Who is safe and who is at risk: a study of 20-year-record on accident total loss in different flags

The study examines 20-years of data on 36 world principal fleets and on worldfleets in general, analyses their developments, and particularly their safety records in terms of accidental total loss rates. This study confirms that the open-registry ships tend toward substandard ships. However, some open-registry countries' safety records are quite acceptable. It finds that the safety record of developing maritime countries as a group is better than that of developed maritime countries, of which some are worse than the world average.     

《海商法》中船舶与货物实际全损和推定义的完善

分析<海商法>中保险标的的损失和委付条款对实际全损和推定全损定义规定,认为该条款缺乏可操作性.为规范<海商法>下船舶和货物全损的认定,通过比较世界主要航运国家的相关规定,并结合英国法律实践,提出完善船舶和货物实际全损和推定全损定义的建议.     

从个案中谈海上事故安全调查的定位和取向

《海上事故安全调查国际标准和推荐方法规则》已于2010年1月1日生效,该规则与目前我国的水上交通事故调查在理念和操作上有着诸多不同,其中最为根本的区别在于调查的性质和目的不同。文中通过分析一份英国海上事故调查委员会(Marine Accident Investigation Branch)公布的事故调查报告,来对比分析事故安全调查的定位和取向。     

Experimental study of a suspended subsea module at different positions in the splash zone

During the lifting of submerged marine modules, the highest dynamic loads occur in the splash zone. These forces are highly dynamic and cannot easily be estimated with sufficient accuracy using simple calculations or high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics because of their irregular and complex geometries. We conducted an experimental study in a wave tank to investigate the dynamics of a large subsea module in the splash zone subject to irregular waves. The experiments were conducted using a 1:8 scale model of a subsea module, similar to that designed by Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd., for the subsea pipeline from the Wenchang gas fields to the Yacheng pipeline. The model was examined at five different positions relative to the free surface, from completely above the surface to fully submerged. The resulting data are analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Spectral analysis and a dynamic effect parameter are used to analyze the dynamic loads on the subsea module. Several time-domain numerical analyses are performed with different peak periods, and the tension of the sub-slings is obtained. The experimental results for the relative forces and motions of the subsea module are presented, providing a reference for the design of other similar modules and their installation and validation data for computational modeling.     

水上交通安全形势分析与评估:既要看事故还要看险情

通过数据对比和分析表明,仅凭"水上交通事故状况"评价水上交通安全形势是不够全面和确切的,还要看存在的险情。     

海上人身伤亡损害赔偿主体问题研究

由于我国目前尚无完善的人身伤亡赔偿制度，在处理海上人身伤亡赔偿纠纷中缺乏统一严密的制度可资遵循，给海上人身伤亡赔偿纠纷的解决带来了很大难度。通过对《海商法》关于海上人身伤亡损害的相关规定的分析来确定责任主体在不同情况下所应承担赔偿责任的性质。同时，根据《民法通则》及相关法律、法规的规定，表明请求赔偿的权利人的范围和顺序，以及直接赔偿义务人与间接赔偿义务人的分别应承担的赔偿责任。以期待能够为类似纠纷的解决提供一点参考。     

不同浸深比半浸式螺旋桨动态力试验研究

为了探讨半浸式螺旋桨的动态性能,利用六分力天平测量不同浸深比下半浸式螺旋桨的非定常力,分析浸深比对半浸式螺旋桨动态力的影响,并探讨半浸式螺旋桨受力在水平面和垂直平面上的方向性.试验结果表明,在合适的浸深比下,可以减小半浸式螺旋桨各分力的波动,改善半浸式螺旋桨的操纵性能.     

Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

Visualization of a hole and accident preventive measures based on the Swiss cheese model developed by risk management and process approach

It is important to find the characteristics of holes theorized in the Swiss cheese model created by Reason when preventive measures are taken. Reason does not explain where the holes open and how the holes move and shut. The objectives of this research are to find the characteristics of a hole, visualize the development of the hole and propose accident preventive measures to shut the hole. I investigated four real cases of three types of marine accidents using risk management and process approach. The focus of the study was on the processes both of the Safety Management System and risk management imbedded in the procedures at the time of the accidents. I found the following results. A hole in a defensive layer opened during the process of plan or check imbedded in the Safety Management System and moved through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. The hole in the defensive layer moved or affected the development of the hole in another defensive layer at the local workplace. The hole in another defensive layer at the local workplace opened during the process of risk identification or risk analysis and moved through risk management process. Shutting the hole was drawn in a structured manner by the method of risk reduction. With a focus on process, the development of holes was visualized. These findings indicate that the characteristics of holes and their visualization can show the location where efforts toward preventive measures should be directed effectively and efficiently.     

北大学子与海事专家对话企业全球化,谁是大赢家

2002年3月23日,北京大学国际MBA班.中国国际海运集装箱(集团)股份有限公司高级顾问、中国船级社原社长董玖丰先生,作了题为<中国企业的并购与全球化发展>的演讲.他详细介绍了中集在行业中的龙头地位、中集的并购活动和兼并发展的体会,赢得了阵阵掌声.随后,北大学子们向董玖丰提出了一系列问题.本刊摘登部分内容,以飨读者.     

某轮船员房间失火事故分析

某轮在大西洋航行时发生了船员房间失火事故，此事故虽然损失不大，但性质却十分严重，一旦发现不及时，扑救措施不当，火势迅速蔓延，28名船员即将面临的是船毁人亡的灾难教训十分深刻，通过这起事故的分析，需要广大船员在日常工作和生活中更加注意消防应急演习训练；注意消防器材检查养护；遵守船舶防火规章制度；教育船员增强防火意识：加强船舶防火安全巡查：认真消除防火安全臆患     

一名船长在不同地区PSC检查的经验借鉴

编者按：作为一名有着30多年航海经历的远洋船长,作者曾驾驶船舶挂靠世界各地多个港口,在港口国检查方面积累了丰富经验,现将其与大家分享交流     

一起高速客船事故无人员伤亡背后的救助和监管机制

通过一起成功救助高速客船发生碰撞进水沉没却没有人员伤亡的事故案例,剖析在海上应急救助中各救助成员单位快速反应、协同作战和处置紧急情况能力的原因,认为完善的海上应急救援机制和严格的监管制度是海上航行安全的保障。     

试论水上交通事故责任认定的不可诉性

对水上交通事故责任认定不服,是否可以提起行政复议或者行政诉讼这一问题,在海事管理机构内部一直持有不同的观点。文章通过对法学的理解,分析了水上交通事故责任认定的特点、行政行为的法理分类和司法判例等诸多方面,提出不服水上交通事故责任认定不宜通过行政诉讼途径解决的观点。     

天津港船舶通航模式浅析--看"中原"轮搁浅事故

本文通过从通航环境的角度剖析“中原”轮搁浅事故原因，重点对天津港船舶通航模式进行了探讨，并提出四种通航模式供参考，希望对改善天津港船舶通航环境有所帮助。     

A study of fatigue crack propagation at a web stiffener on a longitudinal stiffener

Predicting fatigue crack growth after its detection during in-service inspection is necessary to prevent a loss of serviceability, such as the oil and/or water tightness of critical compartments. This paper focuses on the most typical fatigue cracks that start at the weld joint between a flat bar stiffener on a transverse web frame and the flange of a longitudinal stiffener on a bottom plate or inner bottom plate. An experiment is carried out to observe the fatigue crack propagation for two kinds of flat bars at the abovementioned connection. The experimental results, especially the surface crack growth on the flange (which dominates during the total fatigue life of the longitudinal stiffener), are compared with crack growth curves predicted using a few existing formulas. Based on the comparative study, a formula that shows the best agreement with the experiment results is selected. Weld toe magnification factors for the web stiffener are computed from the crack propagation rates measured in the experiment, and two equations for the magnification factors versus crack depth are developed for two types of web stiffeners. The selected existing formula and the proposed equations are applied to two connections at the inner bottom and side longitudinal bulkhead of an LNG carrier. The equivalent stress approach based on a long-term distribution is employed to avoid the complexity involved in dealing with the actual stress history. Using this prediction, the remaining service life until an oil or water leakage occurs at a tank boundary can be estimated when a fatigue crack at the connection is detected.     

船舶拖带情形下的操纵性试验研究

在露天操纵性水池中对某船自航模在未拖带及以不同拖缆长度拖带时进行回转、Z形和航向稳定性试验,研究拖带对船舶操纵性能和航向稳定性能的影响,试验结果表明,拖带下船舶的回转性能和航向稳定性能将会发生显著的变化。     

客船公共处所送风末端的数值模拟分析和比较

以某型客船的公共餐厅为研究对象,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对几种不同的送风末端方案进行数值模拟分析,包括圆形散流器、方形散流器和孔板天花板,从温度场分布、空气流动速度场分布、PMV及PDD指标和室内空气龄等指标角度对3种不同方案的模拟结果进行分析比较。结果表明:不同的送风末端型式对该公共处所内的空调送风效果有显著影响,其中,孔板天花板送风末端方案的室内空气质量和热舒适度水平高于其他方案。     

Three-dimensional numerical investigation of the separation process in a vortex tube at different operating conditions

Air separators provide safe, clean, and appropriate air flow to engines and are widely used in vehicles with large engines such as ships and submarines. In this operational study, the separation process inside a Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube cleaning (cooling) system is investigated to analyze the impact of the operating gas type on the vortex tube performance; the operating gases used are air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The computational fluid dynamic model used is equipped with a three-dimensional structure, and the steady-state condition is applied during computations. The standard k–ε turbulence model is employed to resolve nonlinear flow equations, and various key parameters, such as hot and cold exhaust thermal drops, and power separation rates, are described numerically. The results show that nitrogen dioxide creates the greatest separation power out of all gases tested, and the numerical results are validated by good agreement with available experimental data. In addition, a comparison is made between the use of two different boundary conditions, the pressure-far-field and the pressure-outlet, when analyzing complex turbulent flows inside the air separators. Results present a comprehensive and practical solution for use in future numerical studies.     

An integrated framework for carbon footprinting at container seaports: the case study of a Chinese port

The objective of this research is to establish an integrated framework for carbon footprinting (CF) at container seaports (CSs). Three methodological approaches are used in this research: the multiple case study to choose suitable evaluation methods, the case study for verification of the proposed framework, and the quantitative method to calculate the emissions. The proposed integrated framework consists of five modules: policy components, sources structure, input data, emissions estimation and mitigation strategies. The effectiveness of the integrated framework is demonstrated through the practical application in Qingdao Port in China. The case study results in the detailed estimation of CO₂ emissions and detects the problem of data collection and data accuracy for CF and the necessity of stakeholders’ cooperation. The integrated framework serves to evaluate, analyze and control CO₂ emissions from the CS operations.