从2016(第三届)轨道交通TOD&PPP国际研讨会看行业前沿 当资本遇见轨道交通

正如何利用轨道交通和土地综合开发的增值效应去弥补轨道和城市发展建设的巨额缺口,提高轨道交通盈利能力?如何真正实现民间资本参与轨道交通建设运营?TOD在我国城市的实际应用如何?TOD和PPP未来又有哪些发展趋势?……从目前我国大力发展城市轨道交通的步伐上就能发现,我国城市轨道交通的实际需求在进一步扩大,发展建设也加快了步伐。目前,我国在建的城市轨道交通线路总长为4448公里。2015年全国城市轨道交通完成投资3683亿元,比上一年增加27%。城市轨道交通     

典型城市轨道交通票价调整机制分析及启示

本文讨论了城市轨道交通浮动票价调整的必要性和意义,通过分析和评价国外典型城市轨道交通浮动票价调整的具体案例,总结其实施经验,结合我国社会经济发展的实际状况、轨道交通企业的运营情况以及国家相关价格法律法规,提出了建立我国城市轨道交通票价调整机制的对策建议,包括轨道交通票价调整公式、参数选取和确定,票价调整机制的启动条件、实施主体、实施流程以及注意事项,以实现市运营企业经济效益和整体社会效益的最大化。     

城市轨道交通跨线运营模式研究

为探究轨道交通跨线运营在优化城市交通功能,解决城市轨道交通拥堵问题等方面的作用,对城市轨道交通跨线运营模式的应用优势、应用难点及应用方法进行分析,并对信息化背景下的轨道交通跨线运营技术效用进行研究。认为跨线运营是城市轨道交通的发展趋势,且在多元化技术的“加持”下,城市轨道交通跨线运营模式将取得重大突破。     

新形势下加强城市轨道交通前期研究的几点思考

城市轨道交通前期研究是轨道交通项目建设过程中的重要环节。依据国家"一带一路"的发展战略以及对轨道交通建设新颁布的政策,结合目前我国城市轨道交通发展现状,对如何加强城市轨道交通前期研究提出了几点思考和建议。     

完善投融资体制，保障城市轨道交通事业的可持续发展

要实现上海轨道交通的发展战略目标，需对筹融资方法进行突破和创新，在经营开发上有所作为，就是通过对轨道交通建设几种投融资模式的探讨，推动多元投资格局的形成，以保障城市轨道交通事业的可持续发展。     

我国城市轨道交通发展综述

随着经济社会的发展,我国大中城市居民出行日渐增多,对原有的以路面交通为主的城市交通造成了较大的压力,同时尾气排放也对城市环境造成了污染。在此情况下,城市轨道交通以其运量大、污染小的特点引起人们的重视,我国各大中城市掀起了发展城市轨道交通的热潮,北京、上海、广州的轨道交通网络初具雏形,更多的轨道交通线路还在规划实施中。一、我国城市轨道交通发展回顾一般来说,城市轨道交通包括了地铁、轻轨、有轨电车以及磁悬浮列车等几种方式。在谈论城市轨道交通的时候,我们不能只把目光集中在地铁上,而应该将视线延伸开去。1、地铁:风景…     

我国城市轨道交通投融资模式转变与创新

我国城市轨道交通正处于快速建设发展期,政府资金来源和投融资环境发生了较大变化,以往"土地出让金+银行贷款"的投融资模式难以为继,亟待转变与创新。本文在对城市轨道交通投融资现状的回顾和对面临新形势的分析基础上,提出了对我国城市轨道交通投融资模式转变与创新的建议:利用地方政府性债券弥补土地出让金减少产生的资本金缺口;加快推进政府和社会资本合作(PPP)模式的应用,更好地吸引社会资本参与城市轨道交通投融资;充分利用企业项目收益债、优先股等直接融资手段;积极争取抵押补充贷款(PSL)替代商业贷款,降低融资成本。     

“轨道+物业”模式顶层制度设计

轨道+物业模式是节约集约使用土地的重要手段,也是我国城市轨道交通投融资体制改革的重要方向。建立协同的管理制度,保障轨道+物业模式的有序推进,已摆上政府理财施政的重要议事日程。结合深圳、佛山等地轨道交通综合开发和投融资体制改革的实践,分析了轨道+物业模式制度设计的必要性,提出了制度设计的思路,并从规划设计、投融资、工程实施、土地管理以及行政体制等层面阐述了制度设计的要点,为推进轨道交通投融资体制和土地管理制度的创新发展提供经验借鉴。     

城市轨道交通服务礼仪培训体系探究

近年来我国逐渐加快了城市化建设脚步,同时城市轨道交通也随之迅速发展起来.现代人对于交通客运服务礼仪是非常重视的,而如何通过交通服务礼仪培训体系的建立,提高城市轨道交通工作人员的综合素质,为广大乘客提供更好的服务礼仪已经成为现阶段我国轨道交通企业需要重点关注的一个问题.本文对城市轨道交通服务礼仪及其含义进行了阐述,并解析...     

城市轨道交通运营安全风险管控评价及策略研究

近年来,我国城市轨道交通逐步朝规模化、现代化的方向发展。为保证城市轨道交通运营安全,需要做好安全管理,确保轨道交通的正常运行,因此以地铁为例,对轨道交通运营安全风险分类及主要内容进行分析,对城市轨道交通运营的安全风险管控策略进行分析,以期为相关工作人员提供参考。     

东京涩谷站TOD开发模式及其借鉴意义

中国的城市建设已经由原有的扩张阶段,转入了对存量的提质增效阶段。相应地,我国各大城市的轨道交通也进入了新的发展时期,以TOD为核心理念的公共交通开发模式开始受到政府和专家学者的重视。本文以东京涩谷站中心及周边地区基础设施更新建设为重点案例,分析涩谷站更新建设过程中的制度保障、战略目标和开发内容,总结其开发的特色和优势,并结合我国实际,探讨轨道交通站点的开发策略,以期为未来中国城市轨道交通站点的开发提供借鉴。     

集聚经济视角下轨道交通投资对城市系统均衡的影响

随着城镇化进程加快,城市规模增加所带来的集聚效应和交通拥堵等负外部性之间的矛盾越来越突出,优化城市交通基础设施建设是缓解该矛盾的重要举措。本文同时考虑了集聚经济和交通拥挤两种外部性,构建并求解了一个两区域城市空间结构模型,分三种情况探究了轨道交通的投资引入和道路容量的优化对城市规模和城市空间结构均衡的影响。结果表明,轨道交通的投资引入能够增加城市人口规模和社会福利,使城市结构更加紧凑。但是,随着集聚经济水平的提高,城市规划者应逐步完善公交配套设施,以降低公交拥挤成本,提高公交出行分担率;还应制定相应的福利政策,避免由于个体效用下降而导致人口流出。     

Impacts of rail transit access on land and housing values in China: a quantitative synthesis

ABSTRACT

Rail transit investment has been viewed as a prominent policy instrument for local and regional development. However, little is known about to what extent the theorised changes in land and housing values arising from rail transit access can be substantiated by evidence in a large developing country context. This paper presents a quantitative review of empirical studies that analysed the impacts of rail transit access on land and housing values in China. We review empirical analyses in 67 studies from 1997 to 2018 for which we encode quantitative results along with a range of theoretically combinations of spatially contextual characteristics, data and methodological-design characteristics. The results show that there are significant variations in the size estimates of effects of rail transit access across studies. Such variations are associated with rail project types, data and methodological designs. Our study provides the insights on what has already been known and what needs to be known on evaluating real estate consequences of rail transit improvements in developing countries.     

The impact of rail transit on land use: Evidence and a change of perspective

On the basis of available evidence we cannot clearly establish a causal relationship between rail transit and changes in land use and development patterns. At best, such changes would seem to occur only in the presence of other favorable factors, such as supportive local land use policies and development incentives, availability of developable land and a good investment climate. In any event, however, determining the precise extent of rail investment's effect on urban structure is less important than assessing the role it could play in an overall strategy for reaching larger urban goals.     

轨道交通车站综合开发建筑设计接口要素探讨

城市轨道交通综合开发能够带来显著的经济效益和社会效益已逐渐得到了证明,与此相关的诸多设计问题和接口关系也正在逐步研究解决。通过对轨道交通车站几个综合开发项目设计问题的剖析,提出在轨道交通车站综合开发建筑设计接口要素及关注要点。     

Distinguishing the land use effects of road pricing based on the urban form attributes

This paper studies the effects of road pricing on land use under different development scenarios (business as usual scenario and transit oriented development scenario) by a quantitative method, which combines the integrated land use and transport interaction model (TRANUS model) with the scenario-planning techniques. Moreover, in order to further analyze the differences of the land use effects of road pricing on traffic analysis zones (TAZs) with different urban form attributes, a quantitative classification method combining factor analysis and cluster analysis is then used to quantitatively classify TAZs. The results demonstrate that the effects of road pricing on the land use of a specific region depend on the urban form attributes of the region. The higher the densities of employments and population, and better street design (high densities of street and intersections) and public transportation condition, the less the region is negatively affected by road pricing, and vice versa. More importantly, rail transit can alleviate the negative impact of road pricing on commercial development and population concentration of the region. Therefore, before introducing a road pricing policy, it is necessary to develop public transport system, especially rail transit.     

Japan's urban transportation system in the major transport spheres

The urban areas in Japan have undergone rapid changes in the last two and one-half decades. At the same time, the urban transportation system has been faced with numerous problems which need to be solved urgently. This paper presents the development stage and problems in the three largest metropolitan areas, designated as transport spheres, in Japan. Japan's problems in urban transportation are similar to those of most Western nations with regard to such issues as rapid urbanization, growth in travel, increasing auto ownership, growing transit operating deficits, rising wages and air pollution. The differences are the large modal split of transit from automobile trips, major expansion of the rail transit network, and the large number of transit operators in each urban area in Japan. In addition, governmental policies to help solve the urban transport problems are briefly described. In order to make the policies effective, coordination among government agencies is required. The establishment of a unified government agency is regarded as the first priority in dealing with the urban transport problem. It is expected that the government will offer bold new countermeasures to cope with urban transportation problems.This report was accomplished with the kind assistance of Professor Jerry B. Schneider, Departments of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning, University of Washington, and Mr. Satoshi Inoue, an official of the Ministry of Transport in Japan, who is currently studying at the University of Washington.     

The federal rail transit policy: Rhetoric or reality?

Almost two years ago the U.S. Department of Transportation issued a formal statement of policy on rail transit. The aim of the policy was to articulate more clearly some of the basic principles and philosophy which would guide Federal participation in urban rail transit investment. The paper examines the principal tenets of the policy and assesses its influence on local rail transit development.     

Land use around suburban transit stations

Land use change in some form is cited by both supporters and critics of rapid transit deployment. This paper examines and categorizes land use around twenty stations located in suburban Washington, D.C. and San Francisco/Oakland through the use of aerial photographs and field investigations. As a case study of local economic development, it documents the land use pattern associated with two modern heavy rail, rapid transit networks — BART and METRO.Both BART and METRO impact land use around suburban stations. The primary contributors to station area development are residential and commercial developers in addition to the transportation providers themselves. The trend toward more intense development away from the regional CBD toward suburban station areas indicates a wave of influence moving into the hinterland via transit lines. While trends of land use are apparent, individual station areas seem to be dictated by local conditions such as markets, land use restrictions, accessibility, population, and physical geography.     

Testing the decentralization effects of rail systems: Empirical findings from Israel

Many sustainable urban development approaches are based on mass public transportation ventures, especially railway development, which has been considered a panacea for the unfavorable effects of suburban development. But rail transit also improves accessibility to the fringes, thus encouraging an exodus to the suburbs. This paper explores suburbanization and sprawling effect of commuter rail transit on the rural exurbia of the Tel Aviv metropolis by analyzing its effect on residential location decisions. The findings indicate that the suburban rail system was a determinant factor in the location choice of households which migrated from the inner parts of the Tel Aviv metropolis, since it allowed them to maintain strong commuting connections to their residential origin. This suggests that rail transit, along with its potential to strengthen the inner cities, also accelerates suburbanization and counter urbanization.