船舶与冰排碰撞结构响应研究

冰排的层厚、流速以及特性在很大程度上影响船舶与冰排碰撞的结构响应。本文分别建立船舶和冰排的有限元模型,采用LS-DYNA进行碰撞接触计算,模拟船艏与冰排发生碰撞。主要考虑相同条件下分别改变冰排厚度、运动状态以及物理性质等单个碰撞参数,对比研究不同碰撞工况下船舶的损伤变形、碰撞力等结构响应差异。得出上述因素对船—冰碰撞的影响规律,为提高船舶抗冰载荷设计提供参考。     

Influence of different topological variants on optimized structural scantlings of passenger ship

For a multi-deck ships with extensive superstructures (such as passenger and cruise ships, RoPax, mega yachts, etc.) the global structural response can be particularly complex. The influence of the superstructure to the primary strength for those multi-deck ships must be considered from an early design phase. Main global topological parameters (e.g. size of side openings, position and stiffness of longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, etc.) have dominant influence on the shape of hull girder stress distributions over the ship height. The Taguchi concepts and techniques (FFE, orthogonal arrays, ANOVA, etc.) could be used to systematically study influence of multiple topological parameters on the global structural response obtained by FEM analysis. It also enables rational identification of the most dominant parameters and provide designer with the near-optimal level of each topological parameter for the defined design objective. It has been demonstrated how different topological variants can lead to different optimal structural scantlings w. r.t chosen design objectives (mass, VCG, etc.), using simplified full ship 3D FE model of passenger ship as an example. Structural design software MAESTRO and in-house developed framework for the design support system DeMak – OCTOPUS Designer were used as a structural optimization tool. This paper aim to extend the standard scantling optimization by introducing topological aspects as a first STEP in overall optimization procedure.     

空爆载荷作用下波形夹层板抗爆结构优化设计

为了提高空爆载荷作用下夹层板的抗爆能力,提升其在舰船和海工装备上的应用程度,本文提出了一种针对波形夹层板结构的优化方法,该方法以结构质量和在爆炸载荷作用下的结构应力、变形以及吸能作为评估标准,利用正交试验筛选出样本点,通过BP神经网络生成夹层板结构参数与评估标准间的响应面模型,用遗传算法对响应面模型进行多目标优化分析,得出全局最优解,形成一套夹层板的优化设计方案,这为夹层板抗爆结构优化设计提供了一种新的设计思路和优化方法。     

考虑细长杆件不同坠落角度的海洋平台甲板损伤预报方法

[目的]在海洋平台吊装作业中,因吊机设备老化以及违规操作等而造成的坠物事故在海洋平台作业中时有发生,其中在杆件结构,如套管、钻铤等设备方面的问题最为常见,因杆件坠落时接触面积小,常会导致板架结构的损伤破坏.[方法]选取细长杆件坠物撞击甲板结构的场景开展结构损伤研究.在此基础上,考虑坠落角度对结构损伤的影响,确定结构损伤...     

水下爆炸载荷作用下舰船结构响应研究综述

在海战中,水下爆炸载荷是舰船结构的主要威胁之一。舰船结构响应非常复杂,可以分为整体响应和局部响应两大类,分别从这两个方面总结了水下爆炸载荷作用下舰船结构响应研究的国内外研究进展情况。根据不同的研究方法,从理论、试验和仿真三个角度对收集的文献进行了详细的分析与总结,并在此基础上提出了现有工作中的不足,对该领域有待解决的问题和发展趋势进行了展望,可为其他研究者提供参考。     

Model-scale experiments of symmetric ship collisions

This study was initiated due to the lack of experimental data on ship collisions. The feasibility of model-scale ship collision experiments was examined and a series of model-scale ship collision experiments is presented. The theoretical background for the analysis of experiments is given together with the principles of scaling. Proper scaling should assure physical similarity to the large-scale experiments conducted in the Netherlands. The Froude scaling law was followed, resulting in the improper scaling of some forces: the effects of this are discussed. The study concentrates on the dynamics of collisions. The structural response, properly scaled from the large-scale experiments, was modelled using polyurethane foam as the ship’s side structure. The collision process was analysed and the results of model-scale tests, large-scale experiments, and a simple analytical model were compared, showing that there was both quantitative and qualitative agreement in the results of the experiments conducted at different scales. The analytical model yielded good quantitative assessment of the deformation energy.     

等效波的散货船舱口角疲劳评估应力组合方法(英文)

The stress combination method for the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier was investigated based on equivalent waves.The principles of the equivalent waves of ship structures were given,including the determination of the dominant load parameter,heading,frequency,and amplitude of the equivalent regular waves.The dominant load parameters of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier were identified by the structural stress response analysis,and then a series of equivalent regular waves were defined based on these parameters.A combination method of the structural stress ranges under the different equivalent waves was developed for the fatigue analysis.The combination factors were obtained by least square regression analysis with the stress ranges derived from spectral fatigue analysis as the target value.The proposed method was applied to the hatch corner of another bulk carrier as an example.This shows that the results from the equivalent wave approach agree well with those from the spectral fatigue analysis.The workload is reduced substantially.This method can be referenced in the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier.     

不同状腿结构的自升式平台对比分析(英文)

The jack-up unit is one of the best drilling platforms in offshore oil fields with water depth shallower than 150 meters.As the most pivotal component of the jack-up unit,the leg system can directly affect the global performance of a jack-up unit.Investigation shows that there are three kinds of leg structure forms in the world now:the reverse K,X,and mixing types.In order to clarify the advantage and defects of each one,as well as their effect on the global performance of the jack-up unit,this paper commenced to study performance targets of a deepwater jack-up unit with different leg systems(X type,reverse K type,and mixing type).In this paper a typical leg scantling dimension and identical external loads were selected,detailed finite element snalysis(FEA) models were built to simulate the jack-up unit’s structural behavior,and the multi-point constraint(MPC) element together with the spring element was used to deal with the boundary condition.Finally,the above problems were solved by comparative analysis of their main performance targets(including ultimate static strength,dynamic response,and weight).     

浅谈耙吸挖泥船的结构设计优化

设计中影响耙吸挖泥船结构构件的可变因素较多,故从设计后期的总纵强度校核入手,研究了船体不同位置结构的主要受力特点,并根据受力特点判断该处的可优化空间,提出耙吸挖泥船结构设计中需关注的几个问题,便于在开始设计时选取合理的主要构件尺寸,以达到控制空船重量之目的。     

双层圆柱壳受物体撞击损伤过程数值仿真

圆柱壳是海洋工程结构物和潜体中广泛采用的结构单元,为了研究其在物体撞击作用下的响应以及撞击角度对撞击响应的影响,文中采用大型非线性动态响应分析程序MSC.Dytran,分不同撞击角度,对双层圆柱壳结构受射弹撞击过程进行了数值仿真,研究分析了圆柱壳结构的损伤变形、能量吸收及撞击力的变化情况.文中的计算结果对圆柱壳结构物的抗撞击分析研究及合理的结构设计有参考价值.     

Hybrid analytic-FEM approach for dynamic response analysis of air-cushion vehicle skirts

Focused on the assessment method for dynamic behavior of the skirts of an air cushion vehicle (ACV), this paper proposes a hybrid analytic-FEM approach, within which the self-developed subroutine considers the transient skirt-water contacting force through suggested semi-analytical formula based on the empirical results from CFD simulations of the equivalent flat-plate model. The dynamic explicit algorithm of FEM is adopted to solve the large deformation problem of flexible skirts. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by comparing with previous numerical results as well as published experimental results of steady seal deformation tests at University of Michigan. Afterward, more simulations for demonstration cases are carried out to study the complex dynamic response of the skirts under different skirt-water contacting conditions. The proposed method can obtain more reliable results than traditional analytical method and be more efficient than fluid-structure interaction simulations, thus providing a practical balanced approach aiming at the dynamic response analysis for whole skirts and contributing to the skirts dynamics performance assessment of an ACV.     

大型绞吸挖泥船桥架结构性能研究

利用MSC.NASTRAN对三艘绞刀功率不同的绞吸挖泥船桥架结构进行结构强度比较分析,并对能够疏浚岩石的绞刀功率为4200kW的绞吸挖泥船桥架进行模态预报与响应分析,所得结果能够为以后研发具有更大绞刀切削功率、可疏浚更高强度岩石的超大型绞吸挖泥船桥架结构提供参考依据.     

海上风机吊装船全船结构强度分析

以海上风机吊装作业船为对象,采用MSC.PATRAN软件建立全船结构有限元模型;通过该船的运输、安装等不同作业状况的分析,确定典型计算工况,并进行典型工况下的载荷分析和计算工作;对该船在典型工况下的应力进行计算和分析,得到了全船详细应力分布、变形情况。计算结果可以为海上风机吊装作业船的整体强度评估、船体结构优化提供有效依据,对该类型船的设计开发也具有指导意义。     

A study on slamming pressure on a flat stiffened plate considering fluid–structure interaction

Normally, the design slamming pressure on the bottomof a semi-submersible-type floating rig is determined in a simple way using the relative speed obtained from an air-gap analysis. However, few studies have taken a thorough, robust, and deep-background approach to the estimation of design pressure. To investigate the slamming pressure on the bottom of a semi-submersible rig, a simplified deformable stiffened plate of a zero-degree deadrise angle is simulated using the nonlinear FEM software LS-DYNA, which can take the influence of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) into account. Various parametric studies are carried out to examine the effects of structural flexibility, coupling stiffness, mesh size, velocity, stiffener size, and air cushion. The pressure response on the plate by the coupling of fluid and structure is studied and the FSI effect of each parameter is discussed. Then, equivalent transient and static loads that result in the same maximum or permanent deformation as FSI are evaluated for design purposes through a series of parametric studies.     

圆筒型FPSO上部模块支撑结构疲劳分析

与船型FPSO相比,圆筒型FPSO没有明显的总纵弯曲,上部模块与船体结构之间通常采用刚性支墩来连接,水平运动所产生的弯矩和装/卸载引起的船体垂向变形对模块支撑结构的影响较为显著。因此,以“希望6号”圆筒型FPSO上部模块支撑结构为研究对象,基于DNVGL船级社规范,介绍一种简化疲劳分析方法。以FPSO运动加速度和船体变形载荷作为载荷输入条件,利用SESAM/GeniE软件进行有限元分析,得到结构在所有组合工况下应力的扫描计算结果。根据作业海域各个方向波浪发生的概率,运用简化疲劳分析方法计算得到所关注节点的疲劳损伤和各个工况对结构节点疲劳损伤度的贡献。结果表明,所关注节点的疲劳强度均满足设计疲劳强度要求;同一节点的疲劳损伤对不同浪向的敏感度不一样。该简化疲劳分析方法同样适用于承受周期性载荷的FPSO上部模块主结构和其他型式海洋结构物的疲劳分析。     

船体典型结构局部强度考核试验模型设计

针对船体舱段模型典型结构,设计易于实际操作实施的缩比模型试验方案;通过有限元软件对板架水下爆炸响应进行分析．对比各个缩比模型在水下爆炸载荷作用下的响应规律．寻找为完成不同试验目的而设计的最佳试验方案。数值分析结果表明：纵桁和实肋板梁模型在水下爆炸作用下的动力响应可验证梁在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的理论分析方法,十字交叉梁塑性变形可验证实船板架结构中交叉梁系的结构动力响应分析方法。双层底板架结构的塑性变形可对舰船局部强度考核的理论分析提供基础,缩比模型计算结果与实船较为一致。计算结果对舰船型号研制和强度考核具有理论指导意义。     

Directly coupled fluid structural model of a ship rudder behind a propeller

A computational method is presented that models fluid structural interaction problems for three-dimensional marine structures. Flow can be modelled with either potential or viscous incompressible flow. The structure deformation is modelled by a shell finite element formulation. The two fields are coupled by a domain decomposition approach that uses virtual surfaces to transfer information. A typical spade rudder has been modelled for steady-state three-dimensional problems in a free stream and in way of a propeller race. These computational models have been tested for mesh dependancy in both the fluid and structural domains as well as the virtual surface definition. The results show increased correlation to experimental data from uncoupled hydrodynamic modelling as well as detailed structural deformation. Of note is the variation in rudder stock bending moment from that utilised by classification society scantling rules.     

Dynamic ice loads for offshore wind support structure design

For offshore wind farms which are planned in sub-arctic regions like the Baltic Sea and Bohai Bay, support structure design has to account for load effects from dynamic ice-structure interaction. There is relatively high uncertainty related to dynamic ice loads as little to no load- and response data of offshore wind turbines exposed to drifting ice exists. In the present study the potential for the development of ice-induced vibrations for an offshore wind turbine on monopile foundation is experimentally investigated. The experiments aimed to reproduce at scale the interaction of an idling and operational 14 MW turbine with ice representative of 50-year return period Southern Baltic Sea conditions. A real-time hybrid test setup was used to allow the incorporation of the specific modal properties of an offshore wind turbine at the ice action point, as well as virtual wind loading. The experiments showed that all known regimes of ice-induced vibrations develop depending on the magnitude of the ice drift speed. At low speed this is intermittent crushing and at intermediate speeds is ‘frequency lock-in’ in the second global bending mode of the turbine. For high ice speeds continuous brittle crushing was found. A new finding is the development of an interaction regime with a strongly amplified non-harmonic first-mode response of the structure, combined with higher modes after moments of global ice failure. The regime develops between speeds where intermittent crushing and frequency lock-in in the second global bending mode develop. The development of this regime can be related to the specific modal properties of the wind turbine, for which the second and third global bending mode can be easily excited at the ice action point. Preliminary numerical simulations with a phenomenological ice model coupled to a full wind turbine model show that intermittent crushing and the new regime result in the largest bending moments for a large part of the support structure. Frequency lock-in and continuous brittle crushing result in significantly smaller bending moments throughout the structure.     

洋流作用下悬浮隧道动力学行为试验研究

本研究根据相似准则和试验条件设计试验模型。在试验模拟的1节悬浮隧道管段上分别布置2组和3组锚索支撑,测试在不同流速条件下,悬浮隧道管体结构的环向应变、轴向应变及张力腿锚索的轴力。根据试验结果,初步分析悬浮隧道应力的空间分布特征和张力腿的轴力情况;给出在相同环境条件下,张力腿锚索数量对结构应力的影响、洋流速度对悬浮隧道管段结构变形和张力腿轴力的影响关系等。     

船桥碰撞及桥梁防撞结构研究

对某桥梁防撞结构的碰撞过程进行了数值模拟。介绍了船桥碰撞数值仿真中所涉及的关键技术，研究了船桥碰撞力，碰撞损伤变形、能量吸收及防撞结构各构件的变形情况，并对其进行了详细分析。数值模拟是用大型非线性动态响应分析程序MSC／Dytran来完成的。