基于粒子群优化卡尔曼滤波的水下机器人信号处理

在卡尔曼滤波的基础上,引入粒子群优化算法,对卡尔曼滤波方法进行改进,提出基于粒子群优化的卡尔曼滤波器模型,从而提高水下机器人测量数据的精度,降低系统噪声和量测噪声所带来的误差。水池仿真试验结果表明改进的滤波方法有效、实用。     

基于水声传感器网络的目标纯方位运动分析

研究了基于水声传感器网络的目标纯方位运动分析原理及方法,建立了基于水声传感器网络的目标运动分析模型。在此基础上,讨论了模型中多维非线性估计问题,提出了一种基于传感器网络新的水下目标运动分析方法。该方法采用改进的粒子滤波EKF-PF(扩展卡尔曼-粒子滤波)算法实现,并与传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和粒子滤波(PF)算法进行了比较。通过Monte Carlo仿真分析,表明基于水声传感器网络的目标运动分析方法充分利用了网络的优势和当前测量信息。这种方法对水下目标运动状态估计时,不仅降低了计算量而且表现出较高的估计精度。所得结论为水下传感器网络进行目标被动定位提供了参考。     

重力式码头沉箱接缝检测方法研究与改进

针对重力式码头沉箱安装接缝难以检测的问题,分别采用水下机器人、多波束扫测、三维声呐扫描技术进行检测。检测数据表明:水下机器人对沉箱接缝的检测效果直观、准确度较高;多波束测深系统对沉箱接缝具有一定的识别能力,但对于缝宽较小及距离较远的接缝分辨率较差;三维声呐探测扫测精度高,但扫测范围小且效率低。从测试原理上分析各种方法测试优缺点产生的原因并根据检测需求自主设计了三维声呐测量支架,实现对沉箱接缝任意深度量测,并结合工程实例取得良好的测试效果,为沉箱接缝检测方法的选取提供借鉴。     

基于多普勒和光纤陀螺水下机器人导航系统研究

对基于DVL和FOG的导航方法进行研究,设计了导航方法的无缆水下机器人导航系统,分析导航系统的主要误差源,采用扩展Kalman滤波算法辨识传感器的安装偏差,通过湖试数据验证了该算法的稳定性和正确性。     

基于自适应滤波器的AUV组合导航系统研究

为满足自主式水下航行器(AUV)应对水下复杂环境和水下高精度导航的需求,提出了捷联式惯性导航系统(SINS)、多普勒计程仪(DVL)、磁罗经导航系统(MCP)和地形辅助导航系统(TAN)的水下组合导航系统方案,设计了一种基于BP神经网络的自适应滤波算法,建立了卡尔曼滤波器的线性滤波方程和导航传感器的量测方程,根据数学模型进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明,导航传感器和基于神经网络的自适应滤波技术的应用大大提高了AUV的导航精度和自适应能力。     

基于多传感器采集信息的水下机器人导航系统

设计基于多传感器采集信息的水下机器人导航系统,确保水下机器人能够高效完成水下任务,并改善其导航效果。构建水下机器人导航系统结构,传感器采集模块通过安装于水下机器人上的惯性测量单元、水温水压传感器、GPS传感器、视觉传感器获取其姿态、深度、位置、运动环境信息,数据处理模块调用联合卡尔曼滤波算法实现各种信息的融合后,经通信串口传输至运动控制模块,由主控制器实现水下机器人的运动控制。经以太网通信模块将融合后的数据传输到上位机中,导航模块通过避障算法和路径规划算法实现水下机器人的导航,并呈现导航结果。实验结果表明：该系统可实现多传感器采集信息的融合,融合后速度、位置误差获得有效降低;导航轨迹曲线与实际轨迹基本一致;可实现障碍物避障,并规划出运动轨迹。     

基于单片机的水下机器人传感器故障检测仪设计

针对OUTLAND1000无人水下机器人,采用自适应滤波器FIR对水下机器人进行在线自适应建模,利用LMS算法调节和分析滤波器的权系数实时监测水下机器人传感器的故障.以单片机C8051F120为核心设计故障检测器,数据采集和控制信号通过设计的键盘发送给机器人,传感器数据通过RS-232传送到控制器进行数据分析,并在液晶上显示出相应的故障检测结果.     

一种基于衰减记忆滤波的平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波PHD-SLAM方法

针对海洋背景噪声和水声传感器测量噪声大、信噪比低所导致的水下SLAM方法数据关联复杂、精度低的问题,提出一种基于衰减记忆滤波的平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波PHD-SLAM方法,该方法基于PHD滤波避免了复杂的数据关联,且在非线性函数高斯权重更新过程中引入平方根无迹变换,并进一步结合衰减记忆滤波,解决了由于模型误差和计算误差造成的协方差矩阵非正定和不对称性所导致的滤波发散问题,提高水下SLAM方法的精度.仿真实验将所提方法与RB-PHD-SLAM和UKF-PHD-SLAM方法进行对比分析,结果表明所提方法在对自身定位及地图特征估计精度上均有了明显的提高.     

基于自适应KF算法的模态切换水下机器人导航系统

针对新型水下检测以及作业机器人在导航精度、体积方面的要求,设计了一套基于微机电器件的组合导航系统.系统为抑制陀螺漂移而采用了互补滤波方法,以四元数为估计对象设计卡尔曼滤波器.文中采用改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波器,增大新近数据的作用,减小陈旧数据的作用,避免滤波发散,提高导航精度.通过水池实验表明互补滤波和自适应卡尔曼滤波结合能够获得比较精确、稳定的水下机器人导航信息.同时,基于实测数据进行的算法仿真表明改进后的渐消记忆指数加权自适应卡尔曼滤波可以在一定程度上改善导航效果.     

基于模糊神经网络的水下机器人推进系统故障诊断

为了解决水下机器人推进系统运行可靠性问题，提出一种基于模糊神经网络的机器人推进系统故障诊断方法，用以解决故障诊断过程中信息的不确定性问题，并提高推进系统的整体可靠性。该方法在常规神经网络基础上，引入模糊推理形成一种新型模糊神经网络结构，提出一种最小调整的模糊神经网络学习率，完成模糊神经网络训练算法的推导。通过对水下机器人实施定速直航与转向等试验完成神经网络的在线训练，利用已完成训练的神经网络对机器人进行运动建模。通过比对神经网络模型估计值与机器人传感器的实测值获取残差信息，并对残差进行故障信息提取以实现故障诊断。将上述方法应用于仿真试验中，结果表明，基于模糊神经网络水下机器人推进系统故障诊断方法具有较高的可行性和有效性。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。