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1.
To study flame propagation in a spark ignition engine, it must concentrate on the initial combustion stage, i.e., the formation and development of flame. Therefore, we must study the theoretical calculation of minimum flame kernel radius which affects the formation and development of flame kernel. To calculate the minimum flame kernel radius, we must know the thermal conductivity, flame temperature, laminar burning velocity, etc. To evaluate the accuracy of the minimum flame kernel radius based on the theory, authors compared with those from calculation and those from tests. According to the increase of number of sparks and spark intervals, the flame kernel radii become to increase and the expected lean limits are extended. It is considered that is due to the stability of combustion as increase of flame kernel size according as high ignition energy supplies in initial period and discharge energy period lengthens. 相似文献
2.
S. S. Merola P. Sementa C. Tornatore 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(1):93-101
In this paper, flame front propagation during normal and abnormal combustion was investigated. Cycle-resolved flame emission
imaging was applied in the combustion chamber of a port fuel injection-boosted spark ignition engine. The engine was fueled
with a mixture of 90% iso-octane and 10% n-heptane by volume (Primary Reference Fuel 90: PRF90) and commercial gasoline. The
combustion process was monitored from the flame kernel formation until the exhaust valves opened. Different phenomena associated
with abnormal combustion were analyzed, including the fuel deposition burning. Moreover, the ignition surfaces and end-gas
auto-ignitions were investigated in terms of timing, location and frequency of occurrence. The analysis was performed by considering
different knocking intensities for both the selected fuels. 相似文献
3.
Lean burn is an effective way to improve spark ignition engine fuel economy. In this paper, the combustion and emission characteristics
of a lean burn natural gas fuelled spark ignition engine were investigated at various throttle positions, fuel injection timings,
spark timings and air fuel ratios. The results show that ignition timings, the combustion duration, the coefficient of variation
(COV) of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and engine-out emissions are dependent on the overall air fuel ratio,
spark timings, throttle positions and fuel injection timings. With the increase of the air fuel ratio, the ignition delays
and combustion duration increases. Fuel injection timings affect ignition timings, combustion duration, IMEP, and the COV
of the IMEP. Late fuel injection timings can decrease the COV of the IMEP. Moreover, the change in the fuel injection timings
reduces the engine-out CO, total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions. Lean burn can significantly reduce NOx emissions, but it results
in high cyclic variations. 相似文献
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5.
用光学可视化方法研究乙醇柴油混合燃料的燃烧特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用直接图像法对乙醇柴油的燃烧过程进行研究。在一台单缸直接喷射式柴油机上,建立了直接图像法拍摄燃烧火焰图像的光学系统,对15%乙醇柴油、15%乙醇柴油加十六烷值改进剂、纯柴油在同一转速下的燃烧过程进行可视化研究。对火焰照片分析表明:柴油中加入乙醇后,无论是否恢复其十六烷值,其着火滞燃期都延长了,燃烧持续期缩短,火焰辉度减弱。在乙醇柴油中加入十六烷值改进剂后,着火滞燃期相对提前,燃烧持续期和火焰辉度增加,但仍然没有达到柴油机水平,这说明十六烷值改进剂有利于改善乙醇柴油的燃烧性能。通过温度场分析发现:乙醇柴油的缸内平均温度峰值要比纯柴油低很多,而且乙醇柴油燃烧时平均温度上升相当平缓。 相似文献
6.
S. S. Merola P. Sementa C. Tornatore B. M. Vaglieco 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2009,10(5):545-553
A low-cost solution based on fuel injection strategies was investigated to optimize the combustion process in a boosted port
fuel injection spark ignition (PFI SI) engine. The goal was to reduce the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions while maintaining
performance. The effect of fuel injection was analyzed for the closed and open valve conditions, and the multiple injection
strategies (MIS) based on double and triple fuel injection in the open-valve condition. The tests were performed on an optical
accessible single-cylinder PFI SI engine equipped with an external boost device. The engine was operated at full load and
with a stoichiometric ratio equivalent to that of commercial gasolines. Optical techniques based on 2D-digital imaging were
used to follow the flame propagation from the flame kernel to late combustion phase. In particular, the diffusion-controlled
flames near the valves and cylinder walls, due to fuel deposition, were studied. In these conditions, the presence of soot
was measured by two-color pyrometry, and correlated with engine parameters and exhaust emissions measured by conventional
methods. The open valve fuel injection strategies demonstrated better combustion process efficiency than the closed ones.
They provided very low soot levels in the combustion chamber and engine exhaust, and a reduction in specific fuel consumption.
The multiple injection strategies proved to be the best solution in terms of performance, soot concentration, and fuel consumption. 相似文献
7.
在电容储能点火系统的基础上,利用火花能量转换原理和能量叠加原理,提出了一种有别于传统发动机点火系的"稀燃快燃点火系"。简要介绍和分析了该点火系的组成及工作原理,对其进行了设计研究,通过试验验证了稀燃快燃点火系比传统点火系具有的优越性。结果表明:该点火系统能够提高点火线圈的次级电压,增加火花持续时间,有效提高点火能量的利用率,改善发动机点火性能。该点火系在进行适当匹配后不仅适用于现代高速、稀燃、高压缩比发动机,而且也适用于传统点燃式发动机。 相似文献
8.
针对4种不同火花塞,利用三维模拟软件建立了缸内直喷汽油机的仿真计算模型,在2 000r/min冷态情况下,对缸内湍流进行了计算,得到发动机在进气冲程、压缩冲程、点火时刻气缸内及火花塞附近的流场,评价了缸内速度场、湍动能参数。结果表明:在进气初期,火花塞对周围湍动能和缸内速度场影响最大,决定了缸内初期涡团的形成以及此后缸内湍流的发展变化;随着进气门的关闭和气缸容积的增大,火花塞对缸内湍流的影响越来越小;直至活塞靠近上止点,火花塞对局部流场的影响再一次显现。采用恰当的火花塞结构,使点火位置气流处于低速且具有足够湍流强度,对点火的稳定性和火焰的传播具有深远的影响。 相似文献
9.
在1台装备了自主开发的电控液压驱动可变气门机构的进气道喷射单缸试验发动机上,成功地实现了汽油机SI燃烧和可控自燃(CAI)燃烧。研究结果表明,采用自主研制的电液无凸轮轴气门机构能够实现可变气门定时及可变气门开启持续期;该机构在SI模式下能满足发动机的动力性要求且燃油经济性和CO,HC排放有所改善;通过排气门早关、进气门晚开策略,在转速为1 000 r/min、过量空气系数为1的工况下,进气门开启506~511°CA,排气门关闭242~278°CA气门正时范围内实现了CAI燃烧,CAI燃烧获得的最大平均有效压力可达0.395 MPa。 相似文献
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为降低HCNG发动机NOx排放,采用负阀重叠EGR策略,利用AVL-Fire软件对HCNG发动机不同进气门开启角(θIVO)下的进气过程和燃烧过程进行了三维仿真计算,对比分析了采用负阀重叠前后发动机缸内EGR分布和燃烧过程。仿真结果表明:负阀重叠EGR策略下,排气门关闭角(θEVC)固定为340°曲轴转角不变,当θIVO为380°曲轴转角时,既可避免发生回火又能保证一定的进气量及充气效率;采用负阀重叠后,在压缩冲程后期,缸内EGR率呈梯度分布(靠近火花塞位置EGR率较低),更有利于着火及火焰传播;采用负阀重叠可降低缸内最高燃烧压力及最高温度,但会减少进入气缸的新鲜工质,降低发动机功率;通过负阀重叠实现内部EGR可降低NOx排放,但会导致着火困难,燃烧速度变慢;提高点火能量可缩短着火落后期和燃烧持续期,加快燃烧速度。 相似文献
12.
利用火花能量转换原理和能量叠加原理.提出了一种稀燃快燃点火系.简要介绍和分析了它的组成及工作原理.并对其匹配传统点燃式发动机的适应性进行了试验研究. 相似文献
13.
国产摩托车的点火方式经历了从最初的机械式有触点点火到电子式无触点点火,从模拟点火到计算机数字点火的漫长发展历程。传统的有触点点火,由于点火能量受限制、触点故障多、寿命短、火花塞易积碳等缺点,已不适应现代高转速、高压缩比摩托车的发展,无触点电子点火从根本上克服了传统有触点点火方式的缺陷,是今后的发展方向,我国国产摩托车中95%以上的车型均使用电容放电式CDI电子点火器。 相似文献
14.
喷嘴孔数及其布置对汽油直喷喷嘴闪沸喷雾-环境气体相互作用影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了区分火花塞点火式缸内直喷(SIDI)发动机喷雾和环境气体两相流场,将优化后的高速双色PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)技术应用于多孔直喷喷油器的喷雾和环境气体速度的测试.此双色PIV系统由一个特殊的示踪和滤波系统组成,可同时对燃油喷雾及其环境气体的速度场进行测量.本研究采用该双色PIV方法研究不同环境压力和燃油温度的条件下,喷嘴孔数及其布置情况对燃油喷雾和环境气体的相互作用的影响.在此研究中,对3个汽油直喷喷嘴做了详细的研究,包括1个6孔喷嘴,1个3孔喷嘴及1个2孔喷嘴.研究结果表明,随着燃油温度的提高或者环境气体压力的降低,喷雾雾化增强,燃油颗粒粒径减小,导致喷雾油束变宽,喷雾与环境气体接触面积变大,喷雾和环境气体的两相流场的作用变强.不同孔数和布置的喷油器在冷态及闪沸条件下油束间干扰作用的强度不同,导致喷雾传递给环境气体的动能不同.较强的油束间的干扰作用加强了燃油喷雾与环境气体之间的动量交换过程,进而增强了环境气体的动能. 相似文献
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16.
为适应稀混合气燃烧,应加大点火能量、延长火花放电时间,所以点火系统采用电感放电模式较好。配合摩托车发动机技术的提升,应在改进火花塞上下功夫。 相似文献
17.
We investigated the effects of the fuel injection timing — both for early and late injection — in conjunction with the throttle
opening ratio on the fuel-air mixing characteristics, engine power, combustion stability and emission characteristics of a
DI CNG spark engine and control system that had been modified and designed according to the author’s original idea. We verified
that the combustion characteristics were affected by the fuel injection timing and that the engine conditions were affected
by the throttle opening ratios and the rpm. The combustion characteristics were greatly improved for a complete open throttle
ratio with an early injection timing and for a partial throttle ratio with a late injection timing. The combustion duration
was governed by the duration of flame propagation in late injection timing scenarios and by the duration of early flame development
in cases of early injection timing. As the result, the combustion duration is shortened, the lean limit is improved, the air-fuel
mixing conditions are controlled, and the emissions are reduced through control of the fuel injection timing and vary according
to ratio of the throttle opening. 相似文献
18.
改善火花助然甲醇发动机小负荷经济性的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
小负荷时经济性差,是火花助燃甲醇发动机存在的主要问题。以1130立式水冷直喷柴油单缸机为对象,研究了点火系统、压缩比、喷油嘴油线分布和喷油嘴针阀开启压力等因素对火花助燃甲醇发动机小负荷时经济性的影响,并将之与柴油发动机进行了对比分析。 相似文献
19.
《JSAE Review》2002,23(4):507-511
A new 1.3 l engine developed for the 2002 model Honda “Fit” achieves high fuel economy (23 km/l in the Japanese 10.15 mode) and more than 50% emissions reduction from the 2000 standards in Japan. This engine has dual spark plugs that are located in a diagonal position in order to conduct the flame closely, and which control the ignition sequentially to burn rapidly. In addition, new technology of shot peening with MoS2 reduced mechanical friction and a six-hole injector and oblique structuring converter reduced its emissions. 相似文献