预混合氢气对柴油机燃烧和排放性能的影响

针对预混合氢气的柴油机,在AVL Fire软件上建立了计算模型,并与试验结果进行对比,验证模型的准确性。在此基础上改变了喷射策略,对发动机缸内工作过程及相应的燃烧和排放性能进行数值模拟和分析。研究结果表明：随着预混合氢气质量分数的增加,缸内压力和温度升高,NOx 排放恶化,Soot排放改善;随着预喷射油量和预喷间隔角的增加,NOx 质量分数升高,Soot质量分数降低;随着后喷射喷油量的增加,缸内压力和放热率稍微减小,NOx 和Soot质量分数降低;随着后喷间隔角的增加,缸内压力、放热率、NOx 和Soot排放均未发生明显变化。     

预喷射对轻型车用柴油机排放性能的影响

以某轻型车用柴油机为样机,研究了预喷射对柴油机排放及燃油经济性的影响.研究表明:采用预喷射可以对燃烧室进行预热.缩短主燃烧滞燃期,降低缸内最高燃烧温度,从而降低NOx的排放,同时炭烟排放及燃油经济性要好于单纯推迟喷油提前角的单次喷射方案;随着预喷油量的增加,NOx炭烟和燃油消耗率都有所上升,预喷提前角对轻型车用柴油机燃...     

预喷射对生物柴油发动机燃烧及排放特性影响研究

研究了不同预喷条件下满足国Ⅴ排放的高压共轨柴油机燃用混合燃料BD20（含80％体积分数的国Ⅴ柴油和20％体积分数的餐饮废油制生物柴油）的燃烧及排放特性。结果表明：采用预喷射后滞燃期有所缩短,燃烧持续期有所增大。相比于预喷间隔,预喷油量对滞燃期及燃烧持续期的影响更为显著;预喷射显著减小了主燃烧的压力升高率,改善了燃烧的剧烈程度,且低负荷取较小预喷间隔、高负荷取较大预喷间隔效果较优;采用预喷射后NO x 排放均有所降低,大部分预喷射条件下PM 排放有所增加,各负荷均存在着较佳预喷射方案,可以同时改善NO x 及PM 排放。     

基于柴油机排气热管理的喷油策略控制试验研究

为有效满足柴油机中低转速、中小负荷工况下颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生时的工作温度需求,利用发动机台架试验研究了中低负荷稳态工况下主喷正时、近后喷及次后喷参数等排气热管理主动控制措施对缸内燃烧过程、排气热状态及排放性能的影响规律。稳态试验结果表明:推迟主喷提前角缩短了滞燃期,燃烧持续期延长,缸内最高燃烧压力及峰值温度下降,瞬时放热率峰值减小且燃烧重心后移,同时燃油消耗率及烟度略有增加,DOC入口温度提升也不明显;引入近后喷使得缸内最高燃烧压力降低,但放热率第二峰值及后燃期有所增加,近后喷油量与主-近后喷间隔角的合理匹配能适当提高DOC入口温度,最高增幅可达19.3%,同时也能有效改善NOx排放和烟度;次后喷油量的增加能显著提升DPF入口温度,最大增幅达70%,但会导致燃油消耗率及HC逃逸量增加。依据样机全工况排温分布状态提出各区域升温喷油控制策略:低负荷区域采用"近后喷+次后喷"的喷油组合,并且采用较大喷油量;中大负荷区域逐渐减少近后喷,直至无近后喷,同时将主喷适当提前。     

预喷对柴油机燃烧与排放的影响

在一台4缸柴油机上研究预喷策略(预喷率和预喷间隔)对燃烧与排放特性的影响。研究结果表明:与单次喷射相比,采用预喷策略后,最大压力升高率和NO_x排放降低,soot、THC和CO排放升高,热效率提高;增大预喷率,预喷放热率峰值、soot、THC和CO排放升高,NO_x排放降低;增大预喷间隔,热效率和soot排放降低,最大压力升高率、THC和CO排放升高;改变预喷间隔对NO_x排放无明显影响;在小负荷工况下,与单次喷射相比,采用大预喷率和小预喷间隔策略能同时实现柴油机较高热效率和较低NO_x排放。     

预喷正时对柴油发动机燃烧和排放特性的影响

文章研究了预喷正时对柴油发动机燃烧和排放特性的影响,通过调整一台高压共轨直列四缸柴油发动机预喷时刻,进行相关台架试验。分析了预喷时刻对压力升高率、瞬时燃烧放热率、有效压力循环变动系数、缸内温度等燃烧特性的影响,以及对超细颗粒物、NOx比排放和大颗粒物数目比排放等排放特性的影响。试验结果表明,随着主预喷间隔的增大,峰值压力升高率降低,瞬时放热率峰值提前,超细颗粒物浓度下降,大颗粒和NOx比排放持续降低。因此可以在不改变柴油机整体结构的前提下,通过调整预喷时刻,有效改善发动机的燃烧性能,减少污染物的排放。     

燃油喷射参数对高压共轨柴油机性能的影响

运用GT—POWER软件建立了某高压共轨直喷柴油机的整机模型,并将计算值与试验值进行了比较,以确保模型具有足够的精度和可靠性;仿真分析了喷油压力、主喷提前角、预喷油量以及主预间隔对发动机性能的影响。仿真结果显示：增大喷油压力有助于提高发动机动力性和经济性并降低Soot排放;不同工况点需要选取不同的主喷提前角;增大预喷油量有助于降低NO。排放,但预喷油量不宜过大;主预间隔对Soot排放有较大影响。     

多次喷射对柴油机燃烧与排放影响的试验研究

基于1台高压共轨涡轮增压柴油机,采用不同的预喷正时、预喷油量与后喷正时等,研究了多次喷射对燃烧放热、排放生成与燃油经济性的影响,以实现均质压燃和低温燃烧过程。研究结果表明:随预喷正时提前,缸内峰值压力降低,主燃阶段的滞燃期缩短,NOx和炭烟排放均降低;随预喷油量增加,预喷阶段燃烧的放热率和最大压力升高率增大,NOx和HC排放增大,而PM和CO排放降低;随后喷始点推迟,缸内压力与主放热率峰值差异变小,NOx排放降低,但炭烟排放先增大后逐渐降低。     

轻型柴油机预混合低温燃烧和排放性能的试验研究

本文中对比分析了某四缸轻型车用柴油机喷射正时、废气再循环(EGR)率和喷射压力对燃烧过程和污染物排放的影响规律。结果表明:采用适时早喷或者晚喷策略均能延长滞燃期而改善可燃混合气的均匀性,以实现部分预混合燃烧,抑制碳烟排放。适时早喷策略相对晚喷策略更有利于降低碳烟排放,但将受到NO_x排放恶化的限制。引入EGR后,适时早喷不但可降低缸内燃烧温度抑制NO_x排放,还可有效解决因早喷带来的燃烧相位过早的问题,从而提高燃烧效率,改善燃油经济性,在高EGR率区域可兼顾有效燃油消耗率、NO_x和碳烟排放。而晚喷条件下,引入EGR后会进一步加重后燃现象,使有效燃油消耗率和碳烟排放有所恶化。随着喷射压力的提高,适时早喷时,燃烧放热过程变缓,瞬时放热率峰值和缸内平均温度降低,从而可同时降低NO_x和碳烟排放,而晚喷则相反,NO_x排放随着喷射压力的提高而有所上升。而不论适时早喷还是晚喷,有效燃油消耗率受喷射压力的影响很小。     

后喷参数对柴油机燃烧与排放特性的影响

本文中研究了某电控高压共轨柴油机,在两种不同工况下,后喷参数对发动机的燃烧、排放和油耗的影响规律。结果表明,引入后喷对缸内压力无明显影响,放热率曲线出现二次尖峰,缸内平均温度降低;随着喷油间隔的增大,二次放热率峰值逐渐后移,Soot排放先降后升,喷油间隔对NOx和油耗无明显影响;随后喷油量增加,主燃烧段放热率峰值下降,二次放热率峰值上升,Soot和NOx排放均降低,油耗稍有上升。     

侧向换气发动机分层和均质燃烧的试验研究

在1台侧向进气的单缸发动机上对分层和均质充气燃烧进行了试验研究。通过灵活的喷油和点火控制策略实现了缸内的分层充气和均质充气燃烧。在线分析了各种工况下分层和均质充气燃烧及排放状况。研究表明,随着过量空气系数的增加,分层燃烧的性能明显优于均质燃烧,并且在稀燃状态下,分层燃烧能获得比均质燃烧更好的燃烧稳定性。在所有研究工况下,分层燃烧都能够有效地降低NOx排放。     

燃料辛烷值对CAI燃烧特性影响的研究

利用异辛烷与正庚烷配比不同辛烷值燃料,在快速压缩机上进行可控自燃(CAI)燃烧试验,研究了不同边界条件下燃料辛烷值对CAI燃烧特性的影响规律。结果表明,在其他边界条件不变的情况下,随着燃料辛烷值的增加,最大压力升高率降低,最大压力升高率出现时刻延迟,燃烧温度开始迅速上升的时刻延迟,燃烧温度的最大值减小,燃烧始点延迟,燃烧持续期延长。     

电控单体泵燃烧系统匹配试验研究

对新132发动机燃烧系统进行了匹配试验,阐述了供油系统改进、喷孔参数匹配、燃烧室优化的整个过程,确定了新燃烧系统合理的供油参数、喷孔方案和燃烧室方案,并对比分析了燃烧系统改进前后燃烧放热过程的差异,最终实现了原机功率提升45%的性能指标。     

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study low temperature Modulated Kinetics (MK) combustion with a retarded single main injection. High-speed liquid fuel Mie-scattering was employed to investigate the liquid distribution and evolution. By carefully setting up the optics, three-dimensional images of fuel spray were obtained from both the bottom of the piston and the side window. The NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The influence of injection pressure and injection timing on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics was studied under similar fuel quantities. Interesting spray development was seen from the side window images. Liquid impingement was found for all of the cases due to the small diameter of the piston bowl. The liquid fuel tip hits the bowl wall obliquely and spreads as a wall jet in the radial direction of the spray. Due to the bowl geometry, the fuel film moves back into the central part of the bowl, which enhances the air-fuel mixing process and prepares a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Stronger impingement was seen for high injection pressures. Injection timing had little effect on fuel impingement. No liquid fuel was seen before ignition, indicating premixed combustion for all the cases. High-speed combustion video was taken using the same frame rate. Ignition was seen to occur on or near the bowl wall in the vicinity of the spray tip, with the ignition delay being noticeably longer for lower injection pressure and later injection timing. The majority of the flame was confined to the bowl region throughout the combustion event. A more homogeneous and weaker flame was observed for higher injection pressures and later injection timing. The combustion structure also proves the mixing enhancement effect of the liquid fuel impingement. The results show that ultra-low sooting combustion is feasible in an HSDI diesel engine with a higher injection pressure, a higher EGR rate, or later injection timing, with little penalty on power output. It was also found that injection timing has more influence on HCCI-like combustion using a single main injection than the other two factors studied. Compared with the base cases, simultaneous reductions of soot and NOx were obtained by increasing EGR rate and retarding injection timing. By increasing injection pressure, NOx emissions were increased due to leaner and faster combustion with better air-fuel mixing. However, smoke emissions were significantly reduced with increased injection pressure.     

Influence of injection parameters on the transition from PCCI combustion to diffusion combustion in a small-bore HSDI diesel engine

In this paper, the influence of injection parameters on the transition from Premixed Charge Combustion Ignition (PCCI) combustion to conventional diesel combustion was investigated in an optically accessible High-Speed Direct-Injection (HSDI) diesel engine using multiple injection strategies. The heat release characteristics were analyzed using incylinder pressure for different operating conditions. The whole cycle combustion process was visualized with a high-speed video camera by simultaneously capturing the natural flame luminosity from both the bottom of the optical piston and the side window, showing the three dimensional combustion structure within the combustion chamber. Eight operating conditions were selected to address the influences of injection pressure, injection timing, and fuel quantity of the first injection on the development of second injection combustion. For some cases with early first injection timing and a small fuel quantity, no liquid fuel is found when luminous flame points appear, which shows that premixed combustion occurs for these cases. However, with the increase of first injection fuel quantity and retardation of the first injection timing, the combustion mode transitions from PCCI combustion to diffusion flame combustion, with liquid fuel being injected into the hot flame. The observed combustion phenomena are mainly determined by the ambient temperature and pressure at the start of the second injection event. The start-of-injection ambient conditions are greatly influenced by the first injection timing, fuel quantity, and injection pressure. Small fuel quantity and early injection timing of the first injection event and high injection pressure are preferable for low sooting combustion.     

柴油机预混合燃烧技术

介绍了近年来在柴油机上进行了一系列实现均质预混合燃烧技术的研究 ,包括预混稀薄狄塞尔燃烧系统 ,UNIBUS燃烧系统 ,均质充气压缩着火 (HCCI)燃烧系统 ,准均质预混合气充气压缩点燃 (QHCCI)燃烧系统 ,提出这些研究对于根本解决扩散燃烧的缺陷所具有的重要意义。     

汽油机富氧燃烧特性试验研究

在1台4G18汽油机上进行富氧燃烧试验,进气中O2体积分数分别为21%,23%和25%,研究了不同富氧燃烧条件下的缸内压力、瞬时放热率及THC,CO和NOx排放.研究结果表明:在汽油机中低负荷典型工况下,随着进气中O2体积分数的增加,燃烧与排放均有改善,燃烧相位提前,缸内压力峰值和瞬时放热率峰值均增大,THC,CO排放...     

LPG/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧过程研究

根据燃烧分析仪测录的示功图对LPG/柴油双燃料发动机不同工况的燃烧百分率和燃烧率进行计算 ,分析其燃烧特性 ,得出了有关双燃料发动机燃烧的一些结论 ,为合理组织双燃料燃烧过程奠定基础     

燃烧室形状对快速混合燃烧过程的影响

介绍了采用不同燃烧室形状的快速混合燃烧过程对发动机性能的影响 ,通过测试分析改进燃烧室与供油参数的匹配 ,从而提高性能指标 ,初步达到用户要求。     

小型直喷柴油机喷射系统与燃烧室匹配的研究

介绍了影响小型直喷式柴油机喷射系统与燃烧室匹配的几个重要因素,并阐述了它们对柴油机的经济性和排放性的影响及作用。还提出了通过比较油束在燃烧室壁面上的落点高度大小来分析喷油嘴空间角度参数对匹配性能影响的方法。