高压缩比汽油机分层压燃效果的光学诊断

对汽油分层压燃燃烧方式进行了光学诊断,研究了缸内直喷(GDI)持续期、喷油时刻及轨压对分层引燃压燃效果影响.在一台光学单缸机上,采用气道喷射预混,缸内直喷辅助火花引燃的方法,分别在0.5、1.2、2.0 ms的3种不同喷油持续期,上止点前曲柄转角CA为40°、50°、60°、80°和100°的5种直喷喷油时刻,以及3....     

喷油策略对发动机喷雾及燃烧的可视化研究

在一台侧置多孔喷油器的单缸光学发动机上通过时序控制单元控制喷油时刻,研究喷油策略对缸内喷雾发展过程及燃烧特性的影响。研究结果表明,喷油时刻过早,油束会撞击活塞顶面形成油膜,产生扩散燃烧火焰,增加碳烟排放,且会减小燃烧速率,增加燃烧不稳定性;喷油过晚,缸内滚流变弱,缸内油气混合不均匀,局部过浓区域会产生扩散燃烧火焰,增加燃烧不稳定性。     

丁醇-柴油双燃料发动机的燃烧和排放特性试验研究

为了深入研究丁醇同分异构体在双燃料发动机上燃烧和排放的差异,基于1台重型6缸涡轮增压柴油机,在转速1 500 r/min、缸内循环总能量1 280 J/cycle工况下,针对正丁醇-柴油和异丁醇-柴油双燃料的燃烧和排放特性进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:随着柴油喷射定时的提前,正丁醇-柴油和异丁醇-柴油双燃料燃烧的最大缸内压力相位、放热率峰值相位和θ_(CA10)提前,最大缸内压力、缸内最高平均温度和燃烧持续期增加,放热率峰值和最大压力升高率先增大后减小,HC,CO和颗粒物排放降低,而NO_x排放先增加后减少。在相同的柴油喷射定时和丁醇替代比条件下,相比于正丁醇-柴油双燃料燃烧,异丁醇-柴油双燃料燃烧的θ_(CA10),θ_(CA50)和θ_(CA90)均提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期变短,最大缸内压力、放热率峰值和最大压力升高率降低,HC和NO_x排放较高,而CO和颗粒物排放较低。     

新型复合含氧添加剂对柴油机燃烧特性的影响

分析了自行研制的新型复合含氧添加剂(记为FHYJ)的理化特性,在车用BJ493Q柴油机上进行了燃用FHYJ掺烧比例为9%的FHYJ—柴油混合燃料的试验,测量了缸内压力、压力升高率和放热率。比较和分析了燃用柴油和FHYJ—柴油混合燃料的燃烧特性,探讨了添加剂和混合燃料对柴油机滞燃期、预混合燃烧期、扩散燃烧期以及燃烧持续期等参数的影响。结果表明,在柴油机不作任何改动的前提下,掺烧FHYJ清洁燃料复合含氧添加剂,缸内压力、压力升高率和放热率在低负荷下均与原机基本相当,在中、高负荷有所下降,滞燃期、预混燃烧期均较原机延长,扩散燃烧期和燃烧持续期均较原机缩短,且其变化程度均随负荷的增大而增大。     

ROTAX912冷起动喷雾CFD模拟与分析

随着缸内直喷技术的发展,CFD分析软件在缸内直喷发动机模拟分析中得到了充分利用。直喷发动机缸内混合气形成过程的三维CFD分析对直喷燃烧室设计和喷油策略起到了重要作用。其中,喷油时刻和喷射位置对混合气分布的影响较大。经过对某四冲程活塞发动机的喷雾模拟,得到了较合适的喷油时刻和喷油位置。另外,模拟结果显示多次喷射比单次喷射有更好的混合气分布。     

基于柴油机排气热管理的喷油策略控制试验研究

为有效满足柴油机中低转速、中小负荷工况下颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生时的工作温度需求,利用发动机台架试验研究了中低负荷稳态工况下主喷正时、近后喷及次后喷参数等排气热管理主动控制措施对缸内燃烧过程、排气热状态及排放性能的影响规律。稳态试验结果表明:推迟主喷提前角缩短了滞燃期,燃烧持续期延长,缸内最高燃烧压力及峰值温度下降,瞬时放热率峰值减小且燃烧重心后移,同时燃油消耗率及烟度略有增加,DOC入口温度提升也不明显;引入近后喷使得缸内最高燃烧压力降低,但放热率第二峰值及后燃期有所增加,近后喷油量与主-近后喷间隔角的合理匹配能适当提高DOC入口温度,最高增幅可达19.3%,同时也能有效改善NOx排放和烟度;次后喷油量的增加能显著提升DPF入口温度,最大增幅达70%,但会导致燃油消耗率及HC逃逸量增加。依据样机全工况排温分布状态提出各区域升温喷油控制策略:低负荷区域采用"近后喷+次后喷"的喷油组合,并且采用较大喷油量;中大负荷区域逐渐减少近后喷,直至无近后喷,同时将主喷适当提前。     

缸内直喷汽油机的喷雾模拟

在定容弹内测量了某直列4缸均质缸内直喷汽油机不同时刻的喷雾油束形状和喷油器附近位置的喷雾液滴直径及速度分布,并在CFD模型中进行了喷雾的标定.分析了原机缸内喷雾、混合情况.研究了喷雾锥角、喷孔布置对缸内混合气均匀性的影响,论述了在低转速、部分负荷时加进气翻板的作用.结果表明,调整喷雾锥角、喷孔布置方式可以改善直喷汽油机缸内空燃比分布的均匀性;采用进气翻板可以提高发动机低转速部分负荷时缸内的滚流比及紊流强度,从而改善缸内混合气质量及加快缸内燃烧速度.     

低散热压燃式自由活塞发动机燃烧特性研究

基于某自由活塞发动机(FPE)建立活塞动力学模型和多维燃烧模型,改变传热模型参数实现缸内的低散热,并优化活塞运动,仿真分析原机、低散热FPE以及优化运动后低散热FPE的燃烧特性。结果表明:与原机相比,低散热FPE在燃烧后缸内温度和压力较大,而优化后缸内温度和压力进一步增大,其峰值分别比原机高162.77K和1.53 MPa;放热率峰值依次增大,且峰值相位也逐渐提前。与原机相比,低散热FPE具有相对较短的滞燃期和速燃期,缓燃期和后燃期更长;而优化后的低散热FPE滞燃期和速燃期较长,缓燃期和后燃期相对较短,燃烧放热规律更理想。原机、低散热FPE及优化低散热FPE的指示热效率分别为45.8%,48.4%,51.5%,即采用低散热技术和优化活塞运动能进一步提高FPE的热效率。     

对置活塞二冲程汽油机喷油和点火定时影响分析

对对置活塞二冲程缸内直喷汽油机缸内流动、混合气形成和燃烧过程进行数值模拟,以研究喷油定时和点火定时对混合气的形成、燃烧过程和整机性能的影响。结果表明:随着喷油提前角的增大,火焰发展期缩短,快速燃烧期先减小后增大,而在喷油提前角为100°CA时达到最小值;随着点火提前角的增大,火焰发展期延长,快速燃烧期先减小后增大且在点火提前角为20°CA时达到最小值。因此,喷油提前角100°CA、点火提前角20°CA为最佳匹配。此时,可实现点火时刻的均匀混合;同时具有较短的火焰发展期和快速燃烧期,所对应的缸内平均指示压力较高,指示燃油消耗率较低。     

引燃柴油喷射时刻对缸内直喷天然气燃烧的影响

应用三维数值仿真技术,通过改变微引燃柴油的喷射时刻,对柴油微引燃缸内直喷天然气发动机的燃烧过程进行了模拟。结果表明,保持微引燃柴油及天然气两者的喷射时间间隔及喷射持续期不变,则微引燃柴油喷射时刻越靠后,天然气燃烧过程越远离上止点,燃烧等容度越差,缸内压力和温度的峰值越低,喷油时刻每推后2°,缸内压力峰值约降低7.4%,温度峰值约降低3%,NO的排放减少,炭烟排放基本不受影响。     

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study low temperature Modulated Kinetics (MK) combustion with a retarded single main injection. High-speed liquid fuel Mie-scattering was employed to investigate the liquid distribution and evolution. By carefully setting up the optics, three-dimensional images of fuel spray were obtained from both the bottom of the piston and the side window. The NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The influence of injection pressure and injection timing on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics was studied under similar fuel quantities. Interesting spray development was seen from the side window images. Liquid impingement was found for all of the cases due to the small diameter of the piston bowl. The liquid fuel tip hits the bowl wall obliquely and spreads as a wall jet in the radial direction of the spray. Due to the bowl geometry, the fuel film moves back into the central part of the bowl, which enhances the air-fuel mixing process and prepares a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Stronger impingement was seen for high injection pressures. Injection timing had little effect on fuel impingement. No liquid fuel was seen before ignition, indicating premixed combustion for all the cases. High-speed combustion video was taken using the same frame rate. Ignition was seen to occur on or near the bowl wall in the vicinity of the spray tip, with the ignition delay being noticeably longer for lower injection pressure and later injection timing. The majority of the flame was confined to the bowl region throughout the combustion event. A more homogeneous and weaker flame was observed for higher injection pressures and later injection timing. The combustion structure also proves the mixing enhancement effect of the liquid fuel impingement. The results show that ultra-low sooting combustion is feasible in an HSDI diesel engine with a higher injection pressure, a higher EGR rate, or later injection timing, with little penalty on power output. It was also found that injection timing has more influence on HCCI-like combustion using a single main injection than the other two factors studied. Compared with the base cases, simultaneous reductions of soot and NOx were obtained by increasing EGR rate and retarding injection timing. By increasing injection pressure, NOx emissions were increased due to leaner and faster combustion with better air-fuel mixing. However, smoke emissions were significantly reduced with increased injection pressure.     

二甲醚发动机的燃烧与排放研究

在一台2135直喷柴油机上，对燃油供给系统进行了适当的改造，测试了燃用二甲醚发动机的燃料喷射时刻、气缸压力和有害排放，计算分析了放热规律及滞燃期变化规律。研究结果表明，在供油提前角相同的情况下，二甲醚的喷射延迟比柴油长而滞燃期比柴油短，着火时刻落后于柴油；二甲醚的最大放热速率小，而燃烧持续期短；二甲醚发动机接近无烟排放，N0x排放浓度显著低于柴油机。     

多次喷射对柴油机燃烧与排放影响的试验研究

基于1台高压共轨涡轮增压柴油机,采用不同的预喷正时、预喷油量与后喷正时等,研究了多次喷射对燃烧放热、排放生成与燃油经济性的影响,以实现均质压燃和低温燃烧过程。研究结果表明:随预喷正时提前,缸内峰值压力降低,主燃阶段的滞燃期缩短,NOx和炭烟排放均降低;随预喷油量增加,预喷阶段燃烧的放热率和最大压力升高率增大,NOx和HC排放增大,而PM和CO排放降低;随后喷始点推迟,缸内压力与主放热率峰值差异变小,NOx排放降低,但炭烟排放先增大后逐渐降低。     

高原环境下油品对柴油机燃烧特性的影响研究

在模拟高原条件下,针对3种不同品质的柴油(十六烷值和馏分)对某增压柴油机的燃烧特性的影响规律进行了研究分析,并据此简要分析在高原运行时出现活塞烧蚀故障与所用油品的关系。结果显示:目前在用柴油由于其十六烷值低,柴油不易被压燃着火,滞燃期长,且初馏温度低,柴油容易蒸发,预混合燃烧期内积累的热量多,造成缸内压力的升高速率增大,燃烧过程粗暴;海拔升高,空气密度下降,柴油的着火时间延长,燃烧速度加快,最大压力升高率增大,由此产生强烈的热负荷和机械负荷冲击,容易造成活塞烧蚀。     

Influence of injection parameters on the transition from PCCI combustion to diffusion combustion in a small-bore HSDI diesel engine

In this paper, the influence of injection parameters on the transition from Premixed Charge Combustion Ignition (PCCI) combustion to conventional diesel combustion was investigated in an optically accessible High-Speed Direct-Injection (HSDI) diesel engine using multiple injection strategies. The heat release characteristics were analyzed using incylinder pressure for different operating conditions. The whole cycle combustion process was visualized with a high-speed video camera by simultaneously capturing the natural flame luminosity from both the bottom of the optical piston and the side window, showing the three dimensional combustion structure within the combustion chamber. Eight operating conditions were selected to address the influences of injection pressure, injection timing, and fuel quantity of the first injection on the development of second injection combustion. For some cases with early first injection timing and a small fuel quantity, no liquid fuel is found when luminous flame points appear, which shows that premixed combustion occurs for these cases. However, with the increase of first injection fuel quantity and retardation of the first injection timing, the combustion mode transitions from PCCI combustion to diffusion flame combustion, with liquid fuel being injected into the hot flame. The observed combustion phenomena are mainly determined by the ambient temperature and pressure at the start of the second injection event. The start-of-injection ambient conditions are greatly influenced by the first injection timing, fuel quantity, and injection pressure. Small fuel quantity and early injection timing of the first injection event and high injection pressure are preferable for low sooting combustion.     

发动机燃用生物柴油对NO_x排放影响的试验研究

在一台涡轮增压直喷式柴油机上分别燃用生物柴油、掺混油和石化柴油进行试验,对滞燃期、燃烧始点、燃烧压力、燃烧温度、预混燃烧放热规律和扩散燃烧放热规律等燃烧参数对NOx排放的影响进行了研究。结果表明,随着燃料中生物柴油含量的增加,发动机滞燃期缩短,燃烧始点提前,最高燃烧压力增加,最高燃烧温度上升,预混燃烧累积放热率减小,扩散燃烧累积放热率增大;燃烧参数的变化是造成NOx排放升高的主要原因。     

基于喷射正时的柴油机燃烧和排放研究

基于集成电控单体泵柴油机,讨论了喷射正时对柴油机燃烧及排放特性的影响规律。喷射正时对滞燃期和速燃期有显著的影响,从而影响放热规律、缸内压力和燃烧温度,进而对NOx和PM排放特性有显著的影响。在中大负荷下,随着喷射正时的滞后,放热率曲线相对于上止点的相位滞后,缸内最高燃烧温度下降,NOx排放下降,PM排放升高。在中小负荷下,随着喷射正时的进一步滞后,NOx和PM的排放同时下降。     

电控高压共轨柴油机燃用生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的燃烧特性

针对1台6缸增压中冷电控高压共轨柴油机,在不改变原柴油机结构和喷油参数的条件下,研究了生物柴油的掺混比例对发动机燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:小负荷时发动机有预喷射,随着生物柴油掺混比的增大,生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的滞燃期缩短、缸内最高燃烧压力下降,预喷阶段压力升高率峰值和瞬时燃烧放热率峰值减小,且对应的相位提前;主喷阶段压力升高率峰值和瞬时燃烧放热率峰值增大,且对应的相位后移。随着负荷的增大,发动机喷油策略改为单次喷射,随着生物柴油掺混比的增大,缸内最高燃烧压力下降,燃烧持续期缩短,压力升高率峰值略有增大,瞬时燃烧放热率峰值逐渐减小且对应的相位前移。两种不同负荷条件下,随着生物柴油掺混比的增大,混合燃料的指示热效率逐渐下降。     

高原环境对缸内燃烧及壁面油膜的影响研究

为了分析高原环境下缸内燃烧过程及壁面油膜生成规律,采用 CFD 方法对不同海拔条件下柴油机燃烧过程进行了三维仿真计算,着重分析了海拔对壁面油膜的影响。结果表明：随海拔升高,过量空气系数降低,滞燃期延长,着火推迟,燃烧恶化,柴油机性能下降;高原条件对壁面油膜生成有较大影响,壁面累计油膜质量随海拔升高而增大,4500 m 海拔下壁面油膜累计质量最大可达19 mg ,约占总油量的8％;壁面油膜在燃油喷射弹着点处形成,随着时间推移,油膜向活塞边缘扩散,在高海拔条件下,燃烧结束时活塞边缘仍有油膜残留。     

Combustion and emission characteristics of a lean burn natural gas engine

Lean burn is an effective way to improve spark ignition engine fuel economy. In this paper, the combustion and emission characteristics of a lean burn natural gas fuelled spark ignition engine were investigated at various throttle positions, fuel injection timings, spark timings and air fuel ratios. The results show that ignition timings, the combustion duration, the coefficient of variation (COV) of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and engine-out emissions are dependent on the overall air fuel ratio, spark timings, throttle positions and fuel injection timings. With the increase of the air fuel ratio, the ignition delays and combustion duration increases. Fuel injection timings affect ignition timings, combustion duration, IMEP, and the COV of the IMEP. Late fuel injection timings can decrease the COV of the IMEP. Moreover, the change in the fuel injection timings reduces the engine-out CO, total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions. Lean burn can significantly reduce NOx emissions, but it results in high cyclic variations.