斜滑断层对埋地天然气管道力学性能影响

为研究斜滑断层作用下埋地天然气管道受力性能和影响因素,采用有限元软件ADINA进行数值模拟,建立三维管土相互作用非线性有限元模型.在该模型的基础上,分析了断层错动量、管道埋深、管径、内压以及不同管材对管道受力与变形的影响.研究结果表明:断层错动下,钢质管道最大受力与变形位置位于断层两侧,管道所受最大拉压应变相近;管道应...     

打磨深度对在役管道受力状态的影响

在役管道超声波检测前,通常需要对管道表面进行一定量的打磨,以提高声耦合效果.文中基于ANSYS有限元分析和实验验证的方法,对管道在不同打磨程度下的在役受力情况进行了模拟、分析和验证,以研究打磨行为对在役管道受力状态的影响.研究结果表明:将打磨深度控制在一定范围内时,既能满足声耦合需求,又不会对管道的安全运行造成威胁.     

架空管道非典型补偿器布置对管道应力及支架影响的分析

简单介绍在架空管道中几种常见的非典型补偿器布置型式,并通过计算结果对管道应力、固定支架和第三导向支架的受力情况进行了分析.当出现管道错位的情况时,建议在有波纹补偿器的管段中,在错位处采用弯头进行联接的方式,并对焊口进行加强,在自然补偿段中采用两钢管直接焊接的方式处理.     

洪水冲击管道的模拟分析

根据计算流体力学的原理和方法，以流场数值模拟为基础，利用大型流体计算软件对洪水冲击管道流场进行了模拟分析，得到了流场分布、压力分布情况，计算出了不同裸露程度管道在不同流速洪水冲击下的受力数值，分析了管道裸露程度对管壁受力的影响。     

陈屋高架桥桥梁偏位处治方案设计

文章以陈屋高架桥桥墩倾斜为主要研究对象,结合检测报告,提出了偏位处治方案.开展Midas-Civil建模对处治方案中的支架和桥墩进行受力分析计算,确保施工过程中的安全.为同类型主梁纠偏工程提供参考.     

直埋蒸汽管道外套钢管失效分析及对策

比较了蒸汽直埋管道外套钢管与直埋热水管道的异同,分析了蒸汽直埋管道外套钢管的受力特点和几种破坏形式,提出了蒸汽直埋管道外套钢管的设计及施工技术要求。     

膨胀土桩基施工对紧邻管道受力变形的影响

针对我国膨胀土地区中桩基紧邻管道施工广泛存在的情况,文章以云南保山绕城高速胡家坡大桥为工程背景,建立桩基、土体和管道(石油、燃气)的整体三维数值模型,考虑上部结构自重和施工荷载,分析膨胀土桩基施工对邻近管道受力变形的影响。结果表明:桩基施工诱使管道发生竖向及水平变形,累计变形为0.9mm;管道水平应力及竖向应力均处于较低水平,桩基施工对管道受力影响较小,管道结构处于安全状态;桩顶轴向压力对邻近管道受力及变形的影响可以忽略不计。     

高落差长输管道地震反应数值分析

文中利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立高落差长输管道模型,模拟不同管径、壁厚、倾角的管道在地震荷载下的受力状态,得到各状态下的管道受力数据。通过对比分析,得到以下结论:在地震作用下,只有两个弯管处出现了应力集中,斜管段应力较小且无明显波动,最大应力一直出现在上弯管处;壁厚对高落差长输管道的地震反应影响较大;管径对管道地震反应影响很小;倾角对管道地震反应影响很大,是管道铺设中应该着重考虑的因素。     

含蜡热油管道清管过程的卡堵风险分析

现场清管作业时,清管器经常被卡堵,严重时会影响生产.因此,为降低热油管道清管过程中的卡堵风险,根据清管器在含蜡热油管道中的受力情况和运行规律,结合输油管道的现场运行管理经验,分析含蜡热油管道清管过程可能遇到的卡堵,对此提出可靠的应对措施,以杜绝含蜡热油管道周期性清管中各种事故的发生,保证热油管道清管工作的安全进行,为今...     

乌兰木伦河3号桥安全平台设计

文章以乌兰木伦河3号桥工程为例,介绍了双飞翼拱桥施工过程中不同结构类型的安全操作平台设计方案.该工程通过受力计算、安全措施配备等方法对常规高空、多角度倾斜、外伸安全平台进行设计与分析,制作出安全性能高、结构简单、受力路径明确的施工安全平台,最大程度保障作业人员的安全,可为类似结构形式的桥梁安全平台设计提供经验借鉴.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

盾构隧道管片接头抗剪力学性能研究

通过对南京长江盾构隧道环向管片接头进行的三组原型抗剪(无螺栓剪切、有螺栓逆剪和有螺栓顺剪)加载试验,分析研究了管片接头在剪力作用下的受力、变形和破坏特征,给出了管片接头混凝土接触面的静摩擦系数,得到了接头剪力主要由混凝土接触面承担、破坏形式为连接斜螺栓剪切延性破坏的结论。通过对管片结构的有限元数值模拟计算得出:接头处的剪力与轴力比小于接缝面的摩擦系数,管片不会发生相互错动,结构是稳定的。     

混合动力列车的应用前景展望

本文阐述了混合动力列车的技术特点及其相应优势与劣势,同时介绍了其在国内外的研究动向,并对其应用前景进行了展望。尽管该类新型铁道车辆的续航能力、电池寿命以及成本等相关问题目前仍有待改善,但以其对城市环境的美化作用与优越的舒适驾乘性能,以及高效节能、绿色环保的显著优势,依然不失为一类充满前景的新型轨道交通运输方式。     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

Evaluation of pedestrian crosswalk level of service (LOS) in perspective of type of land-use

In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations.     

超声导波技术在压力管道腐蚀检测的应用研究

在传统的管道腐蚀检测技术中,一般采用逐点测量管壁厚度的方法检测管道的局部腐蚀,无法实现管道的全面检测,并且无法对占压、跨越、穿越和未开挖等处的地埋管道进行腐蚀检测。目前,导波技术在国内外压力管道腐蚀检测中得到了广泛的应用,在解决了上述问题的同时,此项技术在应用过程遇到了一些技术难题,特别是管道缺陷信号的提取和辨识。文中介绍了管道导波检测的基本原理和导波应用的案例。