Engine-CVT consolidated control using LQI control theory

For the drivetrain control, it has become important for fuel economy or AHS to control the throttle valve of the engine and the gear ratio of CVT simultaneously by DBW when the automobile is equipped with CVT. In this paper, LQI control theory was applied to control the drivertrain as a 2-I/O system to satisfy the demanded speed and better fuel economy. Moreover, modification of the weight parameter of LQI was investigated to obtain the desired performance for fuel economy or vehicle acceleration. Relatively good results were obtained.     

Model-Based Integrated Control of Engine and CVT to Minimize Fuel Use

In this study, a model-based integrated control method for engines and continuous variable transmissions (CVTs) is developed. CVT refers to a type of transmission which allows an engine to be operated independently with respect to the vehicle speed, with the engine torque and CVT gear ratio controlled in an integrated manner. In the proposed integrated control scheme, engine operating points which minimize the rate of instantaneous fuel consumption are calculated, and the engine target torque and target gear ratio are determined in an integrated manner based on the results of the calculations. Unlike the previous map-based control method, the method introduced in this study does not require an engine torque map or a CVT ratio map for tuning, and the engine torque and CVT ratio are controlled to minimize the amount of fuel used while satisfying the level of acceleration demand from the driver. The control scheme is based on the powertrain model, and the CVT response lag and transmission loss are also considered in the integrated control processes. The algorithm is simulated with various driving cycles, with the simulation results showing that the fuel economy performance of the vehicle system is improved with the newly suggested engine-CVT integrated control algorithm.     

Improvement of fuel consumption for a vehicle with an automatic transmission using driven power control with a powertrain model

A total control system using a powertrain model is investigated for an automotive automatic transmission. The system provides e efficient control for both the engine and transmission which leads to better fuel consumption and acceleration feeling by optimizing shift timing and throttle valve opening. The new driven power control method using a total control system is described. A test vehicle equipped with an electronically controlled throttle valve is developed and the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified.     

CVT ratio control with consideration of CVT system loss

A modified CVT ratio map is proposed to obtain the improved fuel economy for a metal belt CVT. Since the CVT system loss, which occupies most of the drivetrain loss, depends on the engine speed, input torque, primary and secondary actuator pressure, a modified CVT ratio map is produced to realize the highest engine-CVT overall efficiency through the consideration of CVT system loss. The modified CVT ratio map is constructed with respect to the demanded vehicle power and present vehicle speed based on the steady state CVT system loss. Using the modified CVT ratio map, performance simulations are carried out using the dynamic models of the CVT powertrain. The simulation results indicate that the modified CVT ratio control provides improved engine-CVT overall system efficiency, and improves the fuel economy of the federal urban driving schedule by 4.9 percent.     

用于混合动力控制的汽油机动态转矩建模仿真

针对混合动力系统能量管理及动力平稳传递控制策略开发的需要,以MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件为工具,建立了发动机平均值模型,模型能够根据发动机转速和节气门开度实时计算出发动机的稳态和动态转矩。在发动机动态试验台上验证了该模型,表明模型达到了需要的计算精度和实时性要求。对给定的转矩曲线进行动态跟随时发动机的节气门开度变化情况进行了仿真分析。模型可用于混合动力控制策略开发中的仿真及在线转矩估计,为并联式混合动力系统能量分配和动态协调控制中的发动机转矩反馈提供了基础。     

无级变速传动系统综合控制仿真与试验

基于无级变速传动系统动力学仿真模型与自适应模糊控制策略,综合考虑后备功率、动力传动系损失和CVT速比变化响应滞后的影响,提出了τ算法、发动机转矩补偿和发动机转速补偿3种控制方法,并分别对采用这3种控制方法时的动力性与燃油经济性进行仿真分析.结果表明,相对于常规控制,采用这3种综合控制方法后动力性基本保持不变,而经济性则分别提高了约2.9%-3.5%.     

整车动力传动系统优化匹配试验

以6×4半挂牵引汽车匹配的280kW发动机为主体,通过配装不同速比的桥,根据变速器的直接档和超速档分别进行加速性和经济性试验,然后分析所得的动力性和经济性数据确定整车匹配优化方案,从而降低整车油耗,为客户节约运输成本。     

Plug-in HEV with CVT: configuration,control, and its concurrent multi-objective optimization by evolutionary algorithm

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Plug-in HEV) has dramatic improvements in fuel economy and emission reduction. It is most important to decide its optimal configuration, energy management strategy, powertrain sizes, and control logic parameters. For multi-objective optimization, we present a concurrent optimization methodology based on an optimal Plug-in HEV powertrain configuration with continuous variable transmission (CVT). The novelty is using evolutionary algorithm in conjunction with an instantaneous optimal energy management strategy. Simulation results indicate the proposed method can significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions by simultaneously optimizing the propulsion system parameters as well as the energy control parameters.     

电喷摩托车的动态工况波形测试（1）

电喷摩托车的喷油脉宽并非恒定不变,本文测试的只是原地运转无负载情况下的优客摩托车喷油脉宽,实际工作时,喷油脉宽还受发动机温度、进气温度、发动机节气门开度和转速（负载变化）、蓄电池电压等多方面因素的影响。在闭环控制状态下,除了这些因素外,氧传感器的反馈电压信号也是影响喷油脉宽控制的因素。同样,点火提前角和点火线圈一次侧导通角的控制也受以上因素的影响。     

曲轴齿轮静动载复合工况下弯曲应力及安全系数的计算

过盈装配的柴油机曲轴齿轮,其齿根部除承受工作应力外,还要叠加原始过盈装配应力。工作应力载荷源包括来自喷油泵、配气机构的脉动冲击载荷以及来自水泵、机油泵、发电机的持续载荷。通过对曲轴齿轮静、动载复合工况下齿根承载应力的综合计算,确定了该齿轮零件的弯曲疲劳强度安全系数,为柴油机曲轴齿轮的工程设计提供通用的设计思路及计算依据。     

基于Simulink的柴油引燃式天然气发动机控制模型开发

为了提高柴油引燃式天然气发动机在中小负荷的热效率,采用具备电子节气门的电子控制系统,利用Simulink软件开发了针对该系统的具有电子节气门控制功能的发动机控制模型,通过自动代码生成工具生成嵌入式代码,并下载至发动机控制器进行试验。试验结果表明,该节气门控制算法具有较好的控制效果,发动机控制算法能够有效控制发动机中小负荷的混合气空燃比,明显提高热效率。     

进气门关闭状态下喷油时刻对汽油机性能的影响

为了改善进气道喷射式发动机性能,采用台架试验和数值计算的方法对喷油时刻与进气道喷射式汽油机性能之间的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明：在进气门关闭状态下进行燃油喷射,发动机运行工况不同,喷油时刻对发动机性能的影响规律不同,小节气门开度时推迟喷油时刻会导致 HC 排放升高和发动机动力性下降,大节气门开度时喷油时刻的改变对发动机性能的影响可以忽略。通过数值计算分析发现该变化规律与附壁油膜挥发速率有直接关系,在小节气门开度条件下,附壁油膜无法完全挥发,会增加燃油以液态形式进入气缸的量,从而使发动机性能下降,而处于大节气门条件下,较高的机体温度使得附壁油膜挥发速率加快,降低液态燃油的量,从而改善发动机性能。因此,进气道喷射发动机可以在小节气门开度时采用两次燃油喷射方式提升发动机性能,而在大节气门开度下则无需考虑喷油时刻的影响。     

Effects of the throttle opening ratio and the injection timing of CNG on the combustion characteristics of a DI engine

We investigated the effects of the fuel injection timing — both for early and late injection — in conjunction with the throttle opening ratio on the fuel-air mixing characteristics, engine power, combustion stability and emission characteristics of a DI CNG spark engine and control system that had been modified and designed according to the author’s original idea. We verified that the combustion characteristics were affected by the fuel injection timing and that the engine conditions were affected by the throttle opening ratios and the rpm. The combustion characteristics were greatly improved for a complete open throttle ratio with an early injection timing and for a partial throttle ratio with a late injection timing. The combustion duration was governed by the duration of flame propagation in late injection timing scenarios and by the duration of early flame development in cases of early injection timing. As the result, the combustion duration is shortened, the lean limit is improved, the air-fuel mixing conditions are controlled, and the emissions are reduced through control of the fuel injection timing and vary according to ratio of the throttle opening.     

Economic value and utility of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus

This research is the first to develop a design for a powertain system of a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm of the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and to improve fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional bus and conventional HEBs. The control strategy of the complicated connected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors in achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions of the HEV. In this research, a new optimal control strategy concept is proposed against existing rule-based control strategies. The optimal powertrain control strategy is obtained through two steps of optimizations: tradeoff optimization for emission control and energy flow optimization based on the instantaneous optimization technique. The proposed powertrain control strategy has the flexibility to adapt to battery SOC, exhaust emission amount, classified driving pattern, driving condition, and engine temperature. The objective of the optimal control strategy is to optimize the fuel consumption, electricity use, and exhaust emissions proper to the performance targets. The proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity by using analysis simulation tool ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator).     

A study of a torque control algorithm for direct-injection gasoline engines

A new torque control system was developed for direct injection gasoline engines. The control algorithm was obtained through an analysis of torque behavior under lean combustion with the application of EGR. Tests were conducted in which the openings of both the throttle valve and EGR valve were used as the control parameters, and the fuel injection quantity was synchronized with the phase of the air flow into the cylinders. It was found that good correspondence was obtained between the actual torque and the target torque even when the air–fuel ratio and the EGR rate were changed under transient operating conditions.     

基于遗传算法系统效率优化的PHEV电量保持模式控制策略

为了提高插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）在电量保持下的燃油经济性,并解决插电式混合动力汽车在运行过程中动力元件效率对系统能量利用率影响的问题,制定了系统效率最优的控制策略。以PHEV关键动力部件的测试数据为基础,建立发动机、驱动电机、无级变速器（CVT）以及动力电池等关键部件的效率数值模型,并考虑了温度及荷电状态（SOC）对动力电池充放电功率的影响。设计以混合动力系统效率最优为适应度评价函数,将CVT速比、发动机转矩作为优化变量,以车速、加速度和SOC为状态变量,在动力性指标的约束下,运用遗传算法进行迭代寻优,PHEV的系统效率在第20代左右收敛于全局最优值。同时发动机转矩和CVT速比通过多代遗传进化,较快收敛于最佳值。将相关优化结果与车速、加速度拟合成相应的三维控制数表,综合数值建模和试验测试数据建模的方法,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建插电式混合动力汽车整车控制策略仿真模型,采用新欧洲行驶循环工况进行仿真验证。结果表明：插电式混合动力汽车在电量保持模式下,利用遗传算法优化的系统效率最优控制策略相比优化前,动力电池SOC运行更为平稳,CVT效率有所提升,驱动电机及发动机转矩分配更为合理;百公里燃油消耗量从优化前的5.2 L降至4.5 L,燃油经济性提升了13.5%。     

用于混合动力汽车的电子油门装置

混合动力汽车在行驶中给电池充电工况对发动机的控制提出了新的要求。本文设计了一套电控油门装置,该装置在现有汽油机电控单元的基础上,增加对节气门的控制。通过在长安羚羊7130轿车上试验,验证了该方案的可行性。     

发动机特性仿真的研究

介绍了获得发动机不同油门开度外特性试验数据的试验方法,利用试验获得的发动机数据建立了发动机的动力性和经济性的仿真模型,使用建立的仿真模型可以模拟各种不同工况下发动机的状态,实现用计算机代替发动机,为AMT电控单元的开发提供一个虚拟试验平台。     

负荷控制方式对甲醇发动机性能影响的试验研究

在1台2L柴油机改装的点火式甲醇发动机上分别采用节气门、节气门联合EGR以及单纯EGR的方式来控制发动机负荷,试验负荷选择了全负荷的50%和75%,过量空气系数保持在1附近,调整点火角,进行动力性和排放性试验。研究发现:两种负荷下都是采用节气门联合EGR控制负荷时发动机的动力性和经济性最好;两种负荷下的HC排放随控制方式的不同而不同,但均为节气门控制负荷时HC排放最低;两种负荷下的CO排放随控制方式的不同而不同,但都是节气门控制负荷时CO排放最高;两种负荷下的NOx排放规律相似,均为节气门开度越大,NOx排放越低。     

基于神经网络的发动机稳态模型研究

发动机稳态模型是研究汽车动力传动系统的基础。利用神经网络具有高度非线性的特点建立了发动机稳态模型，即发动机稳态工况下扭矩、油耗与油门开度以及转速之间的关系，并以桑塔纳２０００型电喷发动机为例进行了说明。