将作业实施唯一性和资源容量限制作为约束条件，建立了下层的铁水运输资源分配约束优化模型；最后，通过约束传播与多点构建性搜索的混合算法迭代求解整个模型.通过实例验证表明：设计的混合算法求得的铁水罐周转率目标和运输作业效率目标，比基本深度优先回溯算法分别提高了14.29%和60.53%；字典序多目标模型比加权和单目标模型求解效率和求解质量分别提高了20.3%和11.11%.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of splat formation on substrates in plasma spraying

Plasma sprayed coatings are built up by the accumulation of splats formed by the impacting, spreading and solidifying of molten droplets on the substrate. A three-dimensional computational model including heat transfer and solidification is established to simulate the formation process of a single splat using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, FLUENT. The fluid flow and energy equations are discretized and solved according to typical finite volume method on an unstructured grid. A volume of fluid (VOF) tracking algorithm is used to track the droplet flow with free surface. In order to understand the splat formation mechanism, the process of splat formation caused by impacting and spreading of a molten nickel droplet on a polished mild steel surface is simulated. On this basis, the simulations of impact of a molten droplet on substrate with different conditions including the surface morphology, thermal conductivity, initial temperature of the substrate and the thermal contact resistance are presented. The results clearly show the effect of those parameters on the shape of the final splat and splash behaviors.     

Analysis of stress and strain fields of laser cladding process on ring circular orbit

The cracking of coatings and the deformation of base frustrate the application of laser cladding technology especially on surface of the ring circular orbit. In order to solve the two problems above, the stress and strain fields of the laser cladding process on the ring circular orbit were analyzed through the finite-element method, based on the temperature field. The wedge module of the ring circular ring was the subject investigated. The calculating results show that during the cladding process the crank point tends to generate the transversal crack; the centre point on the coating/base interface tends to generate longitudinal crack; the intersecting edge of the coating and base tends to generate toe crack. Moreover, the cracking tendency of the outer marginal point is obviously greater than that of the inner marginal point. The rather high stress appears at the border position where the constraint exists, and the stress on the point in front of molten pool under the range of laser irradiation is large as well. And the displacement becomes larger as the cladding process proceeds.     

Current Density Distribution in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process

IntroductionWeldingisacriticaltechnologyinbuildingnuclearreactors,shins,piPelinesandinatomobilemanufaCtuing.BatuPtil1noWtheearemanyproblemsinPractice,understandingthedeVlopmentoftheweldpoolduringweldingisofconsiderablePracticalsignificance.BecauseofthecomPlexityoftheprocessandtl1ePresenceofthebrightarc,directexPerimentalinvestigationsareextremelyexPensiveandoftenimPossibleorimPracticable,thensomemathematicalmethodsareadoptedtosett1PthetfansiellttemPerattirefieldandthefluidflowfieldofthew…     

两种大间隙磁流体密封聚磁结构性能的对比

用有限元方法分析了对齿聚磁结构的大间隙聚磁性能,并与同尺寸的单侧极齿聚磁结构比较.结果表明,对齿聚磁结构的磁通汇聚作用较好,在沿平行于密封间隙的方向上中间极齿间隙磁场的最大磁通密度差远大于单侧极齿聚磁结构,密封性能约为单侧极齿聚磁结构的2倍,而且有利于克服高速旋转时作用在磁流体的离心力,以适应高速转动轴类的磁流体密封.     

微通道气液柱塞流头部流场三维实验研究

为研究微通道气液柱塞流三维流场特性,采用三维Micro PIV技术对微通道气液柱塞流进行实验研究,通过处理分析柱塞流图像,获得气泡前部区域的示踪颗粒分布图和三维速度分布图.研究结果表明:在气泡前部区域存在两个对称的方向相反的漩涡;在气柱头部附近区域,流体以较大速度沿着气柱表面流动;在远离气柱头部的区域,与单相流有类似的抛物线速度分布;在气液界面和壁面之间的流体运动复杂,有可能流向气液界面,也有可能流向壁面,气液界面近似为刚性.      

质量偏心对裂纹转子系统振动特性的影响研究

将叶轮转子系统简化为Jeffcott转子,在非线性油膜力和流体激振力作用下建立了带有裂纹的转子系统的动力学模型,并推导了系统的无量纲运动方程.运用数值积分法研究了系统响应的分岔特性,分析了质量偏心对裂纹转子分岔特性的影响.结果表明:质量偏心越大,对裂纹转子系统响应的影响也越大.     

传感器智能芯片与阵列光纤对接平台运动顺序优化

从运动平台空间运动可能存在的720种运动顺序配置入手, 针对智能芯片与阵列光纤对接过程各运动单元产生的几何误差进行敏感性分析, 通过区分和归类各运动单元的敏感误差和不敏感误差, 将运动平台运动顺序配置数减少到90;考虑到运动平台各运动单元具有均匀分散、齐整可比的特性, 运用正交试验设计方法将敏感误差和不敏感误差确定为3个水平, 将6个运动单元确定为6个影响因素, 建立了对应的正交试验表, 得出了5条运动顺序配置的试验路径; 借助MATLAB仿真平台对5条运动顺序配置的试验路径进行了仿真试验, 获得了运动平台运动顺序最优配置; 在封装系统多自由度精密运动平台上进行了实测试验, 检验了仿真试验结果。试验结果表明: 传感器智能芯片与阵列光纤对接的运动平台在空间直角坐标系中最优的运动顺序为先沿横轴平动, 再绕横轴转动, 再绕纵轴转动, 最后沿纵轴平动; 该方法可优化光纤扫描雷达传感器智能芯片与阵列光纤对接的运动平台的空间运动顺序, 还可预测和规划其他多自由度运动平台的配准路径。      

深水桥梁墩水耦合抗震分析方法

为正确采用动水压力计算方法,提出了一种新的深水桥梁墩水耦合计算方法结合法,即将Morison方程与计算流体力学相结合,分析深水桥梁墩水耦合抗震问题.ANSYS-CFX模型计算表明:结合法能较好地进行墩水耦合抗震分析;深水环境使墩顶最大弹性位移减小,最大刚体位移增大,结构整体变形增大;刚体运动附加动水力对桥墩起主要作用,但应同时考虑弹性振动引起的动水压力.      

Influence of excitation frequency on slosh-induced impact pressures of liquefied natural gas tanks

Liquid sloshing phenomena in No. 2 tank of 140 km³ liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers have been studied numerically and experimentally. The scale of the model tank was selected as 1/55.9. Roll and pitch motions were tested. For measuring impact pressures, seventeen pressure sensors were installed on the tank model. A large number of excitation frequencies and filling heights were investigated. The experimental results showed that when the frequency of tank motion is close to the natural frequency of fluid inside the tank, large impact pressures may be caused. Resonance frequencies and maximum impact pressures of different filling height were presented. Among all the experimental situations, the maximum impact pressure always occurs at the place near 70% height of tank where should be especially concerned. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the sloshing in the tank. The model was based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, with a standard κ-ɛ turbulence model. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to predict free surface elevations. Dynamic mesh technique was used to update the volume mesh. Computations for pressure time histories and peak pressures were compared to experimental results. Good agreement was observed.     

基于交通流灰色关联熵的交通流无序转化研究

用Matlab软件编制皮埃莱（Bierley）模型来产生仿真交通流．在一定参数组合情况下,仿真研究了交通流车队中前后车辆的车头间距变化过程．通过分析这种车头间距的变化曲线,可以明显地观察到交通流无序运动和有序运动之间的转化过程;提出了交通流灰色关联熵模型,并通过该模型对交通流无序转化过程作了分析．结果表明：交通流无序转化过程中存在交通流混沌现象,但其转化过程并不等同于交通流混沌运动的转化过程;交通流从无序运动转化为有序运动的必要条件是从外界获得负熵——信息熵．     

Determination of interfacial heat flux of stainless steel solidification on copper substrate during the first 0.2 s

Interfacial heat transfer is a key issue in many solidification processes. In the paper, a novel experimental apparatus has been designed and on this basis, the instantaneous interfacial heat transfer between molten steel or solidified shell and copper substrate during the first 0.2 s has been studied. The investigated parameters include melt superheat, substrate temperature and surface roughness. The results show that the peak value of the interfacial heat flux in the first stage of liquid/solid contact increases with melt superheat and changes slightly with substrate temperature and surface roughness. The interfacial heat flux in the stage of solid/solid contact has a similar trend of slow decrease in most conditions.     

山区地形对桥位风场影响的数值模拟

为研究山区地形对处于峡谷中桥梁风场特性的影响,以建设在某峡谷中的一座大跨度桥梁为研究背景,利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,设计了数值模拟方法,对桥址处风场进行计算分析.在利用实验数据验证模拟方法可靠性的基础上,通过不同来流方向的计算结果,分析了山区地形对主梁上顺桥向和横桥向的风速、风攻角及桥位处的平均风剖面分布的影响,以及峡谷效应产生的风速放大系数.研究结果表明:桥位来流方向的高耸山体会影响该侧主梁上水平风速的分布,并在该侧产生向下的风攻角;峡谷内的风剖面下部会发生畸变;特定的来流方向会在跨中产生风速放大效应.      

晃荡冲击影响下的潜艇运动实用稳定性分析

液舱内自由液面的晃荡会影响船舶的稳定性。通过引入实用稳定性的概念,研究了在晃荡影响下的潜艇运动实用稳定性。利用计算流体力学软件对潜艇横摇过程中液舱的液面晃荡进行了模拟计算,根据仿真结果,分析了液舱晃荡对潜艇稳定性的影响,建立了液舱晃荡和潜艇横摇运动的耦合作用模型。通过数值仿真,验证了在液舱晃荡影响下的潜艇横摇运动系统的实用稳定性,从而证明了该方法的可行性。     

运动约束亚音速二维粘弹性壁板的非线性颤振

为研究粘弹性悬臂壁板在亚音速气流和非线性运动约束联合作用下的稳定性及非线性颤振,基于Hamilton原理建立了悬臂壁板的运动方程,并采用Galerkin方法将其转化为常微分方程组,在参数平面内研究了系统的颤振失稳及发散失稳边界.采用数值模拟方法并根据不同的运动响应将颤振失稳区划分为3个子区域,研究了颤振失稳区内,系统复杂的运动响应.结果表明:系统出现了颤振失稳;非线性因素系统在颤振失稳后处于极限环运动状态;周期-3运动及周期-5运动会伴随着混沌运动产生;随着动压的增大,系统最后将呈现发散运动.      

相场法模拟悬浮熔融硅液滴内部对流及自由界面变形现象

为了模拟具有高密度比的两相流,提出采用牛顿迭代求解半隐式格式离散Cahn-Hilliard方程的方法,应用相场法模拟水的溃坝流和水下气泡的上升变形过程,发现水碰到右边壁面时,水面上卷,气泡在浮力作用下逐渐上升,从球形逐渐变为帽形,模拟结果与界面跟踪法模拟结果一致,验证了数值算法的正确性.在此基础上,数值模拟了悬浮熔融硅液滴的流动、变形过程,结果表明,具有初始变形的液滴在表面张力的作用下逐渐收缩,液滴内产生对流,然后,液滴逐渐变为长条状,液滴内分布着4个涡胞,沿纵向排列.     

Surge Response of a Compliant Offshore Structure by Time Domain Simulation

A single-degree-of-freedom equation of motion was used for modeling a compliant offshore structure exposed to viscous hydrodynamic loads. The equation of motion contains nonlinearities in the forms of both Duffing stiffness and Morison drag force with current. The water particle velocity and acceleration for calculating the Morison inertia and drag forces are modeled as Gaussian processes based on a Pierson-Moskowitz (P-M) elevation spectrum. The single-degree-of-freedom equation of motion containing different ocean current values are then numerically integrated via a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. Time trajectories of the surge response displacements of the offshore structure and the response probability density curves are obtained. Furthermore, the ocean current influences on the response central moments up to the fourth order are studied. A literature review reveals that this is the first treatment of such a pair of nonlinearities in time domain. The simulation results are analyzed, and some conclusions valuable for engineering design are pointed out.