摩托车自动加浓阀控制方式分析（2）

（上接2011年第7期） c）目前,直流点火、三相直流供电系统加浓阀控制方式主要有2种,第1种方式是将加浓阀控制电路寄生在调压整流器内,调压器输出端单独引出1个加浓阀PTC控制电压,整车电气原理图如图8所示,调压整流器控制电路原理图如图9所示。     

摩托车启动加浓器的另类改装

随着冬季来临,气温越来越低.一些摩托车也因此变得很难启动,除了自身电路或气缸工作故障外,另一个重要原因就是化油器的加浓阀工作不正常.如果是国产车,换个同型号的加浓器就可以解决,但对于进口车,由于配件不好买,价格又高,这让很多摩迷为难.     

动手篇摩托车启动加浓器的另类改装

随着冬季来临,气温越来越低,一些摩托车也因此变得很难启动,除了自身电路或气缸工作故障外,另一个重要原因就是化油器的加浓阀工作不正常。如果是国产车,换个同型号的加浓器就可以解决,但对于进口车,由于配件不好买,价格又高,这让很多摩迷为难。     

摩托车用控制器的作用和原理分析

1控制器的作用 摩托车用控制器实际是一种电子开关,应用于电热旁通式冷起动加浓系统.该系统适合于没有空档自动离合的踏板摩托车(如风光125、凌鹰125等),优点是既提供较浓的混合气,又提供较多的空气,冷起动时无需加大油门,避免飞车事故的发生.下面就发动机的两种工况,介绍控制器在冷起动加浓系统中的作用.     

等真空膜片化油器启动加浓阀的结构和测试方法

目前等真空膜片式化油器在踏板摩托车上得到了广泛地应用,其出色的使用性能被广大用户接受和认可。等真空膜片式化油器特殊的结构与传统的柱塞式化油器对比有着明显的优越性。众所周知,摩托车冷车启动一直是个令人头痛的问题,冷车启动时发动机需要较浓的燃油空气混合气才易启动,柱塞式化油器虽然采用了启动阻风门加浓的方式,但没办法对冷车启动时的混合气进行柔性控制,这给用户造成了使用上的麻烦,时常忘记将阻风门片回位,其结构形式也不适用于踏板摩托车。但等真空膜片式化油器则采用了电启动     

摩托车防盗器的灵活应用

目前市售摩托车遥控防盗器的型号繁多,但多为针对CDI点火系统并且是正触发方式起动电路的摩托车而设计的.可是实际上有很多摩托车是采用直流点火系统或负触发方式的起动电路,一般的防盗器不能直接安装在这些摩托车上.     

化油器的常见故障与维修

化油器的种类虽多、结构各异,但它们大体可分为转阀式、柱塞式和等真空式。化油器性能的好坏,直接影响到发动机的动力和它的稳定性,其常见故障如下: 1.加浓系统出现故障 当化油器转阀损坏、加浓阀损坏或卡滞、电路断路时,若转阀或加浓阀处于关闭状态,会造成发动机启动时转阀     

轻轻松松骑踏板——踏板车省油攻略之改装思路

踏板车是指驾驶员脚踏处为一块平整的大踏板而车体外表被覆严密的摩托车,因为非常方便穿裙子的女士驾驶,所以又称为女式车。它通常采用皮带传动、无级变速、自动离合、强制风冷或水冷、自动加浓阀（电子风门）化油器的技术,去除了繁琐的操作程序,非常方便骑行,驾驶者只需要控制油门和制动装置,故而深得女士们的欢迎。它的外形设计又轻松拥有了超大的储物空间,且能防雨天鞋子沾泥带水。     

汽车电子加速踏板可靠性控制的研究

为确保汽车电子加速踏板的可靠性,建立了踏板位置控制模型,信号经滤波、信号诊断、传感器故障诊断和传感器信号选取与定标,最终获得加速踏板的准确位置.通过仿真和快速控制原型,测试了整个控制过程的可靠性.结果表明该控制方式可满足汽车电子加速踏板可靠性控制的要求.     

直流点火器的工作原理及应用

目前,直流点火器以其点火能量充足稳定而越来越被广泛应用,笔者购买了一块较普遍应用的直流电子点火器(科创牌)改装在125型车上(原车为CDI点火)使用效果很好,于是对其进行了剖析,并绘出了原理图,下面介绍一下其工作原理,以便大家了解和正确应用。     

Development of an auxiliary mode powertrain for hybrid electric scooter

This paper proposes a design and implementation of an auxiliary mode, hybrid electric scooter (HES) by means of more cost-effective way for improving scooter’s performance and efficiency. The HES is built in a parallel hybrid configuration with a 24V 370W auxiliary power electric motor, a 24V 20AH battery, and an electronically controlled fuel injection internal combustion engine (ICE) scooter. In contrast to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the issues concerning cost, volume, and reliability are even more rigorous when developing hybrid electric scooters (HESs). Therefore, the drive topology and control strategy used in HEV cannot be applied to HES directly. In order to hasten the developing phase and achieve the parametric tune-up of the HES component, a dynamic simulation model for the HES is developed here. Because the powertrain system is complex and nonlinear in nature, the simulation model utilizes mathematical models in tandem with accumulated experimental data. The method about the mathematical model construction, analysis and simulation of the hybrid powertrain used in a scooter are fully described. The efficacy of the model was verified experimentally on a scooter chassis dynamometer and the performance of the proposed hybrid powertrain is studied using the developed model under a representative urban driving cycle. Finally, Simulation and experimental results confirm the feasibility and prosperity of the proposed hybrid HES and indicate that the designed hybrid system can improve the fuel consumption rate up to 15% compared with the original scooter.     

摩托车发动机电子控制系统设计

选用AT89S52单片机,设计了轻骑踏板车GY6发动机的电子控制系统,并进行了系统调试,实现了各工况下电控系统对点火提前角及喷油脉宽的控制。     

The influence of frame compliance and rider mobility on the scooter stability

This article investigates the effect of frame compliance and rider mobility on the scooter stability. Particular attention is given to the wobble mode, because it may easily become unstable in the vehicle speed range. This article includes a synthetic discussion of previous works, presents a new mathematical model, and discusses the results of both numerical and experimental analyses of the vehicle stability by varying the vehicle characteristics and motion conditions.

The mathematical model describes the out-of-plane dynamics of the scooter and consists of a twelve-degree-freedom linear model. It describes the main scooter features and, in particular, includes the frame compliance, rider mobility, and an advanced tire model. The torsion and bending compliance of both the front fork and swingarm are modelled using lumped rotational springs; similarly, the rider mobility is described by means of two soft springs which connect the rider body to the chassis. The tire model describes in detail the carcass geometry and its compliance. The full scooter model is available on the website www.dinamoto.it and has been derived using ‘MBSymba’, which is a package for the symbolic modelling of multibody systems.

The scooter stability has been investigated at both low and high speeds; in particular, the effect of vehicle compliance and rider mobility on the weave and wobble modes have been examined. Numerical simulations show that the bending flexibility of the front fork stabilizes wobble mode at high speed and has a contrary effect at low speed, whereas the torsion flexibility of the fork does not appear to have a remarkable influence; the bending flexibility of the swingarm slightly stabilizes the weave mode at very high speeds whereas the torsion flexibility of the swingarm has a contrary effect. The effect of rider mobility is to stabilize the weave mode at high speed and the wobble mode at low speed. Several experimental tests have been carried out in the same speed range and a good correlation between simulations and tests has been found. The variation of some important vehicle parameters has been investigated; in particular, tests were repeated for different values of the rear-frame inertia, the rear-chassis stiffness, the front-tire characteristics, the normal trail, and the steer inertia.     

踏板车间歇振动分析控制

针对某款踏板车在特定车速下间歇性振动过大的问题进行分析,判断并验证了该摩托车存在的拍振现象是导致此间歇振动的主要原因,结合拍振的产生原理,提出拍振控制的主要方法,综合考虑整车性能等因素提出具体的控制方案,该方案的应用取得了较好的减振效果。     

Development of an Anti-Lock Brake System for Motorcycle

An Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) system is developed for motorcycles using different control laws to improve the safety during emergent braking conditions. The mechanical design problem is first investigated so as to modify a scooter to be equipped with the proposed ABS brake system and to set up experimental test stand. For ABS control, the slip control, P1R3, and P2R4 methods are used to implement the controller using an Intel 80196KC single chip microcomputer. The hard-ware-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation is also performed in PC to check the performance in various road conditions including dry and wet roads. It is found experimentally that both P1R3 and P2R4 can both achieve ABS function, but P2R4 performs more desirably than P1R3 method.     

Development of an electric scooter for practical use

The new electric scooter which has been developed by Honda complies with the Japanese regulation for motorcycles with a maximum displacement of 50 cm³ or with limited rated power of 0.6 kW. The acceleration from 0 to 200 m in 17.3 s is similar to that of a scooter with a gasoline engine in the same category, and the travel distance of 35 km per charge in the urban area driving mode is sufficient for practical use. This performance was achieved by adopting a high performance NiCd battery, DC brushless motor, belt torque converter, low rolling resistance tire, etc., while pursuing the optimum combination of these components. The cycle life of the battery has exceeded 300, which corresponds to the estimated life-time traveling distance of a conventional scooter.     

Development of the performance simulator for electric scooters with an in-wheel motor

Due to the increasing use of fossil fuel, carbon dioxide emission also increased and environmental problems have emerged as social issues. Accordingly, the research about electric vehicles as personal transportation has been actively performed. An electric scooter is not as complex as an automobile, but it takes a lot of time and costs to design and develop a new vehicle due to trial and error in selecting the specifications of core components according to consumer’s requirements. In this paper, a performance simulator for an electric scooter with an in-wheel motor at the rear wheel was developed and the simulation results were verified through experiments. For a longer travelling distance with the same energy source, the regenerative braking algorithm that converts kinetic energy into electric energy during braking was applied. The usefulness of the regenerative braking control algorithm was verified through various simulation results.     

大阳摩托车三相电气系统的设计

随着摩托车电控、照明及信号等系统性能要求的提高,对整车电气系统的功率要求也相应提高。本文介绍的自行研制的大阳系列大排量骑式车、踏板车、电喷车电源供电系统均由大功率三相磁电机、三相全波调压整流器、免维护大容量蓄电池等组成,能确保整车用电系统电力更充足,电起动、照明和信号等系统工作更可靠。     

Development of an Anti-Lock Brake System for Motorcycle

SUMMARY

An Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) system is developed for motorcycles using different control laws to improve the safety during emergent braking conditions. The mechanical design problem is first investigated so as to modify a scooter to be equipped with the proposed ABS brake system and to set up experimental test stand. For ABS control, the slip control, P1R3, and P2R4 methods are used to implement the controller using an Intel 80196KC single chip microcomputer. The hard-ware-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation is also performed in PC to check the performance in various road conditions including dry and wet roads. It is found experimentally that both P1R3 and P2R4 can both achieve ABS function, but P2R4 performs more desirably than P1R3 method.     

Decoupled self-tuning PI controller for an idling stop system applied to scooters

This paper is aimed to propose a decoupled self-tuning proportional plus integral (PI) controller with simple law for an idling stop system applied to scooters. An integrated starter generator (ISG) of the idling stop system is designed with a high efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The PMSM used as an ISG must have a high torque characteristic to ensure that the engine can be accelerated up to firing speed. A conventional and useful control algorithm named PI control is unable to handle motor current very well for dynamic load, parametric variation, and external disturbance, especially in a vehicle application. Therefore, a robust algorithm for current control in an ISG is proposed. The decoupled selftuning PI controller based on the Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized to guarantee the control performance. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. Experimental results show that the engine of a 150 cm3 scooter can be cranked to reach firing speed by a ISG within 0.1?0.2 second. The proposed method is simple, robust, as well as stable for idling stop system, and can be effectively implemented.