我国首艘环保型绿色电力推进示范船试航成功

2010年1月22日，在昆明滇池码头隆重举行了“滇游1号”电力推进客渡船的开航仪式。“滇游1号”电力推进客渡船是应用西部交通建设科技项目“内河小型船舶电力推进系统研制”成果——内河小型船舶电力推进系统研制的示范船。由上海海事大学和云南省航务管理局组成的课题组经过三年研究，取得了多项创新成果。     

船载GPS在内河海事监管中的应用研究

文章阐述了百色辖区内河的通航环境、渡口渡工特点和营运渡船状况,分析了远洋航行定位技术在百色右江客渡船舶上运用的可行性,并提出了利用船载GPS设备进行内河海事监管的具体措施,为提升海事监管能力提供有效的技术支持。     

扁平链斗式捞砂船船体强度探讨

文章针对广西内河扁平链斗式捞砂船结构的特点,通过对实船进行检查与调研,结合现行国家相关规范的要求及扁平链斗式捞砂船船体强度实际问题,探讨了整改措施和一些基本的技术要求。     

真抓实干探新路 强化管理保安全

<正> 1994年,随着水运市场多种经营方式的出现,给水上交通安全管理带来了许多困难。面对这种新形势,荆沙市港监部门采取有效措施,在深化改革、强化管理上下功夫,积极探索安全管理新思路,大力推行安全责任目标制,突出现场监督和通航环境治理,安全工作得到进一步加强,实现了客渡船无任何事故,船舶安全面达99.6％,他们的主要做法如下:     

内河小型船舶电力推进系统助推西部绿色航运

＂滇游1号＂电力推进客渡船是应用西部交通建设科技项目＂内河小型船舶电力推进系统研制＂成果制造的示范船。该船环保性能优越,能够有效遏制航运船舶对空气及水体的污染,有利于保护高原湖库区水域环境,可满足西部地区对环保型绿色航运船舶的迫切需求,对实现水路交通事业的健康可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。     

漓江游船变更为柳江游船的可行性分析

漓江旅游客船变更为柳江旅游客船存在的技术问题是适用规范的不同,文章从船体结构、船舶稳性、船舶干舷、船舶设备等方面,分析了漓江旅游客船变更为柳江旅游客船的可行性。     

电力推进技术在渡船中的应用

近年来,国家陆续出台了关于长江生态保护的相关文件。随着电力推进技术在节能减排方面的优势显现,常规动力渡船存在的问题显而易见,如较长传动轴增加了能量损耗,降低了能源效率;柴油机的响应较慢,影响船舶的机动性;柴油机的燃烧不充分导致燃油的过多消耗,以及柴油机直驱渡船的动力推进装置占据了机舱的大部分空间。本文结合电力推进渡船的应用情况,针对上述常规推进渡船的缺点,对船舶动力系统进行了改进,采用全回转电力推进取代原先柴油机直驱,电站采用高压共轨电喷式柴油机带动发电机发电,经整流实现直流组网后,统一为全船提供动力和日常用电。     

11929.2亿吨

<正>据长江三峡通航管理局2015年工作会暨四届一次职代会上消息,去年三峡通航安全保持"双零",安全形势创历史最优,三峡船闸共安全运行10794闸次,通过量11929.2万吨(含客船折合运量1031.2万吨);葛洲坝三座船闸共运行18619闸次,通过量11772.5万吨,同比均大增长,创历史新高,枢纽航运效益进一步安全高效发挥。据了解,去年三峡辖区水上零沉船、连续4年零人员死亡,无发生船舶漂流撞坝事故、污染事故,客渡船17年安全渡运无事故,安全形势持续稳定。     

交通运输安全生产大检查

6月15日,交通运输部发出通知,决定于今年6月至9月底,在全国交通运输系统集中开展安全生产大检查。大检查将覆盖交通运输系统所有领域、所有单位以及企业,对查出的问题实行"零容忍"。据介绍,交通运输部将采取全面自查与重点抽查互查相结合、明查与暗访相结合、现场查验与听取汇报相结合、查阅台账与当面问询相结合、查找隐患与督导工作相结合的方式,重点对公路安保工程、道路客运、城市公交和轨道交通、水上客(滚)运、水上砂石运输、渡口渡船、通航桥区和过河建筑物、港口危化品罐区、危化品运输、长大桥隧、大型     

罐装水泥船甲板结构改进与舯剖面优化设计

文章采用有限元计算法和蚁群算法,对罐装水泥运输船船体结构设计方案进行结构计算分析,结果显示:采用去除高应力区域结构以阻断载荷传递的方法比增强船体梁甲板结构的方法更为合理,对于改善结构局部高应力水平具有比较优势;通过蚁群算法对目标船货舱区域中剖面结构进行优化设计,以每个板格的板与加强筋的厚度、纵骨间距为设计变量,以单位长度结构模型重量最轻为目标函数,以中国船级社《钢质内河船舶建造规范(2016)》中关于直接计算的边界条件要求为优化算法的边界条件,选取合适的优化参数,使得优化后的结构重量下降10.44%。文中采用的结构调整方式及优化方法可为同类船型的设计提供参考。     

Mitigating air pollution impacts of passenger ferries

Increasing regional mobility demand amid rising roadway congestion has motivated plans for passenger ferry expansion and modernization in many parts of the US. While this trend applies to ferry systems in Alaska, New York, Boston, and Washington state, efforts to expand ferry service in the San Francisco Bay Area are unique in scale and vision. Integrating ferry service into the regional, door-to-door transit system can significantly increase water-crossing capacity for commuters. However, to realize this potential, the ferry industry must meet several challenges associated with growth, including environmental impacts. In particular, concern over air pollution emissions from marine engines is motivating new comparisons between ferries and other transportation modes in terms of both mobility and air pollution. This paper describes the current debate about ferry system operation and expansion, and presents a parametric analysis comparing existing, uncontrolled ferry emissions to automobiles. Under all reasonable assumptions, we show that diesel-powered ferries without emissions controls will produce more NO_x and PM, but less CO per passenger-trip than if those people commuted by car under current conditions. This paper also projects the emissions from the expanded ferry system proposed for the San Francisco Bay Area, showing that a larger ferry fleet equipped with new engines meeting future EPA emissions standards could become one of the major non-road NO_x sources in the region. We conclude by outlining the alternatives and challenges to reduce ferry emissions so that they are more comparable to automobile emissions. Policy implications of these alternatives are also discussed.     

Planning and Evaluation of Passenger Ferry Service in Hong Kong

A predominant observation in Hong Kong is the continuous loss in ferry patronage. There are two main reasons for this: poor level-of-service and better competitors. New roads, bridges, and tunnels are serving the buses, and to some extent the railways; whereas the investment in ferry terminals is relatively at a lower level. On the one hand, there is no need to promote the ferries in a free market environment; but on the other hand, the ferries have the best safety record, can only relieve some traffic congestion and need water access that is one of the characteristics of Hong Kong. The goal of this paper is to design a planning approach combined with an evaluation procedure on how to make the best use of the existing water and pier resources in Hong Kong through the provision of commercially viable ferry services. The approach used covers the impact of future developments planning up to 2006 comprising all public transport modes in Hong Kong (heavy rail, metro, bus, and ferry). The planning tool is based on a newly developed multi-objective evaluation method in order to assess the ferry routes with scientific, practical, and simplified analyses for future use. This assessment is applied to the existing ferry routes and candidate routes and can also be carried out on an individual route basis or on a given set of routes. The objective functions set forth analytically in the evaluation method take into account the interests of the three participants: the passengers, the operators and the government. The proposed ferry network design formulation and the suggested new ferry routes will have a positive impact on changing the ferry system’s image in Hong Kong.     

Water transit and excess travel: discrete choice modelling of bus and ferry trips in Brisbane,Australia

Recent investment in urban ferry transport has created interest in what value such systems provide in a public transport network. In some cases, ferry services are in direct competition with other land-based transport, and despite often longer travel times passengers still choose water transport. This paper seeks to identify a premium attached to urban water transit through an identification of excess travel patterns. A one-month sample of smart card transaction data for Brisbane, Australia, was used to compare bus and ferry origin–destination pairs between a selected suburban location and the central business district. Logistic regression of the data found that ferry travel tended towards longer travel times (OR?=?2.282), suggesting passengers do derive positive utility from ferry journeys. The research suggests the further need to incorporate non-traditional measures other than travel time for deciding the value of water transit systems.     

Multi-fleet ferry service network design with passenger preferences for differential services

This paper investigates a multi-fleet ferry routing and scheduling problem that takes into account ferry services with different operation characteristics and passengers with different preferred arrival time windows. The logit model is used to represent passengers’ service choices. The full problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem and solved with a heuristic procedure that first fixes the demand and then decomposes the resultant model by ferry services. At each iteration of the algorithm, the demand is updated and the relaxed problem is re-solved. Numerical results for the case of ferry service network design in Hong Kong are provided to illustrate the properties of the model and the performance of the heuristic.     

Ferry service network design: optimal fleet size,routing, and scheduling

The study formulated a ferry network design problem by considering the optimal fleet size, routing, and scheduling for both direct and multi-stop services. The objective function combines both the operator and passengers’ performance measures. Mathematically, the model is formulated as a mixed integer multiple origin–destination network flow problem with ferry capacity constraints. To solve this problem of practical size, this study developed a heuristic algorithm that exploits the polynomial-time performance of shortest path algorithms. Two scenarios of ferry services in Hong Kong were solved to demonstrate the performance of the heuristic algorithm. The results showed that the heuristic produced solutions that were within 1.3% from the CPLEX optimal solutions. The computational time is within tens of seconds even for problem size that is beyond the capability of CPLEX.     

Forecasting vs. observed outturn: Studying choice in faster inter-island connections

Passenger demand and, in particular, mode choice between the islands of Gran Canaria and Tenerife has experienced important changes in the last decade. In 2005 the jetfoil, which had been the dominant mode for many years, was replaced by a slower but cheaper fast ferry service. This induced important changes in the market shares of all competing modes (airplane, slow ferry and another fast ferry with a shorter in-sea time, but needing a bus connection in land). We estimated several discrete choice models, with data collected two years before, with the aim to test their forecasting performance in relation with observed behaviour. Interestingly, we found that an easy to interpret multinomial logit model allowing for systematic taste variations performed best in forecasting. We also discuss some model assumptions related to forecasting that allow replicating the effects of introducing a new mode more accurately. We finally show how the model can be used to examine the social benefits of a related infrastructure improvement project in the island of Gran Canaria.     

Comparing air pollution from ferry and landside commuting

Recent and anticipated growth in passenger ferry service has been complicated by concerns about air pollution from marine engines that are only starting to be regulated. While marine engines are known to be a significant and growing source category in some locations, sparse data and analytical difficulties have prevented rigorous comparisons of marine and on-land passenger travel. Using data gathered in the San Francisco Bay Area, we model emissions from three passenger ferries and the matching on-land travel that would be used by commuters if ferry service were not available. The results are analyzed parametrically for levels of ridership and induced travel demand, and for new technologies, including selective catalytic reduction and natural gas fuel. Results indicate that under some conditions, passenger ferries reduce some emissions (including particulate matter emissions) relative to the matching on-land service but increase others. Emissions of NO_X are particularly problematic––all the technologies examined lead to increased NO_X emissions due to ferry commuting. Some of the emissions comparisons are sensitive to mode split, ridership, or induced travel demand. However, NO_X emissions are not––ferry commuting always raises NO_X emissions, even with the most advanced technologies. Implications for local air quality regulators and for technology development are discussed.     

Robust models for transportation service network design

In this paper robust models are presented for the transportation service network design problem, using the ferry service network design problem as an example application. The base assumption is that only the mean and an upper bound on the passenger demand are known. In one robust model, this information is supplemented by a lower bound on the demand, whereas in a second robust model, the assumption is made that the variance of the demand is known, in addition to the mean and upper bound. The relationship between the two models is investigated and characterized analytically. A case study using the ferry service in Hong Kong is provided to illustrate the models.