美国“欧斯特柏格”双向荷载试验

该法运用现代化检测技术在深基础底端加载测试基础极限周边剪力和极发端支承力，目前已广泛应用于美国深基础承载力荷载检测，为设计优化提供较可靠的数据。     

落脚河大桥荷载试验计算分析与研究

落脚河大桥为3跨连续刚构桥，设计荷载等级为公路-I级。文中通过计算分析确定该桥的荷载试验方案并进行了试验。试验证明：该桥结构刚度、承载能力均满足公路-I级设计荷载标准要求。     

水闸闸室稳定计算分析

随着水闸工程建设的日益增多,水闸工程设计质量要求也越来越高。水闸设计当中,闸室的稳定计算有一定的难度,文中结合工程实例进行分析,总结出计算的详细过程,以提高水闸闸室的稳定性,供同类工程参考。     

移动荷载在ABAQUS中的模拟研究

分别从子程序开发和基于"荷载移动平台"思想巧妙建模的方向研究移动荷载在ABAQUS中的模拟方法。移动荷载在工程计算中是经常用到的荷载项之一,到目前为止,大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS/CAE的荷载模块中缺失这一项使用功能,限制了结构在移动荷载作用下的有限元计算。     

管顶人孔井、测量塔的受力变形数值模拟及控制

某大型沉管工程的沉管艉端装有最高近42.2 m的人孔井和测量塔,其在浮运、安装过程中受到水流荷载、波浪荷载和风荷载的影响而存在受力变形。为了保证人孔井和测量塔的安全及测量塔的测量精度,对人孔井和测量塔的受力特性进行分析后,在人孔井和测量塔上添加抱箍结构,使其与测量塔呈刚性连接。     

不确定动荷载作用下的地基固结度估算

为了得到不确定动荷载作用下的地基固结度,通过工程实例,采用反分析法对不确定动荷载作用后地基的固结度进行了估算,并进行了现场验证。结果表明估算结果是可靠的,可供类似工程借鉴。     

碰撞事故时超大型浮体模块连接处荷载特性研究

精确评估模块连接处荷载特性对超大型浮体的水动力设计及结构安全性研究具有重要的工程意义。文章以5模块半潜式超大型浮体为研究对象,考虑碰撞荷载和风、浪、流环境荷载的联合作用并采用AQWA软件对超大型浮体模块连接点处的受力特性开展了数值计算。船舶碰撞荷载简化为矩形脉冲,采用定常风、定常流以及JONSWAP波谱,探讨了船舶碰撞角度、撞击位置、环境荷载等因素对模块连接点受力特性的影响。该文的研究成果可为事故荷载作用时超大型浮体连接器结构设计和强度计算提供一定依据。     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.     

Hydroelasticity based fatigue assessment of the connector for a ribbon bridge subjected to a moving load

In this paper, the prediction of the hydroelastic response of the floating bridge and the fatigue behavior of the connectors is presented. And based on the hydroelastic response analysis of the ribbon bridge, the dynamic alternating load of the connector can be obtained, in that the fatigue behavior analysis of the connector simulated by the solid elements can be conducted by employing the local stress–strain approach. It is revealed that the sequence of the dynamic loads acting on the connectors, the value of various fatigue parameters and the ultimate tensile strength should be sufficiently considered, especially the passing speed of a moving load, so that it can significantly reduce the fatigue damage of the connectors.     

A theoretical calculation method of irregular bridge span pontoon connected by elastic hinges

In this paper, a theoretical calculation method that can be generally applied to responses analysis of irregular bridge span pontoon connected by elastic hinges was proposed based on the elastic foundation beam theory. This method can solve the displacements, rotation angles, bending moments and shear forces of pontoon bridge under vertical static loads. By comparing with the experimental and numerical results in other researches, the correctness and universality of theoretical method are verified. The main response characteristics of the pontoon bridge under vertical static loads are further investigated based on a detailed case study, which contrasts the results of three methods including the theoretical method in this paper, AQWA software and FEM. The results reveal that the rotation stiffness of elastic hinges has a great influence on the responses of the pontoon bridge. The elastic deformation of the pontoon units can be ignored when the rotation stiffness of hinges is small, while it needs to be considered seriously when the rotation stiffness of hinges reaches a certain value. Besides, the flexural rigidity of pontoon bridge also has a sensitive influence on the numerical results. The theoretical method can provide for the optimal design of the pontoon bridge and has significant engineering application prospects.     

铝合金舟桥结构设计与甲板力学性能研究

针对铝合金舟桥在设计、受力分析、制造工艺诸方面的技术难题,开展了“铝合金用于舟桥承重结构的设计研究”预先研究工作。通过分析和试验研究,选出5种符合舟桥结构特点和加工要求的国产铝合金材料,确定了它们的机械性能和本构模型,制定了铝合金舟桥实用的焊接制造工艺;根据铝合金材料和舟体受力特点,提出了铝合金舟体结构的设计原则和雏形;通过结构拓扑优化和尺寸优化,确定了铝合金甲板的设计方案;通过理论分析和试验研究,建立了舟体结构强度的有限元数值分析模型,分析了铝合金甲板极限承载力和破坏机理,并建立了合理的失稳模态计算模型。     

适于大型工程结构的移动变载荷等效冲击加载方案研究

为探讨移动载荷作用下的大型工程结构采用标准有限元程序进行动态响应分析的可行性,提出了移动变载荷的冲击等效加载方案,将时变连续移动载荷等效为一系列作用位置及有效作用时间均不同的冲击载荷,加载在有限元模型上进行结构的动态响应分析.以分析移动载荷作用下梁的动态响应为例,验证了该冲击等效加载方案的可行性,分析了积分步长及载荷离散时间步长对计算结果的影响,指出在一个载荷离散时间步长内,采用8个左右的积分步长,可保证计算精度.该等效方案可以拓展到移动载荷作用下的大型结构动态响应有限元分析.     

Inhomogeneous wave load effects on a long,straight and side-anchored floating pontoon bridge

In this paper, we present a numerical study on the hydroelastic response of a 4.6 km long fjord crossing floating bridge subjected to wave loads. The bridge is straight in design and supported by 35 pontoons along its full length. To limit the response to horizontal loads, four clusters of deep water mooring lines are engaged to increase the transverse stiffness of the bridge. Owing to the very large span across the fjord, inhomogeneity in the wave field exists. This study examines the various effects of inhomogeneous wave loads on the dynamic responses of the floating bridge. These include the spatial variations of the wave direction, significant wave height and peak period as well as the coherence and correlation of waves along the entire length of the floating bridge. For the purpose of comparison, the dynamic bridge responses under homogeneous wave load cases are also studied. In addition, the effects of wave load components and short-crestedness are presented and discussed.     

导弹分段刚体模型和弹性体模型的动响应区别

针对目前一种新提出来的潜射导弹分段刚体模型的试验方案,通过求解在同一载荷作用下分段刚体模型与实际弹性体模型的动响应,来定量分析该模型试验所测得极大载荷值和实际情况下极大载荷的偏差.     

车辆荷载作用下连续梁桥动力响应仿真分析

为研究桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下的动力特性和承载能力,以某连续梁桥为计算实例,采用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了质量-弹簧的车辆模型和桥梁结构的有限元模型,用时程分析法分析了车辆荷载作用下连续梁桥的动力响应特征,着重探讨了车辆刚度、车辆质量、行车速度等车辆荷载因素对连续梁桥动力响应的影响规律,并提出相应结论。     

快速重载作用下长浮桥运动响应的模型试验研究

在快速重载作用下,柔性长浮桥可能会出现位移波堆积效应.为验证预测的正确性,对两种长浮桥模型(连续浮桥和分置式浮桥)进行了试验,在不同荷载重量下和不同速度作用下的位移响应利用六自由度运动测定仪进行了测量.试验结果表明:荷载重量越大、荷载速度越快,位移波的堆积效应越明显;荷载的速度对兴波的形状和波幅都有着直接的影响.位移波的堆积影响了荷载的运行速度,在快速重载的浮桥工程中,必须考虑位移波的堆积对运动荷载的影响.     

印尼某趸船码头系泊方案研究

一般性散货码头通常采用散货船直接靠泊码头的作业方式。而对于趸船型散货码头,在散货船和码头之间还存在趸船作为过渡。这种情况下船舶荷载的计算以及缆绳力的响应特征需要综合考虑双船之间的相互作用机制,目前规范中对于趸船泊位靠泊计算尚缺少详细的条文说明,本文以印尼某趸船散货码头为例,借助OPTIMOOR软件,通过反应振幅算子方法分析趸船码头系泊布置方案,供类似工程参考。