意军Euro Cargo/Euro Trakker系列运输车一瞥

意大利军队装备的Euro Cargo／Euro Trakker系列运输车是依维柯公司生产的民用运输车的军选民用型，包括多种型号，可以适应特殊作战需求。该系列运输车采用传统的外形设计，全部采用民用动力传动部件。     

大发Hijet Cargo轻型混合动力商用车

大发在2005年秋首次向市场推出轻型混合动力商用车Hijet Cargo Hybrid．而在此前铃木汽车公司曾首先推出轻型混合动力乘用车Twin Hybrid,但是在2005年2月已停止生产。本文概要介绍大发Hijet Cargo轻型混合动力商用车的特点和结构。     

行业消息

5791丰田汽车（中国）自7月19日起召回部分进口LEXUS雷克萨斯LS系列[LS460、LS460L、LS600hL）轿车，在中国大陆地区共涉及5791辆。召回原因是由于发动机进、排气门弹簧的材料中混入了微小异物，使弹簧强度降低。     

意军Euro Cargo/Euro Traker系列运输车一瞥

意大利军队装备的Euro Cargo/Euro Trakker系列运输车是依维柯公司生产的民用运输车的军选民用型,包括多种型号,可以适应特殊作战需     

雷克萨斯LS600hL是旗舰中的旗舰

作为全球首批试驾混合动LS600hL的媒体，在试驾当天午餐上，我努力向雷克萨斯LS首席设计师探究LS600hL的技术精髓。[编者按]     

以不凡诠释豪华——雷克萨斯新旗舰LS460L尊贵加长版

世界著名豪华车品牌LEXUS雷克萨斯旗下的全新旗舰车型——LS460L尊贵加长版，是LEXUS雷克萨斯经典车型LS系列的第四代全新车型，也是该品牌的第一款加长型轿车。[编者按]     

雷克萨斯新旗舰领航中国

日前，世界著名豪华车品牌LEXUS雷克萨斯隆重推出了旗下的全新旗舰车型——LS460L尊贵加长版，标志着该款LEXUS雷克萨斯的明星车型正式登陆中国。LEXUS雷克萨斯在现场通过其独特的方式向来自全国的媒体展现了“以不凡诠释豪华”的全新旗舰LS460L尊贵加长版。该产品是LEXUS雷克萨斯经典车型LS系列的第四代改款车型，也是该品牌的第一款加长型轿车。做为LEXUS雷克萨斯家族的顶级旗舰产品，LS460L尊贵加长版秉承“矢志不渝，追求完美”的品牌理念，对梦想挑战和进化，带着极致热情粉墨登场，将以不凡诠释豪华。     

雷克萨斯的冬日传奇

北京博瑞雪克萨斯携全新登陆中国的雷克萨斯LS460L与众车友见面。在讲解了LS460L新增智能系统后，让车友抢先体验LS460L的智能泊车辅助系统。亮点科技的智能泊车辅助系统让车友们高举双手，任方向盘自动转动调整，宽大的车身安然停车入位，大家对LS系列的科技与优雅赞不绝口，活动给车友们带来了一段雷克萨斯的冬日传奇……     

LS6660客车的设计与开发

通过对我国目前公路运输状况的研究，分析了开发LS6660客车的市场和前景，并且在结合生产厂家的实际情况的前提下，在原有车型LS6600C2的基础之上，成功地开发了高性价比的、适合乡村公路中短途运输的LS6660客车，节约了开发和生产成本。     

LEXUS雷克萨斯豪华旗舰轿车新款LS460L

作为LEXUS雷克萨斯车型家族中最经典的顶级产品，LS系列车型在全球市场屡次树立了顶级豪华轿车完美工艺的典范。新款LS460L丰富了车辆在舒适、智能和安全方面的配置，进一步提升了LS 460L在市场中的竞争力。     

Neuro-Fuzzy Control of a Tracked Vehicle Featuring Semi-Active Electro-Rheological Suspension Units

This paper presents vibration control of a tracked vehicle installed with electro-rheological suspension units (ERSU). As a first step, an in-arm type ERSU is designed, and its spring and damping characteristics are evaluated with respect to the intensity of electric fields. Subsequently, a 16 degree-of-freedom model for a tracked vehicle equipped with the proposed ERSU is established followed by the formulation of a neuro-fuzzy controller. This controller takes account for both ride quality and steering stability by adopting a weighting parameter between two performance requirements. The parameter is appropriately determined by employing a fuzzy algorithm associated with two fuzzy variables: the vertical speed of the body and the rotational angular speed of the wheel. Control performances to isolate unwanted vibration from bump and random road excitations are evaluated through computer simulations. In addition, maximum speed of the vehicle with 6 Watt power absorption is investigated with respect to the road roughness.     

Neuro-Fuzzy Control of a Tracked Vehicle Featuring Semi-Active Electro-Rheological Suspension Units

This paper presents vibration control of a tracked vehicle installed with electro-rheological suspension units (ERSU). As a first step, an in-arm type ERSU is designed, and its spring and damping characteristics are evaluated with respect to the intensity of electric fields. Subsequently, a 16 degree-of-freedom model for a tracked vehicle equipped with the proposed ERSU is established followed by the formulation of a neuro-fuzzy controller. This controller takes account for both ride quality and steering stability by adopting a weighting parameter between two performance requirements. The parameter is appropriately determined by employing a fuzzy algorithm associated with two fuzzy variables: the vertical speed of the body and the rotational angular speed of the wheel. Control performances to isolate unwanted vibration from bump and random road excitations are evaluated through computer simulations. In addition, maximum speed of the vehicle with 6 Watt power absorption is investigated with respect to the road roughness.     

基于力学与造价的CFRP-钢组合拉索斜拉桥设计理论

针对1400～2800m主跨斜拉桥整体刚度不足的问题,提出一种新型结构方案——碳纤维增强塑料（CFRP）-钢组合拉索斜拉桥。该方案将CFRP斜拉索与传统钢斜拉索同时应用于斜拉桥中,组合2种材料高强轻质及弹性模量高的优点,以：达．到提高斜拉桥整体刚度的设计目的。通过基于力学与造价的参数分析提出该组合拉索斜拉桥的3种设计原则：等安全系数等效刚度最优、等安全系数等效刚度性价比最优、等造价等效刚度最优,并分别给出详细的设计步骤及设计用图。最后,进行了多种方案1400m主跨斜拉桥试设计。结果表明：CFRP-钢组合拉索斜拉桥在力学与经济性方面均具有一定优势,其工程应用具有可行性,是主跨为1400～2800m斜拉桥的优选方案之一。     

燃料电池城市客车结构有限元分析与轻量化设计

建立了带空气弹簧悬架模型的燃料电池城市客车骨架结构有限元模型,并计算其静强度、扭转刚度以及自由振动模态,结果表明燃料电池城市客车设计是安全可靠的。然后对燃料电池城市客车进行计及制造约束的优化。与原设计相比,优化后质量降低8.17%,一阶扭转频率提高7.89%,右前轮悬空工况时的最大应力降低24.42%。     

Comparative stability of bogie vehicles with passive and active guidance as influenced by friction and traction

The stability of four bogie configurations is considered for a range of friction coefficients and traction ratios. The basis of comparison is the vehicle with conventional solid-axle railway wheelsets mounted in bogies with relatively stiff plan-view suspension. As improved performance of the wheelset in guidance can be achieved with various forms of passive and active guidance, bogies with yaw relaxation, with conventional wheelsets and active stabilisation and with independent wheels and active guidance are considered. Stability of each of these configurations is studied using a full nonlinear solution of the equations of motion. It is shown that the stability of the passive bogie configurations is very robust in the presence of traction and braking and variations of friction and that this is also true for an actively guided bogie with independent wheels. However, for a bogie with conventional wheelsets and active stabilisation, creep saturation effects can reduce stability significantly.     

Independent Suspension, Self Steered Axle, and 4WS for Busses

The dynamic behavior of commercial vehicles fitted with differentr types of suspension mechanisms and steering devices is investigated in this paper. Six vehicle models have been constructed: 2WS-SA is a standard two wheel steering bus with solid axles; 2WS-DW is a 2WSA vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles; SSA-SA is a 2WS system with solid axles, the rear one being mounted on a self steered mechanism; SSA-DW is a vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in the front axle, and a solid self steered rear axle; 4WS-SA has four wheel steering with solid axles; and 4WS-DW is a 4WS vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles. The dynamic response of these models has been assessed in terms of lateral acceleration, yaw velocity, tire forces, tire force reserves, and slip angles. The expected advantages of a 4WS system (higher acceleration rates and lower slip angles) will be corroborated but, at the same time, it will be shown that they are obtained at the cost of lower force reserves. Self steered mechanisms produce smaller body slip angles, but it will be shown that they give rise to larger yaw velocity overshootings. The particular independent suspension analyzed does not show significant improvements with respect to the solid axle counterpart.     

Safety of a railway wheelset – derailment simulation with increasing lateral force

The motivation for this research is to make a comparison between dynamic results of a free railway wheelset derailment and safety limits. For this purpose, a numerical simulation of a wheelset derailment submitted to increasing lateral force is used to compare with the safety limit, using different criteria. A simplified wheelset model is used to simulate derailments with different adhesion conditions. The contact force components, including the longitudinal and spin effects, are identified in a steady-state condition on the verge of a derailment. The contact force ratios are used in a three-dimensional (3D) analytical formula to calculate the safety limits. Simulation results obtained with two contact methods were compared with the published results and the safety limit was identified with the two criteria. Results confirm Nadal’s conservative aspect and show that safety 3D analytical formula presents slightly higher safety limits for lower friction coefficients and smaller limits for high friction, in comparison with the simulation results with Fastsim.     

UHPC双向板抗冲切性能试验

为明确超高性能混凝土（Ultra-high Performance Concrete,UHPC）双向板在局部荷载作用下的抗冲切性能,以UHPC强度、板厚、配筋率、局部加载面积和加载位置为试验参数,对9块四边简支UHPC双向板进行抗冲切破坏试验,分析UHPC双向板的冲切破坏机理和各试验参数对板抗冲切性能的影响规律。结果表明：试件均发生钢筋屈服后的冲切破坏,板底出现环形裂缝且板内形成冲切锥体;冲跨比小于7时,冲切破坏面倾角和名义抗冲切强度均随冲跨比增加而减小,而冲跨比大于7时,则其基本不变;UHPC强度等级从120 MPa提高到150 MPa时,板的抗冲切承载能力提高5.5%;当板厚由60 mm增加至80 mm和100 mm时,板的抗冲切承载能力分别提高69.7%和1.883倍;相较于1.31%配筋率的试件,2.57%配筋率的试件的抗冲切承载能力提高14.9%;与方形加载板边长为70 mm的试件相比,边长为90 mm试件的抗冲切承载能力提高9.8%;与中部加载试件相比,边部和角部加载试件的抗冲切承载能力分别提高15.3%和13.1%。为避免UHPC双向板发生钢筋网格内的冲切失效,板底受拉钢筋间距不应大于加载板边长与1.15倍有效板厚的和。基于试验结果和相关文献,评估了现有抗冲切承载力计算公式的适用性,并引入冲跨比考虑局部荷载偏置的影响,提出了适用范围更宽的UHPC板抗冲切承载能力计算公式。     

Ride quality evaluation of a vehicle with a planar suspension system

The longitudinal connection between a chassis and a wheel in a conventional vehicle suspension system is commonly very stiff than the vertical connection. Such a mechanism can efficiently isolate vibrations and absorb shocks in the vertical direction but cannot sufficiently attenuate the impact in the longitudinal direction. In order to overcome such a limitation, a planar suspension system (PSS) with spring–damper struts in both the longitudinal and vertical directions is proposed so that the vibration along any direction in the wheel rotation plane can be isolated. In this paper, the dynamic responses of a vehicle with PSS due to a single bump and random road unevenness are investigated. The ride quality of the vehicle with PSS is evaluated in accordance with ISO 2631. A comparison with that of a similar conventional vehicle is conducted to demonstrate the promising potentials of the PSS in improving the vehicle ride quality.     

Allocation control algorithms design and comparison based on distributed drive electric vehicles

For a distributed drive electric vehicle (DDEV) which is equipped with redundant actuators, allocation control is a key technique. Three different allocation control algorithms are designated with fixed efficiency matrix, dynamic efficiency matrix, and direct yaw moment distribution, respectively. All these algorithms are applied in a vehicle stability control system with hierarchical control structure and evaluated from three aspects, namely, control precision, real-time characteristics, and control energy. Comparison results demonstrate that the algorithm with dynamic efficiency matrix has the best comprehensive performance, which is also validated in field tests based on a DDEV equipped with four motors.