随机面激励的非规则声腔自噪声计算方法研究

舰船声呐罩以及舱室、车厢等常见的非规则声腔受湍流边界层脉动压力随机面激励产生的水(气)动力噪声,已经或将成为声呐自噪声和舱室噪声的主要成因。文中以一个非规则形状的三维声腔为例,考虑声腔结构振动与内外声场的耦合,采用虚拟膜技术和集成模态法以及功率谱密度概念,建立了声腔受湍流边界层脉动压力随机面激励的自噪声计算模型和方法。数值计算分析表明:虚拟膜技术和集成模态法可用于舰船声呐罩以及列车和汽车车厢等非规则声腔自噪声计算的声学建模,预报声腔内部水动力噪声或气动力噪声的低中频分量,具有数值方法能够模拟复杂形状声腔和解析方法相应的声振耦合方程维数少的优点。     

基于 CFD预报双桨式吊舱推进器水动力性能

基于粘性流体理论,采用CFD技术数值预报双桨式吊舱推进器的敞水水动力性能。通过对某单桨吊舱推进器进行数值模拟,并与实验值进行比较,验证数值计算方法的准确性。最后数值计算了双桨式吊舱推进器在不同偏转角时的水动力性能,通过数值计算、结果比较和特性分析,计算结果呈现出一定的规律性,达到了给出双桨式全回转吊舱推进器数值预报的方法和一般性规律的目的,可以对此类推进器水动力性能的预报提供参考。     

船舶螺旋桨流固耦合稳态求解算法

  目的  研究弹性螺旋桨在水流中的振动响应特性。  方法  基于CFD/FEM流固耦合方法,利用Work-bench平台中的ANSYS-CFX模块对螺旋桨进行双向流固耦合水动力求解,分析弹性螺旋桨变形及应力应变响应特性;考虑到流固耦合对固有特性的影响,利用ACT_Acoustic模块计算桨叶湿模态,结合弹性螺旋桨固有特性和流固耦合水动力结果进行弹性螺旋桨频谱分析。  结果  流固耦合水动力结果相较不考虑流固耦合的定常计算结果更接近试验回归曲线;与干模态相比,弹性螺旋桨前5阶湿模态固有频率减小19%~37%,且四阶和五阶干湿模态振型存在交错情况。频谱分析结果表明,水动力轴向推力和扭矩是弹性螺旋桨在流场中振动响应的主要影响因素,且主要引起弹性螺旋桨的一阶湿模态悬臂振动;桨叶面上,从叶梢处到导边和叶中部分,再到随边部分,最后到叶根处,结构响应逐渐降低。  结论  所做研究可为弹性螺旋桨流固耦合计算分析提供方法途径,也为螺旋桨流固耦合振动噪声分析打下了一定基础。     

振动翼推进性能计算及试验研究

采用非定常边界元法基于格林定理构建振动翼计算模型,讨论相关的构建过程、程序结构;采用时变尾涡面和时间步进法在时域中处理振动翼的尾涡存储效应,在尾涡面上应用等压Kutta条件并通过New-ton-Raphson法进行迭代求解,对在无限域中的振动翼水动力特性进行计算和研究;通过数值计算结果与试验数据对比,证实本方法的有效性。     

Time-domain numerical and experimental analysis of hydroelastic response of a very large floating structure edged with a pair of submerged horizontal plates

This paper is concerned with the hydroelastic problem of a pontoon-type, very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with the perforated plates, non-perforated plates or their combination anti-motion device both numerically and experimentally. A direct time domain modal expansion method, taking amount of the time domain Kelvin sources in hydrodynamic forces, in which the fluid flows across the perforated anti-motion plate by applying the Darcy's law, is applied to the fluid–structure interaction problem. A quarter of numerical model is built based on the symmetry of flow field and structure in hydrodynamic forces, and special care is paid to the rapid and accurate evaluation of time domain free-surface Green functions and its spatial derivatives in finite water depth by using interpolation–tabulation method. Using the developed numerical tools and the model tests conducted in a wave basin, the response-reduction efficiency of the perforated plates is systematically assessed for various wave and anti-motion plate parameters, such as plate width, porosity and submergence depth. As a result of the parametric study, the porosity 0.11 is selected as the optimal porosity, and the relationship between the porosity and the porous parameter is developed by using the least-squares fitting scheme. After simulation and verification, the dual anti-motion plates which are the perforated-impermeable-plate combination attached to the fore-end and back-end of the VLFS, are designed for more wave energy dissipation and added damping. Considering variation of the water depths in offshore, discussion on the effectiveness of these anti-motion devices at different water depths is highlighted.     

Analysis of wave-drift damping of a VLFS with shallow draft

Numerical analysis of the wave-drift damping of VLFS as a floating elastic plate is presented. The source distribution method is used to analyze the drift force of the floating plate advancing with low-forward speed in waves. In the analysis, the shallow-draft assumption of the floating body is utilized; this assumption leads to the neglect of the steady disturbance field, which simplifies the analysis to a great extent. The consideration of the elastic deformation is made by modal expansion of the response, and the unit-amplitude radiation potentials are computed for each mode. The numerical results have confirmed that the wave-drift damping will have appreciable magnitude at the frequency region where the slow-drift oscillations are dominant. The formula for the wave-drift damping proposed by Aranha (J Fluid Mech 1996;313:39–54) has been compared with the present numerical results, but fundamental disagreement has been observed as reported by Finne and Grue (J Fluid Mech 1998;357:289–320).     

Long marine shafting alignment and optimization considering propeller hydrodynamic force in wake field北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对计入螺旋桨水动力的舰船轴系校中计算,传统方法通常容易忽略船体伴流场的影响,使得螺旋桨水动力计算的结果与真实值之间存在较大偏差,从而导致轴系校中精度下降。[方法]以某舰船长轴系为对象,建立桨-轴-船一体化有限元模型及其伴流场流域模型,利用CFD数值仿真的叠模方法计算螺旋桨水动力;采用流固耦合法将流体计算结果作用于螺旋桨表面,进行轴系校中计算,并得到螺旋桨水动力对轴系整体挠曲线及各轴承状态参数的影响规律。在此基础上,引入多目标优化算法开展轴系多目标优化校中,来解决轴系末端四套轴承间载荷差值过大的问题。[结果]考虑螺旋桨水动力后,轴系尾部挠度变化减小,越靠近螺旋桨处的轴承其载荷所受影响越大,载荷值随进速系数的增大而减小;对比多目标优化前后的轴系校中状态,轴系各轴承之间的载荷差值明显减小,轴系运行状态得到改善。[结论]所提方法提高了计入螺旋桨水动力的轴系校中计算精度,可为轴系校中质量的提升提供参考。     

Time-domain strip method with memory-effect function considering the body nonlinearity of ships in large waves (second report)

In the previous paper, one of the authors proposed a new time-domain nonlinear strip method for a rigid body, in which hydrodynamic forces are evaluated by a convolution integral with the memory function computed for the instantaneous submerged part of the transverse sections, and the Froude–Krylov and hydrostatic forces are evaluated on the instantaneous wetted hull surface. In this paper, first, that nonlinear strip method is extended for an elastic body using a method of superposition of elastic mode functions, which enabled us to investigate whipping phenomena due to impulsive large waves. Second, the influence of different approximations of the pressure above the still-water surface is investigated, and then the results calculated by the proposed nonlinear strip method are compared with the experimental ones. Third, whipping phenomena observed for an elastic body at higher Froude numbers are studied through a comparison between computed and measured results. Higher-frequency vibrations in the vertical bending moment due to slamming are discussed. Furthermore, the wave load due to green water on deck is calculated by introducing a practical model, and the effects of the green water on responses of both rigid and elastic bodies are investigated.     

船体在波浪中的非线性水动压力

本文提出了一个预报船体在波浪中大幅运动时非线性水动压力场的二维时域理论。船体扰动势用时域自由面格林函数和在入射波下的瞬时湿表面上的分布源求解;与非线性水动压力场相匹配的船体运动用差分法求得。为提高计算效率和避免数值过程发散,采用了改进的数值模型和方案。通过线性理论计算与模型试验结果的比较,指出了线性切片理论在预报水动压力场时的不足,水动压力与波高的非线性关系及正负水动压力沿船体表面的分布在Wigley船的计算比较中得到了说明。初步计算表明,该理论的实用化发展前景是令有鼓舞的。相应的计算机程序可在PC机上运行。     

无加筋平板极限强度的简化解析法与规范公式的比较

无加筋板是船舶结构的主要构件之一，船舶结构强度校核的一项重要内容就是校核各平板单元是否具备足够的强度储备。最近几年，作者们采用弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析相结合的简化解析方法，曾给出了板和加筋板格在联合载荷作用下的极限强度计算公式，并与部分实验值相比，吻合较好，但没有与目前船级社所采用的规范计算公式作过比较。现作这一比较工作，也包括与有限元分析的比较；同时对以前所开发的简化解析法又作了进一步的改进，文章报道这一改进结果。最后，采用上述三种方法，对影响平板极限强度的几个主要参数进行了研究，结果表明，简化解析法与规范计算公式吻合较好。     

Numerical calculation method for the hydroelastic response of a pontoon-type very large floating structure close to a breakwater

This paper presents an effective scheme for calculating the wave-induced hydroelastic response of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) when it is near a breakwater. The basic numerical calculation method is the one previously developed by the same author for a VLFS in the open sea (no breakwater), which is expanded to include the effect of the hydrodynamic mutual interaction between the breakwater and the floating structure. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are validated through comparisons with other numerical results and with existing experimental results. After that confirmation, various numerical calculations were conducted, paying special attention to the resonance phenomena which will occur depending on the relation between the wavelength and the clearance between the breakwater and the floating structure. The irregular frequency phenomenon which appears in the calculation of the fluid dynamic problem is discussed in the appendices, including a method for its elimination. Received: October 31, 2000 / Accepted: December 19, 2000     

Transient responses of a VLFS during landing and take-off of an airplane

The transient elastic deformation of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) caused by the landing and take-off of an airplane is computed by the time-domain mode-expansion method. The memory effects in hydrodynamic forces are taken into account, and great care is paid to numerical accuracy in evaluating all the coefficients appearing in the simultaneous differential equations for the elastic motion of a VLFS. The time-histories of the imparted force and the position and velocity of an airplane during landing and take-off are modeled with data from a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet. Simulation results are shown of 3-D structural waves on a VLFS and the associated unsteady drag force on an airplane, which is of engineering importance, particularly during take-off. The results for landing show that the airplane moves faster than the structural waves generated in the early stage, and the waves overtake the airplane as its speed decreases to zero. The results for take-off are essentially the same as those for landing, except that the structural waves develop slowly in the early stage, and no obstacle exists on the runway after the take-off of airplane. The additional drag force on an airplane due to the elastic responses of the runway considered in this work was found to be small in magnitude.     

基于B样条的三维船体水动力数值计算

本文采用基于B样条的一种新的数值方法计算三维船体水动力，用B样条函数表达三维船体表面的几何形状以及流场中未知物理量的分布，为了验证该数值方法的可行性和精确度首先对处于无限流体域中的圆球体绕流问题进行了计算；其次计算了由ITTC所推荐的Wigley船型的兴波阻力以及以一攻角斜航时的操纵水动力；最后在一些假设下对两船作平行航行时的干扰水动力作了相应计算工作。数值计算结果与其它试验或理论结果在定量或定性上吻合良好。     

Analytical and experimental study of free vibration of beams carrying multiple masses and springs

The structures in engineering can be simplified intoelastic beams with concentrated masses and elastic spring supports.Studying the law of vibration of the beams can be a help in guidingits design and avoiding resonance. Based on the Laplace transformmethod, the mode shape functions and the frequency equations ofthe beams in the typical boundary conditions are derived. Acantilever beam with a lumped mass and a spring is selected toobtain its natural frequencies and mode shape functions. Anexperiment was conducted in order to get the modal parameters ofthe beam based on the NExT-ERA method. By comparing theanalytical and experimental results, the effects of the locations ofthe mass and spring on the modal parameter are discussed. Thevariation of the natural frequencies was obtained with the changingstiffness coefficient and mass coefficient, respectively. The findingsprovide a reference for the vibration analysis methods and thelumped parameters layout design of elastic beams used inengineering.     

软刚臂系泊LNG-FSRU水动力模型试验研究

LNG-FSRU采用软刚臂单点系泊系统定位于特定海域在风、浪、流联合作用下进行作业,其运动非常复杂,必须进行水动力性能研究.本文针对35万立方米超大型LNG-FSRU,采用软刚臂单点系泊系统定位方式,开展了风、浪、流联合作用下水动力模型试验研究.软刚臂系泊系统软中各构件间的连接方式及Yoke重量相似是模型试验的关键,试验对该系泊系统的相似性进行了模拟,并将试验结果与数值计算结果进行了对比分析,结果显示,软刚臂系泊系统刚度曲线呈现非线性,试验结果与数值结果吻合良好,表明试验中对于软刚臂系泊系统的模拟是合理的,反映了LNG-FSRU在风、浪、流联合作用下的运动特性.     

海上浮式结构物的水动力仿真研究

基于粘性计算流体力学的方法建立三维数值波浪水池,模拟有限振幅波的传播,并计算三维球体在规则波环境下所受的波浪力。采用两相不可压的RANS方程求解非定常不可压缩粘性流体,并采用流体体积函数(VOF)法对自由面进行动态模拟。通过编写用户自定义函数(UDF)设置边界入口速度和波高,实现在波浪水池尾部1~2倍波长区域消波,最终求出有限振幅波的模拟结果以及规则波中三维球体所受的波浪力,该结果与势流理论边界元法得到的结果在趋势上吻合良好。该研究方法为模拟分析其他海洋结构物在波浪中的水动力奠定基础,丰富与扩展了数值波浪水池的应用。     

A B-spline Galerkin scheme for calculating the hydroelastic response of a very large floating structure in waves

This paper presents an effective scheme for computing the wave-induced hydroelastic response of a very large floating structure, and a validation of its usefulness. The calculation scheme developed is based on the pressure-distribution method of expressing the disturbance caused by a structure, and on the mode-expansion method for hydroelastic deflection with the superposition of orthogonal mode functions. The scheme uses bi-cubic B-spline functions to represent unknown pressures, and the Galerkin method to satisfy the body boundary conditions. Various numerical checks confirm that the computed results are extremely accurate, require relatively little computational time, and contain few unknowns, even in the region of very short wavelengths. Measurements of the vertical deflections in both head and oblique waves of relatively long wavelength are in good agreement with the computed results. Numerical examples using shorter wavelengths reveal that the hydroelastic deflection does not necessarily become negligible as the wavelength of incident waves decreases. The effects of finite water depth and incident wave angle are also discussed.     

基于体积力法的船舶回转运动水动力数值研究

船舶的回转性能是船舶操纵性能的一个重要方面,准确预报船舶回转运动时的水动力对于船舶的安全操纵设计具有重大意义。对照试验数据,应用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法,基于商用软件FLUENT 数值求解RANS方程,采用定常旋转坐标系,运用一种便捷的描述型体积力模型代替实体螺旋桨的作用,预报船舶做单平面定常回转运动时的受力和力矩。计算结果与理论值吻合较好,研究表明应用本文所采取的体积力法数值研究船舶定常回转运动是高效、可行的。     

特定环境下螺旋桨尾轴蠕变特性研究

针对常温下长期受到恒载荷作用下的某舰螺旋桨尾轴进行了常温蠕变分析,并对变形后的螺旋桨尾轴进行了动力分析.选择合适的蠕变模型,采用有限元法,计算出20年后尾轴的挠曲线,并对无变形的螺旋桨尾轴和蠕变变形后的螺旋桨尾轴进行模态分析,进行比较.最后计算出变形后尾轴所产生的激励和响应.经过分析计算可知,蠕变已经使尾轴性能有了实质性的降低.     

多点系泊定位FDPSO船体水动力性能数值模拟和模型试验研究(英文)

由于中国南海海域海况十分恶劣,浮式钻井生产储油轮(FDPSO,Floating,Drilling,Production,Storage and Offloading vessel)定位方式的研究是海洋工程界值得关注的课题。文章采用数值模拟和模型试验的方法对多点系泊FDPSO水动力性能开展研究。数值模拟包括FDPSO船体频域水动力性能计算和船体/锚链时域耦合分析。船体频域水动力性能计算得到了水动力系数,波浪力和运动幅值响应算子;时域耦合数值分析得到了中国南海海域一年一遇海况和百年一遇海况下船体六自由度运动时历。模型试验在上海交通大学海洋工程深水池开展,包括静水衰减试验,白噪声试验和不规则波试验。对数值计算结果和模型试验结果进行了比较,验证了数值结果的准确性,并对多点系泊FDPSO在中国南海海域的水动力性能进行了研究。