基于仿生学的四足行走机构优化设计

提出了一种仿生的四足行走机构设计方法,将单条腿分解为驱动机构和腿机构,利用数学模型对两个机构的结合点处的运动轨迹进行拟合和优化,在此基础上进行了足端的轨迹优化及运动特性分析.结果表明,整体机构能够完成预定的设计目标,机构运动速度及加速度轨迹比较合理,对角小跑型步态整体机构的运动模拟也能够实现.     

基于多连杆的机器人步行机构运动特性分析

在研究设计机器人步行系统过程中,对所设计机器人步行机构的运动特性进行了理论分析和仿真实验,得出了步行机构落足点的运动轨迹曲线.步行机构为多连杆机构,共6组,每组结构相同.该机构采用1台电机,通过机构传动,来实现落足点周期性的运动,从而实现机器人的前进、后退以及一定范围内的越障.该步行机构满足落足点运动轨迹的一般要求：前半个周期实现迈步动作,落足点尽可能的高于地面,并有一定的水平位移;后半个周期使落足点回到初始位置,并保证其轨迹尽可能的与地面平行.     

基于差分进化算法的平面四杆机构轨迹和速度双目标优化综合

提出了用差分进化算法实现平面四杆机构轨迹和速度双目标优化综合,以位置误差最小和速度值误差最小为双目标函数,并把原动件的角速度也作为设计变量之一．差分进化算法简单易执行,结合实际问题对算法的变异操作、选择操作和控制参数做出了改进,并分别对不同的轨迹和速度情况进行了计算求解,结果证明了算法的可行性、有效性及全局寻优能力．     

新型四轮腿式月球车轮腿结构设计及分析

为提高月球车的越障性能,结合月球表面形状特征,设计出一种新型特种车辆行走机构,提出该物种车轮腿机构类型综合的方法,按设计目标要求从平面五杆机构中优选出月球车轮腿设计方案,使新型月球车具有较强越障能力,该特种车轮腿结构简单,腿结构通过悬架与车身弹性相连并形成封闭三角形结构,根据月面形状的变化合理设定典型月面形状下各轮腿姿态,稳定性及月面适应性得到提高.运用虚拟样机技术对月球车在复杂月面的运动情况进行了仿真分析.     

6自由度喷涂机器人的设计与仿真

根据动车车体腻子刮涂自动化的需求,研究设计了一种适用于喷涂大型工件的机器人,确定了机器人的6个自由度,绘制出机器人二维简图,推导出运动学正逆解,通过Matlab建立了机器人的三维模型,然后进行了轨迹的仿真,仿真结果表明,轨迹没有出现波动和奇异性,整体和各个关节的运动曲线也比较平稳、响应快速,能够达到工艺的要求;运用蒙特卡洛方法求解出机器人的工作空间,仿真结果的点云图验证了所设计的机器人工作空间能够涵盖整体的需要喷涂的工件.     

湛江海湾大桥索梁锚固结构足尺模型试验

为了深入研究锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的传力机理和应力分布规律，评估其安全性和可靠性，以湛江海湾大桥为工程背景，对锚拉板式索梁锚固结构进行了足尺模型试验，并与非线性有限元仿真结果进行了比较．研究表明：锚拉板与锚拉筒连接焊缝处应力水平较高，远离焊缝应力分布趋于均匀；结构整体受力合理，具有足够的安全储备，但局部存在应力集中，设计时应予以注意．     

乒乓球击球机械臂运动控制优化

针对乒乓球七自由度训练机械臂运动时间较长的问题,提出一种基于改进的三次B样条曲线和遗传优化算法的评判求机械臂击球轨迹最优规划方法,从而使机械臂在最短时间内击球成功,实现乒乓球运动七自由度机械臂的灵活控制.仿真结果表明,采用改进的遗传优化算法对机械臂运动轨迹进行优化后,乒乓球机械臂运动时间缩短了0.6 s左右,机械臂接球成功率由43%提升至76%.由此可知,优化机械臂运动时间能够进一步提高击球成功率,优化后的轨迹有利于乒乓球机械臂击球成功.     

基于运动构件的拓扑优化方法研究

针对运动机构中零件拓扑优化设计的问题,利用刚柔耦合动力学仿真分析为运动构件提供边界条件,进而利用惯性释放进行分析。利用惯性释放的方法可以保证复杂运动机构中零件拓扑优化方案的可信度。以转向连杆机构中某零部件为例,介绍了运动构件的拓扑优化新的设计思路。     

新型限滑差速器及空间凸轮结构的优化

针对现有轮式车辆中限滑差速器存在的问题,提出了一种新型限滑差速器总成结构．首先根据凸轮机构从动件数学模型及运动规律,利用共轭曲面包络原理及微分几何理论,推导出新型限滑差速器关键元件空间凸轮机构的工作廓面方程及在接触点处的诱导法曲率方程,然后以接触点处的诱导法曲率最小化,作为新型限滑差速器空间凸轮结构优化设计目标．结果表明,诱导法曲率随从动件半径和运动周期增大而减小,有利于减小曲面间的接触应力;但由于从动件参考工作区域变小,局部磨损加剧,使新型限滑差速器机构工作寿命缩短．     

整体弹性关节四连杆机构动力学分析

整体弹性关节机构作为一种精密传动机构与传统机构相比具备突出的特征，文中比较了其特点并说明了其应用．并以四连杆机构为例讨论了整体弹性关节机构在忽略质量和惯性时的运动学、动力学分析问题，最后通过实例计算说明其求解过程．     

AN EFFECTIVE HUMAN LEG MODELING METHOD

IntroductionFFD is a widely used technique in the field ofsolid modeling and computer animation.Seder-berg and Parry introduced the conceptof FFD[1] ,and Barr provided the basic deformation methodfor FFD[2 ] .Although there are several versionsof FFD in the related literature[3～ 6 ] ,they havethe same basic idea:1 Constructa lattice space.The space can be of any shape,not restricted toparallel- piped cube[5 ] .2 Embed the object intothe lattice space.In other words,impose a localcoordi…     

Symmetry based searching process for initial conditions of passive running

Symmetrical passive running of a simple spring model is commonly used to predict the locomotion of real animals and develop the design strategies for legged systems. If the initial conditions for running can be found automatically, we can expand the ranges of the model parameters freely. To achieve this objective, we derive an efficient searching procedure based on analysis of the symmetries. Using this process, the desired initial states of the passive running are obtained. Existence of the results reveals that the leg symmetries can be used to generate the symmetrical running. Moreover, the leg forces are associated with the running pattern, implying that we should choose suitable motion for the given model characteristics.     

非圆齿轮在正弦机构中的应用及仿真分析

为了满足正弦机构特殊的运动输出曲线,在其输入端设计一对啮合的非圆齿轮.根据非圆齿轮齿轮节曲线方程和插齿加工原理确定其齿廓方程,利用数值算法和Solidworks建模得到非圆齿轮的三维模型,导入ADAMS后通过ADAMS软件进行运动学仿真,仿真结果表明非圆齿轮传动使正弦机构达到特殊的运动输出.     

泥石流运动力学研究现状及趋势

对泥石流力学模型转化机理、动力特性及动力学试验进行综合分析及评价。分析表明:各种力学模型的适用条件有一定的局限性;动力特性中流速、流量、冲击力及磨蚀力的计算大多属于经验公式,这些公式的适用范围只限于某一地区或某一类型的泥石流,地区性很强;泥石流动力试验设备的未能及时采集有效的动力瞬时数据。针对上述问题,提出发展思路:研发及创新泥石流动力试验设备,通过量测泥石流瞬时流速,利用频谱分析,建立泥石流流速谱,冲击力谱等重要运动参数,从而揭示泥石流运动机理。     

Analysis of motion in longitudinal plane of negative buoyancy vehicle flying fish II

This article describes an experimental prototype flying fish II and builds a dynamic model that is a novel type of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) under the condition of negative buoyancy vehicle (NBV) without large buoyancy mechanism. Compared with the AUV Remus100, the flying fish II can cruise with double speeds within the same range and dimensions. The static stability and motion modes of flying fish II in the longitudinal plane are analyzed through the linear system theory. The flying fish II has static stability in the longitudinal plane and the motion mode is related to metacentric height.     

Eye Robotic System for Vitreoretinal Surgery

Micro incision vitrectomy system (MIVS) is considered to be one of the most difficult tasks of eye surgery,due to its requirements of high accuracy and delicate operation under blurred vision environment.There-fore,robot-assisted ophthalmic surgery is a potential and efficient solution.Based on that consideration,a novel master-slave system for vitreoretinal surgery is realized.A 4-DOF remote center of motion (RCM) mechanism with a novel linear stage and end-effector is designed and the master-slave control system is implemented.The forward and inverse kinematics are analyzed for the controller implementation.Then,algorithms with motion scaling are also integrated into the control architecture for the purpose to enhance the surgeon's operation accu-racy.Finally,experiments on an eye model are conducted.The results show that the eye robotic system can fulfill surgeon's motion following and simulate operation of vitrectomy,demonstrating the feasibility of this system.     

Experimental Study on Ship-Bank Interaction of Very Large Crude Carrier in Shallow Water

In order to assess the influence of ship-bank interaction on ship manoeuvring motion, planar motion mechanism (PMM) tests on a scale model of the KRISO very large crude carrier (KVLCC2) are conducted in different water depths in circulating water channel (CWC). The asymmetric hydrodynamic derivatives are defined to characterize the bank effect, and they are measured through the straight towing test with varying lateral displacements. The linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic derivatives are determined from the test data of the Fourier integral and mathematical regression model. The rudder and heading angles required at equilibrium conditions in different ship-bank distances are calculated by the manoeuvring model. The directional stability with varying ship-bank distances is studied in terms of eigenvalue analysis. Analysis based on the test results shows that the KVLCC2 model ship appears inherently unstable for keeping course in deep and shallow water conditions. When the ship-bank distance decreases, the increasing ship-bank interaction can dramatically affect some parameters of the criteria for course keeping.     

Sensorimotor self-learning model based on operant conditioning for two-wheeled robot

Traditional control methods of two-wheeled robot are usually model-based and require the robot’s precise mathematic model which is hard to get. A sensorimotor self-learning model named SMM TWR is presented in this paper to handle these problems. The model consists of seven elements: the discrete learning time set, the sensory state set, the motion set, the sensorimotor mapping, the state orientation unit, the learning mechanism and the model’s entropy. The learning mechanism for SMM TWR is designed based on the theory of operant conditioning (OC), and it adjusts the sensorimotor mapping at every learning step. This helps the robot to choose motions. The leaning direction of the mechanism is decided by the state orientation unit. Simulation results show that with the sensorimotor model designed, the robot is endowed the abilities of self-learning and self-organizing, and it can learn the skills to keep itself balance through interacting with the environment.     

脚踏式翻书机构的设计及运动仿真

借助AUTOCAD软件,运用图解法完成了可供残疾人翻书用的脚踏式翻书机构的设计.采用解析法建立该机构的数学模型,将图解法结果代入解析式,验证了设计结果的正确性.最后,运用ADAMS软件建立了该机构模型,并对机构进行了运动学仿真,得到了脚踏式翻书机构翻页头的位移曲线、速度曲线及加速度曲线,验证了所设计的机构满足运动连续性要求,无错位、错序问题,为验证设计方案的合理性和可行性提供了有益的参考.     

横风作用下高速列车-桥梁系统气动特性风洞试验

为研究高速列车在运营过程中的气动特性, 分析其气动特性变化机理, 设计了2种高速列车-桥梁系统的气动特性风洞试验方案; 开发并建立了适用于在风洞中的高速列车-桥梁系统试验方法与系统; 试验系统分为运动系统与数采系统2个部分; 运动系统基于惯性驱动原理, 以高速伺服电机为驱动力, 通过高强度旋转传送带将缩尺比为1∶8~1∶30的移动车辆模型在风洞中以最高速度50 m·s-1模拟真实运行环境中运行; 在运动系统的搭载下, 自主研发了一套数采系统, 并在风洞实验室中对有无横风作用下的列车进行了气动特性测试。分析结果表明: 试验方法与系统适用于加减速距离短、瞬时加速度大的试验场景, 且不受车辆外形与基础设施的限制, 可降低设计成本, 提高试验的安全与稳定性; 标准误差与平均值之比均不大于10%, 表明数采系统测试的车辆气动特性有较好的平稳性和可重复性, 能够精准得到列车在不同试验条件下的气动特性; 通过对比有无横风作用下的列车气动特性, 得到列车速度对车辆的气动特性影响极其重要; 列车高速移动时, 其因速度产生的气动影响远远大于横风, 且表面测点平均风压系数最大值可达-10, 反映了静态模型的试验方式不能够满足模拟列车高速运行时气动特性状态。