基于ADECO-RS工法城市浅埋隧道施工相关技术研究

以北京地铁五号线区间隧道为依托,以数值分析方法作为分析手段.研究了ADECO-RS工法在城市浅埋隧道设计与施工中应用的可行性.研究表明,当地面沉降控制标准不是十分严格时ADECO-RS工法可以应用于城市浅埋地下工程;但是对于地面沉降控制标准非常严格的情形,隧道施工方法必须综合考虑核心围岩加固和隧道周围围岩加固.核心围岩、仰拱围岩的注浆加固作用机理以及相关技术问题的研究,为基于地层位移控制的浅埋隧道设计与施工提供了理论基础.     

双洞小净距隧道施工控制要点

在现行的隧道设计施工规范中,还没有明确规定小净距隧道的设计、施工规程.文章结合工程实例介绍了小净距隧道的开挖顺序和围岩支护加固方式,以及中央岩柱加固、监控量测等关键工序,对小净距隧道施工质量的控制作了初步探讨.     

超前预加固大断面隧道施工参数系列化研究

论文以武广客运专线浏阳河隧道为工程背景,根据铁路隧道围岩分级和断面尺寸为主要影响因素,提出新的掌子面稳定性分级方法及分级数;对影响大断面隧道掌子面稳定性的影响因素进行序列化及参数敏感性研究,得到超前预加固大断面隧道围岩稳定性影响因素序列及掌子面超前加固参数敏感性;然后在掌子面稳定性分级及超前预加固大断面隧道影响因素序列基础上,提出超前预加固大断面隧道施工参数系列,为浅埋大断面隧道施工提供指导.     

古迹坪隧道进口浅埋黄土层进洞施工技术

浅埋黄土隧道洞口是隧道施工的一个关键点,关系着隧道进洞的安全.文章以设计时速为200km/h的古迹坪双线铁路隧道洞口V级围岩段的施工为例,介绍了采用大管棚超前预加固、三台阶七步法的浅埋黄土隧道的进洞施工方法.工程实践证明,此施工方法快速有效,保证了施工安全.     

南京地铁南京站～东井亭区间渡线段隧道施工技术

南京地铁一号线南京站～东井亭区间渡线段隧道为大跨变断面隧道,围岩破碎,自稳性差.因此,隧道施工前采用了高压旋喷桩加固地层,并采用了超前管棚支护以及双侧壁导洞、超短台阶、CRD等施工方法.文章着重介绍了本隧道的施工技术及施工中的关键环节.     

基于应力释放的某隧道围岩变形破坏与加固措施的数值模拟分析

文章针对隧道围岩施工过程中遇到地质弱带等不利地质结构导致的变形破坏问题,采用有限元数值模拟手段,结合围岩开挖应力释放率分析方法,对某隧道拱顶围岩的变形破坏、支护加固措施的有效性开展了数值分析。结果表明：围岩变形线性增加拐点对应的应力释放率可作为支护措施施加的最优时机,此时的变形量值可近似作为围岩稳定的控制值;对围岩拱顶区域的地质弱带进行加固可有效减小围岩的变形量值,增加复合衬砌的强度安全裕度,保障隧道施工安全。     

大跨度小净距公路隧道设计与施工方法研究

为了更好地确定小净距隧道的设计参数及相应的施工方法,文章以兴延高速公路白羊沟隧道北口小净距段施工为研究背景,利用有限元软件模拟分析了采用台阶法、CD法及CRD法开挖Ⅳ级围岩小净距段的施工过程,获得了不同施工方法下围岩和支护结构的变形及力学特性。实际监测结果表明,该隧道Ⅳ级围岩小净距段施工采用台阶法是合理的,中夹岩柱加固措施采用预应力长锚杆及超前小导管注浆组合加固对小净距段安全、顺利施工行之有效。     

隧道围岩加固技术

以厦蓉高速公路上寨隧道位于滑坡体上且存在偏压段围岩加固施工为例,介绍了复杂地质隧道施工出现险情时采取的对策及措施。     

富水流砂地层中下穿立交桥及燃气管线隧道围岩变形控制技术

深圳地铁四号线里程K9+125～K9+255段为富水流砂地层,该段隧道穿越立交桥群,与摩擦桩最小近接距离为5.46 m,且多条管线穿越隧道上方,隧道围岩变形控制要求极高,施工风险大.结合该隧道施工研究.总结了袖阀管联合钢管注浆加固桥桩技术、地面旋喷分仓止水帷幕结合洞内管棚和小导管注浆控制围岩变形技术、掌子面封堵技术、CRD法隧道开挖技术和排水技术等施工技术体系.其研究结果对国内同类施工条件下的工程施工具有一定的借鉴意义.     

大断面浅埋黄土隧道双侧壁开挖技术应用

在大断面隧道施工中,黄土围岩隧道施工通常易发生塌方、围岩收敛、沉降大、渗水系数大、遇水易滑塌、失稳等地质灾害,特别是大断面浅埋黄土围岩隧道的收敛变形和沉降时常发生,施工难度较大。结合青海省西宁市G109小峡口（王家庄至昆仑路段）改建工程大南山隧道施工经验,针对大断面黄土隧道双侧壁导坑法施工准备、初期支护与二衬等各工序循环衔接、加固拱脚、监测围岩变形等重要技术措施展开分析,对同类工程施工质量、安全等控制有重要的参考意义。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Applicability of disaggregate models of behaviour: A question of methodology

The paper considers the possibility of quantitative analysis of behaviour, with particular reference to travel behaviour, from a methodological standpoint. The chief conclusion is that the nature of the subject implies that disaggregate statistical analysis is the most useful technique. The relationship of this methodology to theoretical issues is discussed, concluding that general theoretical issues are not susceptible to empirical resolution. The theoretical framework essential to analysis or forecasting of behaviour must therefore be established a priori The paper concludes with a discussion of the practical problems and achievements of disaggregate analysis.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。