沥青与沥青组分的差示扫描量热研究

采用沥青组分分析法和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)从微观上分析沥青的性质。试验选取ESSO 90#基质沥青及RTFO(旋转薄膜烘箱)/PAV(压力老化)基质沥青,研究了沥青的沥青质、饱和分、芳香分和胶质四组分。结果表明:DSC能较好的描述沥青内部相态随温度的变化,并与沥青宏观上的三大指标保持一致;沥青质、胶质对沥青的高温性能有影响,饱和分、芳香分对沥青的低温性能有影响;饱和分对沥青性质的影响很大。     

Vacuum Brazing of TiAl Based Alloy with 40Cr Steel

IntroductionRecently,the Ti Al based alloy has emerged asone of the structural materials with good prospectsin space,aviation,automotive and power genera-tion industries owing to their unique high- tempera-ture properties such as high specific strength andmodulus,good creep and oxidation resistance[1～3 ] .It has become well known for its excellent perfor-mance in turbine blades and engine valves for hightemperature service.These Ti Al made parts areconventionally jointed to the main body of…     

铝合金货车侧墙多道焊变形预测

基于热弹塑性有限元法,对铝合金货车侧墙多道焊焊接变形进行仿真预测,仿真中充分考虑了材料热物理属性的影响．基于实体一壳单元混合模型,建立了侧墙有限元网格模型,应用3D高斯双椭球热源模型实现了焊接过程温度场分析．从工程实际出发设计了四种焊接顺序,通过对四种焊序下仿真结果的对比分析,讨论了不同焊接顺序对铝合金货车侧墙焊接成形的影响,为研究大型铝合金薄板焊接过程中的应力应变和减少焊接应力与变形提供了参考依据．     

指挥车全铝合金厢体骨架优化设计

为降低专用车重量、提高组装效率,新开发指挥车车厢骨架全部采用铝合金骨架,纵横骨架梁之间通过钢制连接块及L型连接板螺栓连接。以有限元分析理论为基础,针对2种配重方案,对新开发车型的全铝合金车厢骨架强度进行计算,计算结果表明:原结构设计刚度不满足要求。提出相应的结构优化改进设计方案,刚度满足需求。     

Theoretical Analysis of the Solidification of Aluminum Alloy Billet in Air-Slip DC Mold

Based on the heat transfer analysis of Air-Slip DC mold, a numerical model was presented to study the quantitative relationships between critical solidification layer and casting rate, pouring temperature and mold cooling ability etc. The analytical results show that the Air-Slip mold heat transfer condition plays important roles on choices of a casting rate and the pouring temperature, and that the product of billet diameter and casting rate is a certain constant under a certain condition of the mold.     

基于网格不敏感结构应力的铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能分析

基于网格不敏感结构应力方法,对3A21、5A06、6061等铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能及影响因素进行研究.结果表明：网格不敏感结构应力方法较传统的名义应力方法,能更好地表征不同接头形式、材料、应力比及厚度等因素对焊接接头的疲劳影响.在应力比相同的情况下,接头板厚越小,疲劳性能越好;相同板厚条件下,应力比越小,疲劳性能越好;5A06铝合金焊接接头的疲劳性能普遍高于3A21铝合金焊接接头,但板厚相差较大时,疲劳性能主要取决于厚度因素的影响;同种材料在板厚及应力比相同的情况下,对接接头疲劳性能最好,十字接头次之,T型接头疲劳性能最差.     

3003铝合金A-TIG焊表面活性剂实验

对3003铝合金进行交流活性钨极氩弧焊(A-TlG)焊接实验,选用氧化物SiO2,TiO2和卤化物MnCl2,NaCl,CaF2作为活性剂,研究了单一成分表面活性剂对焊接熔深的影响。实验结果表明:涂敷活性剂可以一定程度的增加焊缝熔深;氧化物增加焊缝熔深的作用比卤化物大;TiO2作用最显著,熔深增加约80%,且焊缝无裂纹、气孔、夹渣等缺陷。     

铝合金表面镍钼二元化学转化膜的制备及其耐腐蚀性

以NiSO4和Na2MoO4作为成膜主盐制备铝合金表面无铬的Ni-Mo二元化学转化膜,考察了溶液pH值、NiSO4浓度、Na2MoO4浓度、温度对Ni-Mo二元膜耐腐蚀性能的影响.耐腐蚀性试验、电化学分析和SEM表征结果表明：与空白铝合金试片、覆盖Ni一元膜的铝合金试片相比,覆盖Ni-Mo二元膜的铝合金具有更佳的耐腐蚀性能和更为平整的转化膜外观.     

包铝层对2A12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝电化学性能的影响

对1.35 mm厚、带包铝层的2A12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）同种焊缝的金相组织进行了分析,在此基础上,在室温0.2 mol/L NaHSO3＋0.6 mol/L NaC l溶液中,对母材（带包铝层的2A12）和同种焊缝进行了静态腐蚀失重和动电位极化扫描的对比研究.金相组织观察表明：FSW焊缝组织出现了明显的变化,焊核区发生了动态再结晶,形成细小的等轴晶结构.静态腐蚀失重和动电位极化扫描结果表明：包铝层起到较好的防护作用,母材的电化学性能要优于焊缝的电化学性能.     

局部激光表面处理对7075铝合金疲劳性能影响的研究

7075铝合金以其独特的性能广泛应用于载运工具各个行业中,但是,铝合金在焊接后会出现疲劳强度降低的现象,这对载运工具的安全性产能生了消极影响。针对这一现象,采用局部激光表面处理法来改善7075铝合金的疲劳性能。对未处理试样和局部激光表面处理后试样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究表明,局部激光表面处理能有效降低疲劳裂纹扩展速率,提高疲劳寿命。ANSYS有限元残余应力分析及硬度试验表明,局部激光表面处理后试样上形成的残余应力场和局部软化现象是疲劳裂纹扩展速率降低的主要因素。     

甲芬那酸包合物和固体分散体的研究

目的　探索将甲芬那酸 (mefenamicacid ,MFA)制成包合物和固体分散体的工艺 ,以增加其溶解度和溶出速率。方法　采用环糊精 (β CD) ,聚乙二醇 40 0 0 (PEG 40 0 0 )为载体 ,以差示扫描量热图谱与甲芬那酸溶出度为指标 ,确定包合物和固体分散体的制备工艺。结果饱和溶液法制成了甲芬那酸 β CD包合物 ,熔融 冷冻法制成了甲芬那酸 PEG 40 0 0固体分散体 ,甲芬那酸包合物、固体分散体的溶解度分别增加 2 .3、3.1倍。正交试验 9组中以下 3组包合工艺为优 :A3 B3 C2 [m(MFA)∶m(β CD) =1∶8,70℃搅拌 2h],A2 B2 C3 [m(MFA)∶m(β CD) =1∶6 ,6 0℃搅拌 4h],A1B3 C3 [m(MFA)∶m(β CD) =1∶4 ,70℃搅拌 4h]。考虑大规模生产宜选择 β CD用量小、包合效果较好的条件 ,又将A1B3 C3进行扩大试验 ,结果表明该工艺条件重复性好。熔融 冷冻法制备PEG 40 0 0 固体分散体可采用 1∶3～ 1∶4量比。结论　将甲芬那酸制成β CD包合物和PEG 40 0 0 固体分散体技术可行 ,均能显著增加其溶解度和溶出速率     

X射线衍射法测试高速列车车体铝合金残余应力

为了准确、无损、快速地检测高速列车铝合金的表面残余应力,采用等强杆拉伸试验方法,用X射线衍射法对测试结果进行标定,并用X射线衍射法、盲孔法以及有限元法对测得的车体铝合金焊接接头残余应力进行了对比.结果表明:等强杆拉伸试验标定过程中,在10～70 MPa范围内,随着拉伸载荷的增加,X射线法测得的应力与载荷应力具有一致性,可采用X射线衍射法对车体关键部位应力状态进行测试分析,X射线衍射法残余应力的数值略大于理论计算值和电测法计算值;车顶铝合金焊接接头最大残余应力可达146.3 MPa;X射线衍射法与等强杆标定方法、盲孔法、有限元计算模拟方法的残余应力结果保持了较好的一致性.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料的差分扫描热分析

利用差分扫描分析研究了利用Ａｌ－ＴｉＯ２－Ｂ２Ｏ３系统制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２颗粒增强金属基复合材料的原位反应过程,用Ｘ射线衍射分析了反应过程中的相应,实验结果表明,在较低的扫描速率下,当ＴｉＯ２和Ｂ２Ｏ３的克分子比为１时,ＴｉＢ２和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３在８００℃－９００℃之间形成,而加热和冷却过程中采用低扫描速率有利于揭示原位反应的细节,加入过量ＴｉＯ２和Ｂ２Ｏ３导致了钛或硼的铝化物在冷却过程中的析出     

Piecewise Linear Analysis for Pseudo-elasticity of Shape Memory Alloy （SMA）

Based on the Brinson constitutive model of SMA, a piecewise linear model for the hysteresis loop of pseudo-elasticity is proposed and applied in the analysis of responses of an SMA-spring-mass system under initial velocity activation. The histories of displacement and velocity of the mass, and the response of stress of SMA are calculated with Brinson‘s model and the piecewise linear model. The difference of results of the two models is not significant. The calculation with piecewise-linear model needs no iteration and is highly efficient.     

Formalization of Fault Analysis and a New Approach of Fault Detection

Introduction Since Boneh et al[1]announced a model forbreaking public key cryptographic schemes by tak-ing advantage of random hardware faults in 1996,fault analysis has become an important aspect ofcrypto-analysis method. Fault analysis inducesfaults in tamper-resistant chips by means of radia-tion, X-rays, micro-probing or cut wires, so thatsome information of keys could leak from chips. Biham &Shamir applied fault attack to the ex-tension of block cipher cryptosystems such asDES, and call…     

六自由度重载装配机械手运动学分析及求解

针对汽车装配生产线作业对重载高精度的自动设备的需求,设计了一种液压驱动的六自由度多功能重载装配机械手。运用Denavi-Hartenberg(D-H)方法构建了机械手的运动学模型,分析了重载装配机械手的工作原理和正、逆运动学求解方法。从机械手的正、逆运动学方程的求解结果可以看出,采用液压方式实现对机械手6个自由度的驱动,具有驱动力大、操作简单、安装准确的特点,可适应多种汽车重载装配的需要。     

Wavelet De-noising of Speech Using Singular Spectrum Analysis for Decomposition Level Selection

The problem of speech enhancement using threshold de-noising in wavelet domain was considered.The appropriate decomposition level is another key factor pertinent to de-noising performance.This paper proposed a new wavelet-based de-noising scheme that can improve the enhancement performance significantly in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise.The proposed algorithm can adaptively select the optimal decomposition level of wavelet transformation according to the characteristics of noisy speech.The experimental results demonstrate that this proposed algorithm outperforms the classical wavelet-based de-noising method and effectively improves the practicability of this kind of techniques.     

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在北京市实施公交改革、推动公共交通发展的背景下,以对北京市2006年初的地面公共交通线网评价为基础,应用地理信息系统技术,选取线路长度、线路网密度、线路重复系数、非直线系数、站点密度、平均站距、站点覆盖率等指标,对截至2007年8月已完成的五批大规模地面公交线网调整方案的效果进行了分析,明确了目前地面公共交通线网的总体特征和存在问题,为进一步实施公交线网优化方案、提高公交运行效率提供参考。     

Readjustment Effect Analysis of Public Bus Network in Beijing

To prioritize the issue of public bus development, a series of systematic reforms are being implemented in Beijing. Based on the evaluation of the public bus network in Beijing at the beginning of 2006, the paper has applied geographic information system (GIS) technology to analyze the readjustment effect of public bus network until August 2007, when five sets of public bus line adjustments were completed. The indexes such as the line length, network density, repetition coefficient, nonlinear coefficient, stop density, average distance between stops, and stop coverage were selected, to reveal the characteristics and the existing problems of the present public bus network. The results help to further optimize programs for improving the public bus efficiency.     

列车-轨道(桥梁)时变系统横向振动稳定性与失稳临界车速分析方法

基于不明原因列车脱轨机理与运动系统平衡状态稳定性分析的能量增量准则,提出了列车-轨道(桥梁)时变系统横向振动稳定性与失稳临界车速分析方法,确定了系统横向振动最大输入能量及其增量,计算了系统横向振动极限抗力做功及其增量,建立了系统横向振动稳定性评判准则,计算了系统横向振动失稳临界车速.通过算例,计算了高速列车-无砟轨道时...