Review of containership stowage plans for full routes

Containership stowage plans are a pivotal teaches in the system of container transportation. With the increasing containers shipping, planning containership stowage has become more and more complicated. So intelligent stowage planning for containerships is of great significance. An effective stowage plan may improve efficiency of transportation system. First, the progress of containership stowage plan at home and abroad is reviewed, including the latest developments, such as the application of various optimization methods and computer techniques to the problem. Then, the complexities of the problem are discussed and areas where investigations are still needed are pointed out. This will provide a reference for further research on the subject.     

Modelling and optimisation of online container stacking with operational constraints

Container transportation plays a critical role in the global shipping network and container terminals need to improve their operations to increase efficiency. Storage yard of a container terminal is a temporary area where the containers stay until they are shipped to their next destination. We concentrate on increasing the efficiency of the storage yard by developing online stacking policies for each incoming container. An unproductive move of a container, performed to reach another container stored underneath, is called reshuffling. The objective in container stacking problem is to minimise the number of reshuffles, thereby increasing the efficiency of terminal operations. Additional weight-related operational constraints bring additional complexity to the online stacking decisions. We propose a mathematical model for the optimal online assignment of an incoming export, transit, import or empty container. We also propose an optimal online stacking policy and compare it with a random policy through simulation. Additionally, lower bounds for the performance measures are obtained through simulation by relaxing the operational constraints of the problem in a third stacking policy. We present and discuss the computational results in terms of four main performance measures.     

基于支持向量机的集装箱船航次配箱量的预测方法

集装箱船航次配箱量预测对集装箱码头管理和集装箱船配载具有重要意义。首先利用支持向量机(SVM)理论建立非线性回归模型,然后分析影响航次配箱量的因素,利用历史数据作为学习预测的样本,用训练好的回归模型对新的数据进行预测。实际计算结果表明:同BP神经网络预测模型相比,该预测模型具有良好的泛化能力及准确的预测结果。     

Model and algorithm for container ship stowage planning based on bin-packing problem

In a general case, container ship serves many different ports on each voyage. A stowage planning for container ship made at one port must take account of the influence on subsequent ports. So the complexity of stowage planning problem increases due to its multi-ports nature. This problem is NP-hard problem. In order to reduce the computational complexity, the problem is decomposed into two sub-problems in this paper. First, container ship stowage problem （CSSP） is regarded as “packing problem”, ship-bays on the board of vessel are regarded as bins, the number of slots at each bay are taken as capacities of bins, and containers with different characteristics （homogeneous containers group） are treated as items packed. At this stage, there are two objective functions, one is to minimize the number of bays packed by containers and the other is to minimize the number of overstows. Secondly, containers assigned to each bays at first stage are allocate to special slot, the objective functions are to minimize the metacentric height, heel and overstows. The taboo search heuristics algorithm are used to solve the subproblem. The main focus of this paper is on the first subproblem. A case certifies the feasibility of the model and algorithm.     

2500TEU内贸集装箱船船型开发设计

针对内贸箱船货运近海航行,重箱化及散货集装箱化的需求,对2500TEU级内贸箱船船型的开发思路与各方面的特点作了介绍。该船型具有低航速、大载重吨、高装箱率、快捷牢靠堆装系统的特点,目前已成功升级了第二代2500TEU船型。     

Strategic trade-off between vessel delay and schedule recovery: an empirical analysis of container liner shipping

In this paper, we empirically test the relationship between the delay of containerships and the scheduled operations in a terminal, based on a dataset containing information on 352 containership arrivals during a 9-month period at seven terminals of three North American ports. We find that a vessel is less likely to be delayed when there are more operations scheduled shortly (up to 3 days) after the vessel’s berthing window in the terminal. Moreover, we also find that the more containers a vessel needs to unload in the terminal, the less likely that it would be delayed. Both findings support the hypothesis that liners strategically balance the trade-off between delay cost and schedule recovery cost.     

集装箱船舶实配过程的遗传算法解决策略

本文基于模糊优选的多目标优化遗传算法和隔离小生境技术的多峰函数优化遗传算法,建立了集箱船舶实配模型。计算机模拟的结构表明,计算结果符合工程要求,具有推广应用价值。     

3C技术在集装箱码头生产中的应用

3C技术改造目标是在现存集装箱码头生产MIS系统基础上，实现全码头生产资源管理的无纸化和无缝隙的数据通讯；实现堆场集装箱定位数据的自动核检；实现堆场轮胎吊作业的动态追踪和码头生产作业链上的全程实时调度管理。经过改造后，露天作业的虚拟现实及远程管理的可视化使得中心调度、现场调度和轮胎吊司机的工作方便快捷、和谐有序。该项目可降低堆场仓储成本6％，提高码头生产效率15％。实践证明，3C技术改造是我国集装箱码头实现港口机械化、信息化和自动化的途径之一。     

无舱盖集装箱船（HCS）完整稳性的计算研究

在进行７００ＴＥＵ无舱盖集装箱的常规集装箱船方案设计的基础上，可两船型的完整稳性作了对比研究。结果表明：从满足稳性的要求出发，无舱盖集装箱船可以多装载集装箱的数量为总箱数的５％￣１０％，经济效益明显，本文还从满足无舱盖集装箱船货舱进水后稳性的残存衡准出发，探讨了确定排水舷口高度的方法。     

集装箱安全系固新要求

为给参与甲板集装箱系固操作的人员提供安全的工作环境,国际海事组织（IMO）推出集装箱安全系固的新要求,包含安全通道布置、照明布置、系固设备设计、系固人员培训及系固操作与维护程序等内容。该要求的实施将给集装箱船的设计建造带来一定的影响。基于此,对集装箱安全系固的新要求进行介绍,并对集装箱设计及布置中影响最大的安全通道的内容进行详细分析。以实际在建的集装箱船为例,验证新要求实施后带来的影响。在充分实施新要求以保障操作人员安全的前提下,提出对船舶布置的优化设计建议。     

混合蚁群算法求解集装箱箱位分配问题

集装箱船配载过程中的重要环节是合理的箱位分配,它对保证集装箱船装载后的航行性能及其码头装箱效率有重要的影响.随着集装箱船的大型化及待装船箱量的增加,该问题的求解较为困难.结合集装箱船配载中箱位分配的实际操作特点,提出了利用与禁忌算法相结合的混合蚁群算法来求解集装箱的箱位分配问题.仿真模拟试验表明该算法能够在不影响装箱难度的同时,大幅提高集装箱装船后船舶的航行性能.     

Empty container reposition planning for intra-Asia liner shipping

This paper addresses empty container reposition planning by plainly considering safety stock management and geographical regions. This plan could avoid drawback in practice which collects mass empty containers at a port then repositions most empty containers at a time. Empty containers occupy slots on vessel and the liner shipping company loses chance to yield freight revenue. The problem is drawn up as a two-stage problem. The upper problem is identified to estimate the empty container stock at each port and the lower problem models the empty container reposition planning with shipping service network as the Transportation Problem by Liner Problem. We looked at case studies of the Taiwan Liner Shipping Company to show the application of the proposed model. The results show the model provides optimization techniques to minimize cost of empty container reposition and to provide an evidence to adjust strategy of restructuring the shipping service network.     

Experimental and numerical study of containership responses in severe head seas

An accurate determination of the global load effects in a ship is vital for the design of the vessel. This paper addresses an experimental and numerical study of containership responses in severe head seas. Experimental results were obtained using a flexible model of a containership of newer design. The experiments showed that, taking hull flexibility into account, the fourth and sixth harmonic of the vertical bending moments had a maximum value of between 25% and 50% of the first harmonic. We also demonstrated that hull flexibility can increase the vertical bending moment by up to 35% in sea states relevant for design. Comparisons of moments found experimentally with results from a nonlinear hydroelastic strip theory method showed that the effect of nonlinearities on the rigid body moments was slightly over-predicted in the aft body. The method also tends to over-predict the increase of the bending moments due to hull flexibility. In general however, the numerical results compared reasonably well with the experimental ones.     

A reactive container rerouting model for container flow recovery in a hub-and-spoke liner shipping network

This paper focuses on the container rerouting due to a disruption, aims at making the optimal container flow recovery plan for the affected liner shipping company. First, we make the initial effort to bring up with a basic framework of disruption management for liner shipping. Second, we present a compact integer linear programming model for addressing the container rerouting problem under the proposed framework in a hub-and-spoke liner shipping network, based on a given recovery vessel schedule that determines to omit a port of call. Other shipping companies’ services and other modes (roadway, railway, and airline) as candidate alternative means to transport the miss-connected containers are also incorporated in the proposed model. The container flow recovery plan would select the optimal alternative paths for the miss-connected containers balancing the trade-off between container transport costs and delivery delay penalty costs. Finally, a case study from a global liner shipping company is investigated and the computational results indicate the model can be solved effectively and efficiently for the real-scale problem. Thus, the proposed approach in this paper can supply real-time decision support tool for the liner shipping operators on handling the process of container flow recovery.     

基于一个二维水弹塑性方法和极限强度评估的集装箱船结构优化研究

海上极端波过去常常导致船舶结构的极限破坏,而船舶的极限崩溃涉及到船体结构的动态极限强度和结构非线性.该文通过二维的水弹塑性方法研究了集装箱船在极端波中的非线性动态强度,该方法考虑了船体的极限强度以及船体结构的非线性和波浪之间的耦合.并通过该二维水弹塑性方法和极限评估方法研究了船体结构的结构优化.文中还通过二次规划法(SQP)来优化基于非线性的动态强度的集装箱船体结构.最少的结构成本是本优化的目标函数,约束条件保证船体的强度要小于结构的极限强度,并且结构设计尺寸要满足规范的要求.随着设计波高的变化,这些优化的设计变量的变化趋势得以发现,一些研究的结论可用于船舶规范的参考.     

集装箱船的大型化开发及其引发的问题

首先概要介绍近年来世界集装箱船大型化的发展，接着分析指出，远洋运输成本低廉是集装箱船大型化发展的驱动力，然后提出大型化发展中出现的3个问题值得讨论。第一个问题是大型化发展受港口航道水深、码头装卸机械等条件制约。第二个问题是设计制造超大型集装箱船的主机不易。最后一个问题是，为解决超大型集装箱船的巨量货物的“集疏运”，必须开发电子信息技术。作者最后提出，21世纪初对大型集装箱船的箱量定位应为8000标准箱。     

Use of 3D compartment model for simplified full ship FE model. Part I: construction of FE model

Classification societies cannot cover the torsional strength assessment with simple empirical formula as the size of a containership increases drastically over 10 000 TEU in recent years. Torsional strength of a container ship is very difficult to estimate with an analytical method due to its alternatively varying cross sections, i. e. an open and a closed section. This article proposes an approach to construct a simplified FE model using a 3D compartment model available from the beginning of ship design process. The model is cut to pieces of lots of small pieces of lines by a set of transverse, longitudinal and horizontal planes. Two algorithms are developed for mesh generation of internal structures; one for assembling the broken lines into closed loops and the other for automatically generating mesh from the loops. Another algorithm is proposed to generate mesh for outer hull using outermost nodes of the FE model built for internal members. The validity of the simplified model is discussed along with a beam theory based approach in J Mar Sci Technol (2008)     

集装箱码头堆场适应性分析

分析影响集装箱码头堆场适应能力的各种因素，解释不同类型集装箱码头陆域面积差异的原因．提出解决大型集装箱码头堆场面积不足的思路和方法。     

双起升岸桥起升减速箱轴承损坏浅析

为解决双起升岸桥起升减速箱轴承损坏的问题,对起升减速箱轴承进行计算.分析碎裂的主要原因.提出在设计时对轴承寿命计算改进的建议.     

船舶冷藏集装箱节能技术研究

海运冷藏集装箱的节能问题日益引起人们的关注，集装箱节能可以从冷机机组和箱体维护结构两个方面综合考虑。本文是在实验室条件下，通过模拟和理论计算，采用变频技术，利用高绝热保温材料真空绝热板对集装箱箱体结构进行改造，在不影响箱体安全的情况下尽量减少漏热量，并根据集装箱箱内温度场的分布情况选择合理的货物堆放方式，可以达到有效节能的目的。