北戴河海滩养护方案实验研究

对北戴河海滩人工养滩工程的可行性进行研究,通过物理模型实验对所设计的4个岸滩防护方案进行对比研究,给出了各方案稳定的岸滩剖面形态、侵蚀岸线和平衡恢复岸线.通过对这些实验结果的分析,论述了A、B、D方案在各种波况下海滩稳定性和恢复能力,探讨不同方案的护滩效果,并最终确定D方案为最优方案.     

海南莺歌海海域水文泥沙环境与泥沙运动特征分析

莺歌海附近岸段岸滩侵蚀现象较为严重,政府部门拟规划通过建设海岸防护工程等措施对当地岸滩进行整治修复,改善民生。以该工程为依托,基于莺歌海海域近期水文泥沙资料,对工程区海域的自然条件、动力泥沙环境特征进行了分析,计算了泥沙活动性参数,为海岸防护工程建设相关研究提供依据与参考。     

陆丰海洋基地码头工程防波堤平面布置

为保障泊稳条件、减轻工程对周边岸线的影响、合理降低工程投资,对陆丰海洋基地码头工程防波堤平面布置进行研究。结合波浪和潮流观测资料、遥感影像历史资料,运用波浪、潮流泥沙及岸滩演变数值模拟手段,分析陆丰海洋基地所在地水文特性,厘清不同防波堤平面布置方案下泊稳条件、波浪荷载、流场变化、泥沙运动及岸滩演变特点,探讨工程平面布置方案的优劣。经对比分析,考虑预留更多的扩建空间及分期建设的便利性,建议采用东北开口方案,暂不延长防波堤,并对受影响岸段辅以相应的岸滩整治措施。     

基于人工补沙的海滩养护试验研究

近年来,新兴的海滩养护"软"防护方法凭借其更自然化的防侵蚀方式、环境友好程度高以及经济性合理等优势,在海岸防治和修复的工程实践中得到广泛应用。本文通过二维水槽动床试验,结合剖面识别的图像观测方法,对沙坝补沙以及滩肩补沙两种养护方案下的补沙初始剖面向平衡剖面转化的演变过程进行分析。试验发现,沙坝补沙可使外海波浪提前破碎,明显减轻了岸滩侵蚀,且在一定波浪条件下产生了向岸输沙,造成岸线前进;而滩肩补沙则为水下沙坝增长提供了足量侵蚀沙源,增强了岸滩抵御更大波浪的能力。     

规则波作用下沙质海岸岸滩演变规律三维试验研究

为探究长时间序列斜向规则波作用下平直沙质岸滩演变基本规律,在波浪港池中开展三维波浪泥沙物理模型试验.试验结果表明:在上游无沙源补充的情况下,沙滩将形成不平衡沿岸输沙海岸和平衡沿岸输沙海岸.不平衡沿岸输沙海岸地形等深线分布不均匀,形态不顺直,近岸岸滩发生侵蚀,离岸处泥沙沉积,岸滩剖面坡度在近岸较陡,岸滩中部较缓,离岸处变...     

钢管排桩码头在沙质滩涂的码头建设应用

我国有大量砂硕质岸滩和淤泥质岸滩,在这些区域有大量的码头建设需求,本文结合某工程实例,提出了大直径钢管排桩码头这种新的施工方式。该结构形式具有结构简单、造价低廉、施工速度快和易拆除等优点,该方案适用于5,000t以下的临时码头或永久码头。     

杭州湾北岸水下地形冲淤演变分析

通过分析历史资料,研究了杭州湾北岸上海市化学工业区堤防前沿的水动力特征、岸滩的冲淤演变特征及部分可能影响因素.针对化工区海防安全的要求,着重分析了堤防工程的若干工程效应及其对该水域岸滩保护的工程作用.针对该水域的最大海洋自然灾害-台风浪,汇总了工程建设前后几次强台风过境该水域时的若干水动力条件及岸滩损坏情况,分析了若干...     

三杆六脚透水架体护滩水力特性试验

三杆六脚透水架体由于具有扰流消能等独特优越性,曾在海防建筑物消波护面工程应用中取得良好效果。为了从机理上探究将其作为一种新型的岸滩防护技术的适用性和防护效果,利用室内变坡水槽试验测量了三杆六脚透水架体附近的水流结构,分析了防护体系对沿程流场三维流速和紊动强度分布的影响,对比了防护前后床面附近单位质量水体能量的沿程变化情况,由此研究了三杆六脚透水架体的防冲促淤机理。     

岸滩演变对入江口门航道的影响

各支流入江口门是沟通各支流和长江的关键部位,其河床稳定性对保持航道畅通具有重大作用.选择南京河段梅子洲汉道段秦淮新河口和城南河口为研究对象,分析入江口门岸滩演变特征,并结合入江口门历年疏浚资料,分析岸滩演变对入江口门航道的影响.研究成果表明,岸滩演变不仅形成了入江口门的河道局部条件,并且制约口门的水沙条件,因此,对入江口门的水流、泥沙运动和航道产生重大影响.     

土福湾赤岭岸线沙滩修复技术探讨

针对拦沙结构物优化问题,以土福湾赤岭岸线修复工程为例,分析了缩短拦沙堤长度而不影响航道的可行性.岸滩采用滩肩补沙方式,缩短拦沙堤长度至150 m,允许沙子绕过拦沙堤进入备用蓄沙池.实地检验近2年,期间遭受多场台风侵袭,尤其是2020年下半年台风组团影响,方案经受住了考验,证明设计效果良好.旁通输沙方案也节省了投资.研究...     

Examining Local Coastal Zone Management Capacity in U.S. Pacific Coastal Counties

The coastal zone has critical natural, commercial, recreational, ecological, industrial, and esthetic values for current and future generations. Thus, there are increasing pressures from population growth and coastal land development. Local coastal land use planning plays an important role in implementing the U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) by establishing goals and performance policies for addressing critical coastal issues. This study extends the CZMA Performance Measurement System from the national level to the local land use level by measuring coastal zone land use plan quality and political context in fifty-three Pacific coastal counties. Plan quality is measured using an evaluation protocol defined by five components and sixty-eight indicators. The results indicate a reasonable correspondence between national goals and local coastal zone land use planning goals, but a slight gap might exist between the national/state versus local levels in the overall effectiveness of coastal zone management (CZM) efforts. The results show many U.S. Pacific coastal counties lack strong coastal zone land use plans because the average plan quality score was only 22.7 out of 50 points. Although these plans set relatively clear goals and objectives, they are somewhat weaker in their factual basis, identify a limited range of the available planning tools and techniques, and establish few coordination and implementation mechanisms. The regression analysis results indicate that CZM plan quality was not significantly related to any of the jurisdictional characteristics.     

Champions as Influencers of Science Uptake into Australian Coastal Zone Policy

Australia's coastal environments are exposed to great pressures. Adequate policy and management measures are required to ensure the protection of coastal assets now and for future generational use. However, recent government reports and academic literature have highlighted that improved science uptake into policy is needed to ensure coastal communities are protected from impacts such as climate change. The literature suggests that individuals, coined champions, can play an important role in influencing the use of science by policymakers. However, a paucity of research exists surrounding the role of these individuals. This research explores the role of champions in enabling science uptake into policy in the Australian coastal zone, investigating champion characteristics and strategies used in influencing policymakers. A mixed-methods approach to the research was employed, integrating a paper/online survey of people involved in Australian coastal management and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with champions nominated by their peers from the survey. Fourteen key coastal champion characteristics were identified from the survey. Furthermore, the champion interviews identified strategies for influencing science use by policymakers. From these findings a conceptual model was created. In order to enable coastal champions to be fostered, a six-step process was developed that incorporates the use of the conceptual model.     

Extant Legal and Jurisdictional Constraints on Irish Coastal Management

The success of any coastal zone management policy is dependent on, among other things, effective legislation and its enforcement. This article examines some possible legal constraints on the implementation of an integrated coastal zone management policy in Ireland. An introduction to the existing legal framework is provided, and the inconsistencies and ambiguities related, in particular, to jurisdiction and area of responsibility are highlighted. In particular the effect of land ownership and property rights on coastal zone management are examined with reference to two popular resort beaches in County Donegal, Ireland. While a revision of the relevant legislation is desirable, it is probably unrealistic; however, powers are available to the various institutions involved in coastal management that are currently unused. These are reviewed and their potential to improve coastal zone management is discussed.     

Coastal management as a bargaining process

Abstract

Major challenges are ahead in managing the coastal zone of western Canada. Until now there has been no legislated focus through a coastal zone management act nor a policy for the management of coastal resources. Instead, policies and institutions have been evolving out of existing legislation responding to opportunities and needs as they have arisen. Management is predominantly a bargaining process the success of which depends on opportunities for informed participation by the affected interests. Considering the relatively small investments in management, bargaining appears to have worked rather well, but there are weaknesses. Fortunately, significant opportunities exist to improve performance at relatively low cost. In particular, there should be a shift from the past emphasis on inventorying, monitoring, and coordination, to the development of functional knowledge and sectoral planning that can be the basis for informed and representative bargaining.     

Governing Coastal Spaces: The Case of Disappearing Science in Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Scientific knowledge is central to “good” governance of coastal spaces: developing methods through which the complexities of the coastal zone can be understood by stakeholders to improve the sustainable management of coastal systems. Enhancing our knowledge of the range of processes that shape coastal spaces and define the total behavioural environment of the system remains a primary challenge for the coastal research community. However, this article raises the argument that current approaches to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)—the preferred governing framework for the coastal environment, do not give sufficient emphasis to this fundamental need. Improving the basic scientific knowledge that underpins policymaking at the coast is argued to be urgently needed. Issues such as that of developing a communality of the purpose and approach between stakeholders within the coastal zone (through conflict resolution and access to information, for example) seem to claim the rights of the integrated management research agenda. However, the very nature of ICZM as “worthwhile coastal management” requires that integrated management represents more than a governing framework. Successful integration in coastal management must also be underpinned by knowledge of the integrated behavior of the system. Science has an increasingly marginalized position within ICZM and as a result geographers, contributing knowledge of the patterns and processes of the human and environmental landscapes, are also becoming a disappearing breed in integrated coastal management.     

中国海岸带综合调查初步成果

五十至六十年代结合沿海经济建设,先后对不同岸段进行过多次调查,并取得了一定成果。缝之,根据我国经济建设和海岸带开发的需要,于1980年开展了全国海岸带综合调查,并在调查基础上进行了各项开发试点实验,取得了不少成果。于1985～1987年沿海10个省市区先后完成外业调查和内业调查的整编,全国的最终成果正在编制中。本文对中国海岸带特征及其在国土开发中所占的重要地位;海岸带开发现况及其出现的问题,调查目的、范围、内容和成果要束以及调查取得的初步成果予以全面扼要介绍。     

Underwater Cultural Heritage Policies of the United States Coastal Zone

Domestic management of historic shipwrecks and other Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) resources located in the United States coastal zone is extensively fragmented and a portion of it has significant implications in terms of international law. In the United States coastal zone, UCH (largely historic shipwrecks) falls under one of three general regimes, depending on where the resource is located and subject to specific and individual requirements: the General Maritime Law, the Abandoned Shipwreck Act, and the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, also known as the Marine Sanctuaries Act. After examining the development of and current status of these regimes, this article will suggest policies for a stronger, more coordinated federal management regime in United States coastal waters. It will specifically argue that a recent decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit provides a well-designed paradigm that could be linked with pertinent aspects of the three identified regimes to create a unified coastal governance mechanism for sunken historic shipwrecks.     

Decentralized Coastal Zone Management in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective 1

Transferring decision-making process from central to local government and enhancing the role of local communities in managing coastal zones is an increasing commitment by governments in Southeast Asia. This article analyzes decentralized coastal zone management in two neighboring countries, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Federal system in Malaysia is argued to be able to influence more decentralized coastal zone management and to promote community-based management approaches. Meanwhile, the large diversity of coastal resources and communities combined with a still as yet tested decentralization policy in Indonesia is argued to bring more challenges in implementing the decentralization and community-based approaches in coastal zones. The lessons learned in this study provide insight in how far decentralized coastal zone management has taken place in Malaysia and Indonesia. The significant differences in the pattern of coastal zone management in these two countries are discussed in detail. This study recognizes that co-management and community-based approaches can be appropriate in dealing with coastal zone management. This comparative perspective is important to the development of a bigger picture of sustainable coastal zone management processes and cross-regional knowledge-sharing in Southeast Asia.     

Advancing Coastal Habitat Resiliency Through Landscape-Scale Assessment

Coastal areas are among the most biologically rich regions in the world. They provide tremendous benefit to people through ecological services like pollution filtration, carbon sequestration, and storm protection. However, human activity has decreased the ability of ecosystems to provide these services, and in many coastal areas, restoration is not as effective as it could be. Limited success is largely attributed to vague goals and a lack of holistic, science-informed planning. Quantifying coastal habitat health can aid in setting better restoration goals and lead to greater restoration success. The Long Island Sound Study National Estuary Program conducted the first comprehensive look at coastal habitat health for the Long Island Sound Estuary. In this study we also reviewed landscape-scale habitat assessment progress within other coastal programs. Results can be applied to establish ecosystem health-oriented goals that improve habitat function and resilience across coastal areas.     

Applying a Mediated Negotiation Framework to Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Conflict is intrinsic to coastal zone management, yet relatively few peer-reviewed studies have examined how coastal managers might apply conflict resolution processes in the coastal zone management (CZM) context. The authors believe that many of these disputes can be addressed by using a structured mediation model that involves face-to-face negotiation with a broad range of stakeholders to build consensus-based agreements for integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). To explore this further, the article examines four questions. First, it examines how CZM literature characterizes conflict and conflict resolution. Second, it looks at how essential principles from the field of alternative dispute resolution and environmental mediation can be best employed in the ICZM context. In particular, it explores the various elements of a stepwise agreement building model, a mediated negotiation process model the authors use in practice that bases its success on a foundation of four principles: representation, participation, legitimacy, and accountability. Next, it details three essential tools used in this process, stakeholder analysis, joint factfinding, and single-text negotiation, that the authors believe to be promising for developing and adopting stable, well-informed, and implementable agreements for ICZM. Finally, the article examines how these structuring principles and process strategies have been used in two recent case studies regarding the management of the San Francisco estuary and its tributaries.