A Simplified Model for Vibration Analysis of Diesel Engine Crankshaft System

IntroductionThe design of modern diesel engine is requiredto make noise and vibration as light as possible.Inorder to successfully control the noise and vibra-tion,the vibrations of engine crankshaft must beestimated and analyzed.Dynamic simulation is avery powerful tool for ranking different design al-ternatives,so it is necessary to develop an analyti-cal model for the accurate prediction of dynamicbehavior of engine crankshaft.In earlier research,the equivalent model and the continuous beam…     

建立Timoshenko深梁单元的新方法

基于Timoshenko两广义位移梁理论，建立考虑剪切效应的Timoshenko深梁单元横向线位移、转角和剪应变的各自插值函数，利用有限元方法导出单元线弹性刚度、一致质量矩阵和几何刚度矩阵。算例结果表明此公式用于静力、动力和稳定性分析是可靠的，并且不出现剪切闭锁现象。     

Coupled Element Modeling Scheme for the Global Dynamic Analysis of Unbonded Flexible Risers

A coupled element modeling method is proposed for global dynamic analyses of unbonded flexible risers.Owing to the multi-layer structure of unbonded flexible risers, the global-dynamic-analysis method applied to the steel rigid risers is insufficient for flexible risers. The main challenges lie in the enormous difference between the anti-tension and anti-binding capacity of unbonded flexible risers which results in serious ill-conditional calculation in global dynamic analysis. In order to solve this problem, the coupled element modeling approach was proposed in this study. A time domain fatigue analysis was applied to illustrate the necessity of the proposed approach.A dynamic benchmark case is used to demonstrate the accuracy of the coupled element method respectively.Subsequently the validated coupling element method is employed to conduct the global dynamic analyses for a free hanging flexible riser. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can give the accurate global dynamic response under the guidance of the fatigue failure mode for unbonded flexible riser. The parametric influence analyses also provide a practical and effective way for predicting the global dynamic response.     

京津城际高速铁路弓网动态系统有限元仿真

基于非线性有限元理论,建立了京津城际高速铁路弓网动态系统的有限元模型,采用欧拉-伯努利直梁模拟接触网各部件,采用铰链和非线性弹簧相互耦合模拟受电弓,借助MARC软件,对京津城际高速铁路弓网受流情况进行了动态仿真,并利用MARC的后处理功能显示弓网运动过程中的三维动态情况.计算得到了京津城际弓网动态系统的平均接触压力为160.68 N,接触点动态抬升量变化范围为28.5～87.0 mm.与西门子公司提供的仿真结果及京津城际现场的测试结果比较表明:有限元模型是正确和有效的,京津城际弓网动态系统具有良好的动态受流质量.     

解析型Timoshenko梁有限单元

为提高深梁结构内力及变形的计算精度和效率,以Timoshenko梁理论为基础,建立了深梁位移控制方程,进而构造了深梁挠度、截面弯曲转角和剪切角的解析位移形函数. 采用势能原理建立了深梁的势能泛函,利用势能变分原理得到了解析型单元列式,进而给出了解析型单元总刚度矩阵,将其与理论解、插值多项式深梁单元进行对比分析. 结果表明:构造的解析型单元只需划分为一个单元即可保证计算的深梁挠度和转角与理论解一致,采用插值多项式单元确定的挠度和转角与理论解的相对误差最大可达到19.785%. 同时,为验证剪切变形对深梁位移影响,将构造的单元与Euler梁单元的计算结果进行对比. 对比表明:对于承受均布荷载作用的悬臂梁,基于Euler梁计算的位移与基于Timoshenko梁理论构造的解析型单元计算的位移偏差可达到50%;对于承受端部集中弯矩作用的简支梁,基于Euler梁计算的位移与基于Timoshenko梁理论构造的解析型单元计算的位移偏差可达到10.769%. 本文构造的单元满足了高精度、高效率的要求;该解析型梁单元可适用于浅梁分析,且不存在剪切闭锁的问题.      

Modeling Study of Planar Flexible Manipulator Undergoing Large Deformation

The planar flexible manipulator undergoing large deformation is investigated by using finite element method (FEM). Three kinds of reference frames are employed to describe the deformation of arbitrary point in the flexible manipulator, which are global frame, body-fixed frame and co-rotational frame. The rigid-flexible coupling dynamic equation of the planar flexible manipulator is derived using the Hamilton’s principle. Numerical simulations are carried out in the end of this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model is efficient not only for small deformation but also for large deformation.     

Rigid-liquid-flexible dynamic formulation for a two-dimensional tank undergoing translational and rotational motion

Considering rigid-liquid-flexible coupling effect, dynamic formulation for a two-dimensional rectangular tank with liquid sloshing connected to a flexible beam is proposed. Differing from the traditional formulation which considered either the rotational motion or the translational motion of the tank, this formulation can be applied for rigid-liquid-flexible coupling dynamic analysis of tank undergoing translational and rotational motion based on the theorem of momentum and the theorem of moment of momentum. Furthermore, stiffening terms are included in the dynamics equations of the flexible beam. Firstly, the dynamic equations of the rigid-liquid coupling system and the flexible beam are derived, respectively, and then by introducing the Lagrange-multipliers, the rigid-liquid-flexible coupling equations can be combined with acceleration constraint equations. Finally, the mix differential-algebraic equations are solved to investigate the rigid-liquid-flexible coupling dynamic performance of the system.     

Substructuring technique for dynamics analysis of flexible beams with large deformation

In this paper, the substructuring technique is extended for the dynamics simulation of flexible beams with large deformation. The dynamics equation of a spatial straight beam undergoing large displacement and small deformation is deduced by using the Jourdain variation principle and the model synthesis method. The longitudinal shortening effect due to the transversal deformation is taken into consideration in the dynamics equation. In this way, the geometric stiffening effect, which is also called stress stiffening effect, is accounted for in the dynamics equation. The transfer equation of the flexible beam is obtained by assembling the dynamics equation and the kinematic relationship between the two connection points of the flexible beam. Treating a flexible beam with small deformation as a substructure, one can solve the dynamics of a flexible beam with large deformation by using the substructuring technique and the transfer matrix method. The dynamics simulation of a flexible beam with large deformation is carried out by using the proposed approach and the results are verified by comparing with those obtained from Abaqus software.     

机车—桁架桥梁耦合振动研究

建立了轮对和钢轨之间弹性联接３３个自由度的机车车辆动力学模型，采用有限元法分析计算了列车荷载作用下某铁路双线钢桁桥的动力响应。采用空间梁单元建立了桁架桥的振动方程。根据随机振动理论计算了当列车过桥时，车－桥耦合振动系统的空间动力响应，并与实测结果进行了比较，比较表明，采用弹性联接横型比密贴模型的计算结果更接近于实测值。     

桥梁柔性对中低速磁浮车辆平曲线通过的影响

为研究桥梁柔性对中低速磁浮车辆在曲线半径为70.0 m的平曲线上运行时的动态响应影响,对通过柔性桥梁和刚性轨道时的车辆动态响应开展了对比分析. 首先,建立了122个自由度的车辆空间动力学模型,模型中考虑了具有主动悬浮与被动导向特性的二维磁轨关系;其次,利用三维铁木辛柯梁参数化建模方法,建立了由柔性桥梁组成的平曲线有限元模型;最后,通过悬浮力的联系形成了车辆-曲线桥梁系统刚柔耦合动力学模型. 研究结果表明:17.0 m跨径的圆曲线桥梁的自振特性和动位移响应满足相关标准要求;与车辆通过刚性轨道相比,柔性桥梁作用下的车辆系统动态响应更为剧烈,这种差异在车辆系统的横向动态响应上体现明显,而悬浮间隙和车体垂向加速度的响应差异较小,考虑刚性轨道时将高估车辆的曲线通过能力;柔性桥梁和刚性轨道两种模型计算得到的电磁铁最大横向位移不超过6.0 mm,悬浮间隙可在额定值的 ± 4.0 mm内波动,表明在开展对比计算的工况下车辆具有良好的曲线通过性能.      

独塔双索面曲线斜拉桥方案设计

介绍了一座独塔双索面曲线斜拉桥方案设计的内容,包括结构体系选择、主梁类型选择、索塔横向受力研究及斜拉索索形选择等。为确保结构安全,建立有限元模型进行了详细的静、动力分析,结果表明斜拉桥各部分构造合理可行。     

32m铁路加强型便梁动力性能的有限元分析

建立了32m铁路加强型便梁有限元模型,分析了模型的自振频率和模态;提出了列车动荷载的施加方式;借助ANSYS软件瞬态动力学分析模块,计算得到了便梁模型在列车动荷载作用下的动力响应。结果表明:设计中应着重提高便梁横向刚度,竖向最大位移响应满足规范要求。     

梁—墩—桩基的动力特性研究

对大跨度桥的连续刚构部分,应用有限元法建立了三维梁-墩-桩的力学模型,采用大型工程软件对其进行动力特性分析。首先对桩基模型进行合理简化,建立了桩基空间计算模型并计算其动力特性。其次建立刚构桥的动力分析模型,并对无桩、有桩基不考虑土对桩振动的影响和考虑桩土相互作用的计算模型的计算结果加以分析比较。结果表明,桥梁体系的第三阶频率主要受高墩的影响,桥梁桩基对该体系振动特性的影响不明显。     

桃花峪黄河大桥钢箱梁顶推施工钢导梁设计

介绍了武西高速公路桃花峪黄河大桥顶推施工钢导梁的设计。经比选采用工字型变截面实腹式钢板梁及钢管桁架联接系连接的结构形式。通过建立 Midas 模型进行钢导梁截面设计,导梁分段间采用栓焊结合方式连接,为便于钢导梁前端上墩,将导梁前端设置成象鼻形。     

高架轨道结构振动特性分析

目前高架轨道是城市轨道交通的主要结构型式之一,为分析其结构振动特性,通过建立高架轨道垂向振动解析梁模型和有限元模型,采用动柔度法计算高架桥速度导纳和轨道速度导纳,并分别考虑桥梁支座刚度、桥梁截面形状对高架桥振动的影响以及高架桥基础和扣件刚度对轨道结构振动的影响。结果表明,桥梁支座刚度和截面形状在低频段对高架桥的振动有较大的影响,在高频段影响较小;高架桥结构对轨道的振动在20 Hz以下有明显的影响,在20 Hz以上基本没有影响;提高扣件刚度有利于减小轨道的竖向振动,但同时增大了轨道的固有频率。     

钢-混凝土组合箱梁桥异型岔口正弯矩区受力性能分析

为了研究异型梁的受力和承载性能,通过有限元程序ANSYS建立板壳单元三维空间模型,对北京南站高架桥某联正弯矩区组合箱梁异型岔口进行分析,重点分析岔口处钢箱-混凝土结合梁受力性能,即钢箱梁在各种荷载工况下的应力和变形特征,弯扭耦合作用下异形岔口的受力,活载偏载作用下支座反力。最后对钢梁腹板厚度、弯扭刚度比及横隔板进行了参数分析,明确了其对异形梁受力性能的影响。     

接触导线弯曲时接触网模态分析与频率相关的有限单元法

本文在考虑接触导线弯曲刚度的前提下，发展了德国联邦铁路公司（ＤＢ）所采用的接触网模态分析方法，并对接触导线的柔索体模型与欧拉梁模型的计算结果进行了比较。在此基础上，作者开发了高速弓网系统动力学仿真软件Ｓｉｍｕｌａ２．０。     

机车车辆车体结构动应力计算方法

为了提高机车车辆的疲劳寿命,优化其结构设计,提出了基于多系统仿真模型和有限元方法的动应力混合计算方法,计算了机车车辆车体结构的动应力。建立以车体为核心的机车多体系统仿真模型,并进行动力学分析,获得关键位置的载荷时间历程。通过有限元准静态应力法,计算了车体结构的准静态应力影响因子。通过载荷时间历程和对应单位载荷作用下的应力影响因子的相互相乘叠加求和计算,获得车体结构在随机动载作用下的应力历程,对实际线路车体结构动应力测试结果和刚性车体与柔性车体的仿真结果进行了对比。对比结果表明:其误差分别是2.462%和7.258%,说明此计算方法计算精度高。     

基于欧拉梁假定的柔性多体动力学车桥耦合振动分析模型

基于柔性多体动力学理论建立了能够考虑车体柔性的车辆模型，在模型中，将车体简化为一根长度为车体长度的欧拉梁，利用自由边界欧拉梁的弹性振型代替车辆的弹性振型，此时车体的运动等于车体的刚性运动叠加自由边界欧拉梁弹性振型的广义运动．研究表明：考虑车体柔性时，车体的动力响应增大，且在轨道不平顺及桥梁激励下，车体加速度在某些车速点会产生共振；车体刚度并非越大越好，在一定的速度等级下，车体刚度较大时的车辆动力响应反而更为剧烈；车体柔性对桥梁动力响应、轮轨横向力、脱轨系数和轮对减栽率影响很小．     

钢筋混凝土梁斜截面破坏仿真模拟

针对钢筋混凝土梁斜截面破坏的仿真研究较少,通过对材料组合模型、材料本构关系和破坏准则以及模拟单元方面进行比选,选择较有利于真实描述钢筋混凝土结构的模型,利用悬臂梁的破坏过程来分析研究斜截面破坏,并对试验结果在破坏形态、极限荷载和竖向位移等方面进行比较,得出在模型选择准确的情况下,有限元分析能够较好地揭示梁斜截面破坏的过程和状态的结论,为研究钢筋混凝土结构的仿真分析提供了较好的借鉴。