发展商丘交通事业 促进城市化进程

“要想富，先修路”。从一定意义上说，公路是衡量一个地区经济兴衰的标志。商丘是处在豫鲁苏皖结合部的一个区域性中心城市。“大京九”与陇海铁路在商丘“握手”以后，商丘的区位优势更加凸现。如何加快商丘交通事业的发展，成为商丘市委、市政府和全市人民关心的一个重要问题。5年前，商丘撤地设市之时，市委、市政府就把发展交通事业列为全市工作的重中之重，明确提出要“经过5年奋斗，把商丘市建设成为豫鲁苏皖四省交界处的一座横贯东西、通达南北、公铁联网的区域性交通枢纽城市”。市领导多次召集交通部门的负责同志，商讨公路建设规…     

交通发展的城市化超载

最近一次关于交通通畅性的调查显示，交通畅通性与城市规模密切相关，城市越大，交通越拥堵，北京、广州、上海、苏州、重庆等城市是本次调查中公众感觉交通最不通畅的几个城市。     

加强平战结合军民兼容的交通保障体系建设——访国家交通战备办公室主任、总后军事交通运输部部长王福臣少将

十六大确定了我们党在新世纪前期全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化的中心任务，强调要推进经济结构战略性调整，继续加强基础设施建设，这为国家交通运输的持续健康发展提供了历史性的机遇，势必对军事交通运输产生极大的影响。为了加强军地了解与协作，促进国家交通运输与军事交通运输在改革和发展中更加紧密地结合与兼容，日前，记者采访了国家交通战备办公室主任、中国人民解放军总后勤部军事交通运输部部长王福臣少将。综合运输：战争历史表明，军事交通运输对战争行动、军事活动有着重要影响。请您就军事交通运输在高技术局部…     

城市化进程中的广东农村客运公共服务均等化问题

加大农村交通基础设施建设,提升农村客运服务水平是促进民生、缩短城乡公共服务差距的重要举措。文章从宏观、微观两个维度分析广东省农村客运服务差距的影响因素,提出今后要对广东各地实施分类管理,因地制宜整合资源,逐步推进城市化进程中的农村客运公共服务水平。     

改善交通空间 发展宜居交通

本文论述了我国现代城市发展的重要方向之一就是宜居城市。宜居城市离不开宜居交通。发展宜居交通,关键在于对交通空间要给予足够关注。     

浅谈青海交通门户网站发展趋势

本文简要介绍了青海交通门户网站近年来取得的成绩,并对存在的问题做了深入分析,最后,对青海交通门户网站今后的建设目标,主要内容以及保障措施等提出了建议。     

构建军民一体化综合交通运输保障体系——国家交通战备办公室主任、总后军事交通运输部部长赵占平先生访谈录

<正>多年来,我军军事交通运输部门根据军民兼容、平战结合的原则,坚持国防交通与国家交通同步发展,坚持在国家交通建设中积极贯彻国防要求,初步形成了以铁路运输为骨干、以公路水路运输为支撑、以航空运输为补充的多种运输方式相互配合的军事交通运输综合保障体系。在党的十七大即将召开,中     

成渝经济带综合交通发展研究

<正>中国经济新一轮快速增长的动力之一,是城市化进程进一步加快,单一的大城市、特大城市正逐步向城市群、城市圈、城市带推进。继长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、京津唐和辽东半岛等经济区域合作开发之后,作为四川、重庆地区乃至整个西部地区的中心地带,成渝经济带的建设和发展无疑将对整个西部开发建设产生深远的影响。     

天津市新型城镇化进程中绿色交通发展策略研究

新型城镇化是我国经济和社会发展的重要战略,绿色交通系统的建设是新型城镇化的重要内容和必然要求。新型城镇化的发展为绿色交通带来了诸多新的问题,解决好这些问题是新型城镇化能否顺利推进的重要保障。本文首先分析了新型城镇化和绿色交通的关系;随后以天津市为例,分析了新型城镇化对天津市交通系统提出的新挑战;最后运用系统分析的基本原理,为解决天津市新型城镇化进程中的具体交通问题,提出了一系列具体的方案建议。本文的研究对其他类似城市在新型城镇化过程中绿色交通系统的建设也具有一定的参考价值。     

城市交通拥堵与城市化进程的关系初探

<正>根据哈肯伺服定理,任何复杂事物不管它怎样复杂,对其起支配作用的因素通常只有一个或极少数的几个。而且这种起支配作用的因素定是慢变量,即事物的本质就是由支配事物的慢变量特性决定的。学者管楚度指出,地理因素     

An integrated transportation decision support system for transportation policy decisions: The case of Turkey

From the point of view of the feasibility of providing growth in road capacity parallel to the predicted growth in traffic as well in terms of impact on the environment and health, current trends in transportation are unsustainable. Transport problems are expected to worsen due to the fact that worldwide automobile ownership tripled between 1970 and 2000, and the movement of goods is projected to increase by 50% by 2010. Similar trends can be seen in an even more dramatic way in Turkey. The Turkish transport network has not followed a planned growth strategy, due to political factors. There is no transportation master plan which aims to integrate the transport modes in order to provide a balanced, multimodal system. This study proposes a decision support system that guides transportation policy makers in their future strategic decisions and facilitates analysis of the possible consequences of a specific policy on changing the share of transportation modes for both passenger and freight transportation. For this purpose, based on the wide spectrum of critical issues encountered in the transportation sector, several scenarios have been built and analysed.     

Information needs of the continuing urban transportation planning process

Urban transportation is identified as a functional element in the broader context of urban facilities and services. From this point of view, the relative merits of separate information systems for transportation planning and general urban planning, as contrasted to unified systems for all urban management functions, are discussed. The overriding need to make the most effective use of urban resources argues strongly for the unification of urban information systems to the greatest possible extent consistent with the special data requirements of various functional programs. The need to identify and correlate data items for very small areal units and to keep current records of the constantly shifting patterns of social and economic activities in urban areas present difficult, but not insurmountable technical problems. However, the most serious barrier to the development and implementation of comprehensive urban information systems is concluded to be institutional, rather than technical, in nature.     

The strategic transportation research study — Its origins and purposes

The highway industry in the United States spends about $35 to $40 billion annually. Management of the industry is almost wholly decentralized. This decentralization plus diminishing fuel tax revenues used to finance road improvements have caused road research efforts to decline to a very low level. Comparisons between funds for highway research and those spent by private firms in similar industries show that private firms spend from 5 to 12 times the rate of highway agencies. The problem of how much to spend on research is difficult both for private-sector and for public-sector enterprises. The level of research spending is shown to correlate well with both profitability and growth in U.S. firms. Four methods used for making research decisions in the private sector are discussed. The goals of the Strategic Transportation Research Study (STRS), which is being conducted by the Transportation Research Board to examine highway and transportation needs, are described.     

Investigating the predictive performance of computational process activity-based transportation models

The aim of this paper is to achieve a better understanding of computational process activity-based models, by identifying factors that influence the predictive performance of A Learning-based Transportation Oriented Simulation System model. Therefore, the work activity process model, which includes six decision steps, is investigated. The manner of execution in the process model contains two features, activation dependency and attribute interdependence. Activation dependency branches the execution of the simulation while attribute interdependence involves the inclusion of the decision outcome of a decision step as an attribute to subsequent decision steps. The model is experimented with by running the simulation in four settings. The performance of the models is assessed at three validation levels: the classifier or decision step level, the activity pattern sequence level and the origin–destination matrix level. The results of the validation analysis reveal more understanding of the model. Benchmarks and factors affecting the predictive performance of computational activity-based models are identified.     

Fueling for contingencies: The hidden cost of unpredictability in the air transportation system

The aviation community is increasing its attention on the concept of predictability when conducting aviation service quality assessments. Reduced fuel consumption and the related cost is one of the various benefits that could be achieved through improved flight predictability. A lack of predictability may cause airline dispatchers to load more fuel onto aircraft before they depart; the flights would then in turn consume extra fuel just to carry excess fuel loaded. In this study, we employ a large dataset with flight-level fuel loading and consumption information from a major US airline. With these data, we estimate the relationship between the amount of loaded fuel and flight predictability performance using a statistical model. The impact of loaded fuel is translated into fuel consumption and, ultimately, fuel cost and environmental impact for US domestic operations. We find that a one-minute increase in the standard deviation of airborne time leads to a 0.88 min increase in loaded contingency fuel and 1.66 min in loaded contingency and alternate fuel. If there were no unpredictability in the aviation system, captured in our model by eliminating standard deviation in flight time, the reduction in the loaded fuel would between 6.12 and 11.28 min per flight. Given a range of fuel prices, this ultimately would translate into cost savings for US domestic airlines on the order of $120–$452 million per year.     

Japan's urban transportation system in the major transport spheres

The urban areas in Japan have undergone rapid changes in the last two and one-half decades. At the same time, the urban transportation system has been faced with numerous problems which need to be solved urgently. This paper presents the development stage and problems in the three largest metropolitan areas, designated as transport spheres, in Japan. Japan's problems in urban transportation are similar to those of most Western nations with regard to such issues as rapid urbanization, growth in travel, increasing auto ownership, growing transit operating deficits, rising wages and air pollution. The differences are the large modal split of transit from automobile trips, major expansion of the rail transit network, and the large number of transit operators in each urban area in Japan. In addition, governmental policies to help solve the urban transport problems are briefly described. In order to make the policies effective, coordination among government agencies is required. The establishment of a unified government agency is regarded as the first priority in dealing with the urban transport problem. It is expected that the government will offer bold new countermeasures to cope with urban transportation problems.This report was accomplished with the kind assistance of Professor Jerry B. Schneider, Departments of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning, University of Washington, and Mr. Satoshi Inoue, an official of the Ministry of Transport in Japan, who is currently studying at the University of Washington.     

Appraising large-scale investments in a metropolitan transportation system

A package of large-scale investments in the transportation infrastructure in the Stockholm metropolitan region is currently being proposed. It contains new investments in the railway and subway systems as well as new links in the road system. This paper deals with the issue of appraising this kind of investment program. One major problem is the lack of a unique standard method, and it is argued that several tools should be used in a practical evaluation of large-scale investments in the transportation system.Four different approaches are presented and related to each other. First, one study uses a network-based mode-split/assignment model with a fixed trip matrix. The second study is complementary, as its aim is to also trace the impacts on the spatial distribution of population and jobs by applying an integrated transportation and land use model. Third, the long-run effects of the investments on regional economic growth are discussed within the framework of regional production functions. Fourth, an alternative approach is used, in which benefits from the investments are assessed through their estimated influence on aggregate land values.Abbreviations RA Reference Alternative - IP Investment Proposal - IMREL Integrated Model of Residential and Employment Location - RPFM Regional Production Function Model An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 31th European Congress of the Regional Science Association, Lisbon, August 1991.