基于多元回归分析的事件持续时间预测

事件持续时间预测是实现先进的事件管理系统的一个重要基础。本文通过多元回归分析法对高速公路事件持续时间预测问题进行研究。首先通过方差分析(ANOVA)确定对事件持续时间具有显著影响的因素。在此基础上,通过逐步回归分析确定用于高速公路事件持续时间预测的最佳变量组合并建立多元线性回归模型。经检验,预测值与实际值的相关系数为0.8573,预测结果基本能够反映真实的事件持续时间情况。     

高速公路事件管理系统的数据库设计

本文研究并设计了高速公路事件管理系统的核心部分-数据库,通过对于高速公路事件管理系统的应用状况进行全面、详细的调查,在系统需求分析的基础上,完成了以高速公路空间要素数据库和事件管理专题数据库为主体的高速公路事件管理系统数据库整体结构的设计,重点介绍了该数据库概念结构、逻辑结构设计的过程。     

基于手机定位的高速公路事件检测方法研究

改善自动事件检测方法的检测率(DR)、误报率(FAR)和平均检测时间(MTTD),对于提高事件管理效率至关重要。在分析现有检测方法的基础上,提出基于手机定位的高速公路事件检测方法并给出一种检测算法。算法以在路车辆上每部手机的定位数据为基础,由此获取平均速度、速度标准差和速度变化系数作为特性参数,采用模糊综合评判方法判断道路交通运行状态,实现高速公路事件的自动检测。模拟实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

Customization of Automatic Incident Detection Algorithms for Signalized Urban Arterials

Non-recurrent congestion or incidents are detrimental to the operability and efficiency of busy urban transport networks. There exist multiple automatic incident detection algorithms (AIDAs) to remotely detect the occurrence of an incident in highway or freeway scenarios; however, very little research has been performed to automatically detect incidents in signalized urban arterials. This limited research attention has mostly been focused on developing new urban arterial specific algorithms, rather than identifying alternative methods to synthesize existing freeway-based algorithms for urban conditions. The main hindrance to such synthesis is that the traffic patterns on the signalized urban arterials are significantly different from the same on highways/freeways due to the presence of traffic intersections. This article introduces a new strategy of customizing the existing AIDAs (freeway based or otherwise) to significantly improve their adaptability to signalized urban arterial transport networks. The new strategy focuses on preprocessing the traffic information before being used as input to a freeway/highway-based AIDA to lessen the effect of traffic signals and to imitate the input patterns in highway/freeway-based incident conditions. The effectiveness of this new strategy has been established with the help of four existing AIDAs. The proposed strategy is a simple solution to implement existing algorithms to signalized urban networks without any further instrumentation or operational cost.     

基于Fisher判别的城市快速路自动事件检测算法研究

交通事件检测是尽早发现公路运营中的事故隐患,提高运输安全性的重要技术.文章目的在于构建一个高精度并且易于实施的快速路自动事件检测算法.在简述国外自动事件检测算法、分析快速路特点和事件检测系统要求的基础上,研究了快速路检测器布置的原则和优化密度,选择了对事件发生敏感度最大的4个交通参量,建立了基于Fisher判别模型的自动事件检测算法,采用历史数据对模型进行标定,并给出了试验评价结果.试验结果表明,该方法检测率达到85.7%,并且检测速度快.     

Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting for Freeway Incident-Induced Delay Estimation

Freeway incidents not only threaten travelers’ safety but also cause severe congestion. Incident-induced delay (IID) refers to the extra travel delay resulting from incidents on top of the recurrent congestion. Quantifying IID would help people better understand the real cost of incidents, maximize the benefit-cost ratio of investment on incident remedy actions, and develop active traffic management and integrated corridor management strategies. By combining a modified queuing diagram and short-term traffic flow forecasting techniques, this study proposes an approach to estimate the temporal IID for a roadway section, given that the incidents occurs between two traffic flow detectors. The approach separates IID from the total travel delay, estimates IID for each individual incident, and only takes volume as input for IID quantification, avoiding using speed data that are widely involved in previous algorithms yet are less available or prone to poor data quality. Therefore, this approach can be easily deployed to broader ranges where only volume data are available. To verify its estimation accuracy, this study captures two incident videos and extracts ground-truth IID data, which is rarely done by previous studies. The verification shows that the IID estimation errors of the proposed approach are within 6% for both cases. The approach has been implemented in a Web-based system, which enables quick, convenient, and reliable freeway IID estimation in the Puget Sound region in the state of Washington.     

A path-following driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics,including measured and simulated responses to a step in steering angle overlay

An existing driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics is improved in the areas of cognitive delay, intrinsic muscle dynamics and alpha–gamma co-activation. The model is used to investigate the influence of steering torque feedback and neuromuscular dynamics on the vehicle response to lateral force disturbances. When steering torque feedback is present, it is found that the longitudinal position of the lateral disturbance has a significant influence on whether the driver’s reflex response reinforces or attenuates the effect of the disturbance. The response to angle and torque overlay inputs to the steering system is also investigated. The presence of the steering torque feedback reduced the disturbing effect of torque overlay and angle overlay inputs. Reflex action reduced the disturbing effect of a torque overlay input, but increased the disturbing effect of an angle overlay input. Experiments on a driving simulator showed that measured handwheel angle response to an angle overlay input was consistent with the response predicted by the model with reflex action. However, there was significant intra- and inter-subject variability. The results highlight the significance of a driver’s neuromuscular dynamics in determining the vehicle response to disturbances.     

预应力曲线箱梁和异形箱梁的研究

近年来 ,国内外学者对曲线箱梁和异形箱梁的静力分析理论和计算方法作过大量的研究 ,但这些理论和方法在某种程度上都存在着一定的局限性 ,特别是在实际设计工作中 ,运用起来不能得心应手。为此本文在综合前人已取得经验下 ,针对桥梁结构设计中分析曲线箱梁、异形箱梁 ,经常遇到的难题进行了研究 ,建立一个较为完善的理论和方法 ,编制了等参元空间分析程序。在实际工程中进行实桥试验 ,验证了本文理论和方法的正确性。本文的研究工作更准确描述了箱梁的荷载响应 ,为设计人员提供直观的设计依据。对曲线箱梁和异形箱梁受力特性有了更一步的理解 ,并提出了新的见解     

沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料路面(SMA)的应用和施工技术

SMA是沥青码蹄脂碎石(Stone Matrix Asphal)的缩写,是一种以沥青结合料与少量的纤维稳定剂、细集料,以及较多的填料(矿粉)组成的沥青玛蹄脂,填充于间断级配粗集料骨架间隙中组成一体所形成的沥青混合料,简称SMA。该文介绍了SMA在上海的应用及其施工技术。     

混凝土施工中裂缝的防治措施及处理办法

混凝土的推广使用已有一个世纪,目前在现代工程建设中仍占有重要的地位。而在今天,混凝土的裂缝较为普遍,在桥梁工程中裂缝几乎无所不在,尽管我们在施工中采取各种各样的措施,但收效甚微,裂缝仍然时有出现。该文指出,究其原因,人们对混凝土温度变化所产生的应力注意不够是其中之一,尤其是大体积混凝土。对此,温度应力与温度控制具有重要的意义。     

发动机采用BOOST建模和与CRUISE联合仿真的研究

利用AVL公司开发的BOOST软件可宏观地描述发动机的热力学过程且优化发动机的性能,而AVL的CRUISE软件可调用BOOST建立的发动机模型.在进行道路循环工况的仿真时,须对发动机全部工况点进行准确的标定.文中采用BOOST开发了发动机的仿真模型.通过调整节气门开度和燃烧模型参数,标定了发动机在多个转速和负荷点的转矩、功率和油耗,较好地模拟了发动机的动力性和经济性.最后基于ECE循环工况,将此模型与CRUISE进行联合仿真,分析了发动机瞬态工况的动力性、油耗和NO_x排放等参数.     

Analysis of the capabilities of a two-stage turbocharging system to fulfil the US2007 anti-pollution directive for heavy duty diesel engines

This article presents a two-stage turbocharged heavy-duty diesel (HDD) engine designed to fulfil the US2007 anti-pollution directive. This directive imposes very restrictive limits on the NOx and particle emissions of HDD engines. In this work, the possibility of combining particle traps in the exhaust line to reduce soot emissions with very high EGR rates to reduce NOx emissions is considered. This new generation engine implements two-stage turbocharging in order to improve the bsfc when the engine is working on steady conditions as well as to optimize the engine transient response. After carrying out the tests, the results were analyzed and the engine settings were adjusted to maximise its behaviour and minimise pollutant emissions. NOx and soot emission peaks were also analyzed at engine transient conditions in order to keep them under certain levels, and thus maintain the overall pollutant emissions to a level that is as low as possible. In summary, a double-stage turbocharging configuration can greatly improve engine driveability (between 23% and 36% depending on engine speed), while reducing NOx emissions during transient evolution without increasing opacity peaks beyond the stated limits.     

新一代同步器开发与应用

随着用户对车辆驾驶舒适性要求的不断提高,国内重型商用车辆对全同步器型变速箱的需求迅速增长,有必要开发适合重型卡车变速箱恶劣工况的高性能同步器。设计人员从结构设计和材料选型2方面着手,设计了具有专利结构的钢环碳纤维摩擦材料同步器。工艺人员解决了制造过程中的技术难点,建成了高标准的同步器生产线。新一代同步器针对重型卡车变速箱恶劣工况而设计,在市场上获得了很大的成功。     

超薄磨耗层沥青混合料的应用研究

该文从研究超薄磨耗层的级配的选择入手,简单分析了超薄磨耗层的结构特点和强度形成机理,给出了几种国内外常用的超薄磨耗层级配范围,并提出了将SAC-10做为其研究的设计级配。在研究超薄磨耗层沥青混合料配合比设计的基础上,通过对SAC-10沥青混合料的马歇尔试验,确定了该沥青混合料的矿料级配和最佳沥青含量。最后采用车辙试验、浸水马歇尔和冻融劈裂试验及小梁弯曲试验等一系列试验,检测超薄磨耗层沥青混合料的各项路用性能,为在实际工程中的应用提供理论依据。     

基于DDS技术的发动机爆震信号仿真研究

基于直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术,通过设计相应的硬件电路来模拟发动机的爆震信号,在发动机平均值模型的基础上添加改进的双区燃烧模型,用以计算分析缸内燃烧过程,进而预测、判断爆震,并以爆震等级强弱等信息作为模型的输出量,最终驱动硬件电路产生信号。对信号的发生及处理过程作了针对性的研究。试验结果表明,模拟信号的幅值、频率等参数均可调,实时性满足系统的要求。     

公路工程监理人员市场供需模型研究

提出了建立监理人员需求和供给模型的方法,推导了计算公式。根据公路建设发展的历史数据,对历年公路建设监理人员需求和供给进行了计算和比较。     

轮胎位移包容性研究及有效路面谱计算方法

本文提出一种有效路形测量的新方法,研究轮胎的位移包容性。提出以轮胎包容参数为变量把真实路面功率谱变换为有效路面功率谱的新方法。该研究是道路激励模拟的基础研究。     

隧道出口减光防眩设计

以甘肃省某高速公路隧道洞口为例,通过对几种不同洞门减光防眩构造物（遮光棚、遮阳棚、遮光板）的比较研究,指出遮光棚不仅可解决减光过渡的问题,还可达到防眩的效果;通过对2种不利工况的分析,得出20°入射角是导致驾驶员失能眩光的角度。提出了遮光棚设计应注意的事项,如拱肋间距、铝合金管环向间距、亮度等。     

目前我国的高速公路项目后评价

结合在北京、江苏、广西等地的调研经验,对现阶段高速公路项目后评价工作中存在的尖锐问题展开了细致剖析,并在此基础上提出自己的几点建议,以供相关部门借鉴参考。