A proposed quantitative methodology for the evaluation of the effectiveness of Human Element,Leadership and Management (HELM) training in the UK

In 2006, a review of maritime accidents found that non-technical skills (NTSs) are the single largest contributing factor towards such incidents. NTSs are composed of both interpersonal and cognitive elements. These include things such as situational awareness, teamwork, decision making, leadership, management and communication skills. In a crisis situation, good NTSs allow a deck officer to quickly recognise that a problem exists and then harness the resources that are at their disposal to safely and efficiently bring the situation back under control. This paper has two aims. The first is to develop a methodology which will enable educators to quantitatively assess the impact of Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA)-approved Human Element, Leadership and Management (HELM) training on deck officer’s NTSs with a view to identifying further training requirements. The second is to determine whether the HELM training provided to develop the NTSs of trainee deck officers is fit for purpose. To achieve these aims, a three-phase approach was adopted. Initially, a taxonomy for deck officer’s NTSs is established, behavioural markers are identified and the relative importance of each attribute is calculated using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Subsequently, a set of scenarios were identified for the assessment of deck officer’s NTSs in a ship bridge simulator environment. A random selection of students that have completed the Chief Mate (CM) programme was performed, and data regarding their NTS-related performance in the scenarios was collected. Finally, the collected data was fed into the evidential reasoning (ER) algorithm, utility values were produced and, having established these values, the effectiveness of the HELM training that the students have received was then evaluated.     

Maritime legislation: new areas for safety of life at sea

This study reveals areas where IMO regulations of safety of life at sea can be improved upon. After examination of 5389 mortality and 3559 accident cases of UK seamen and 6878 fatalities of worldwide seamen, it finds fatalities due to personal accidents on board ship constitute ~90% of all mortality cases. Therefore, prevention of personal accidents should be given a higher priority. It reveals also that accidents involving coastal (domestic) ferries were another concern in the safety of life in shipping, e.g. in 1996 alone more than 2562 fatalities occurred in this sector. As a case study, the nationalities of 364 deceased seamen in bulk carrier disasters (1990?1998) are identified. Fatalities to British and worldwide seamen are based on the data obtained from various sources. However, fatalities to seamen working on board open registry ships are the best estimation, based on the information available to the authors.     

Maritime legislation: new areas for safety of life at sea

This study reveals areas where IMO regulations of safety of life at sea can be improved upon. After examination of 5389 mortality and 3559 accident cases of UK seamen and 6878 fatalities of worldwide seamen, it finds fatalities due to personal accidents on board ship constitute ～90% of all mortality cases. Therefore, prevention of personal accidents should be given a higher priority. It reveals also that accidents involving coastal (domestic) ferries were another concern in the safety of life in shipping, e.g. in 1996 alone more than 2562 fatalities occurred in this sector. As a case study, the nationalities of 364 deceased seamen in bulk carrier disasters (1990–1998) are identified. Fatalities to British and worldwide seamen are based on the data obtained from various sources. However, fatalities to seamen working on board open registry ships are the best estimation, based on the information available to the authors.     

考虑细长杆件不同坠落角度的海洋平台甲板损伤预报方法

[目的]在海洋平台吊装作业中,因吊机设备老化以及违规操作等而造成的坠物事故在海洋平台作业中时有发生,其中在杆件结构,如套管、钻铤等设备方面的问题最为常见,因杆件坠落时接触面积小,常会导致板架结构的损伤破坏.[方法]选取细长杆件坠物撞击甲板结构的场景开展结构损伤研究.在此基础上,考虑坠落角度对结构损伤的影响,确定结构损伤...     

Code of behaviour at sea: women seafarers’ shipboard identity management

The employment of women on cargo ships, particularly at officer’s level, is paid more attention in order to supplement the shortage of qualified officers. However, seafaring jobs are still overwhelmingly dominated by men, and there seems to be gender-related challenges for women in such work environment. Women seafarers in this research are those who work in the ship operational sections on cargo ships as deck officers, engineers or radio officers. A total of 36 female and 8 male seafarers from eight different countries participated in the project and shared their experiences of working on board ships. The research revealed that the occupational culture of seafaring often reflects masculine norms and values which could affect women seafarers’ behaviour and attitudes. This paper further explores how women manage such situations on board by utilising various strategies in order to avoid gender-related problems. This study identifies a typical pattern of women seafarers’ identity management and creates a model of women’s strategic shifting patterns over time.     

船舶工程技术专业士官生培养方案研究

结合2012年我国海军首次在普通高职高专院校开展直招士官生工作,兼顾军政教育、军事训练、航海技术、船舶工程技术、考证培训、技能实训等教学环节,根据实际工作中遇到的问题,讨论船舶工程技术专业士官生培养方案制定。     

渤海客滚船火灾事故原因分析及管理对策

对客滚船安全管理的规律性进行研究,可以提高管理的针对性和科学性,进一步降低各种不安全因素对客滚船航行安全的影响,防止和减少客滚船事故的发生,为全面提升客滚船航行安全系数提供事实和理论分析依据。针对近年来渤海客滚船事故的种类和起因进行了较为全面的统计,对占渤海客滚船事故比例最大的火灾事故发生的原因进行了分析。在此基础上,结合日常对客滚船管理的实际经验,指出了渤海客滚船火灾事故在船舶管理、火灾预防和控制、客滚船结构设计上存在的对火灾事故的预防和控制等方面暴露出的问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的安全管理对策。     

试论水上交通事故预防预控的关键

文中从人、船及环境三个方面对长江张家港段水上交通事故进行归纳分析和论述，论述突破传统观念，提出海轮行为是碰撞事故预防预控的关键因素等理念，旨在对避免事故发生有所促进，并奢望对整个长江江苏段水上交通安全能有所裨益。     

Causes of casualties and the regulation of occupational health and safety in the shipping industry

The aim of this paper is to investigate maritime safety from an occupational hazards perspective as opposed to a maritime casualty perspective. It is recognised that safety in shipping should encompass casualties arising from accidents occurring in the course of performing normal seafaring duties, not just those arising from technical defects or maritime disasters. The paper discusses an investigation involving a survey of 19 flag states and two detailed studies of records kept at the Hong Kong and Singapore maritime administrations. The results indicate that occupational accidents account for a significant proportion of fatalities at sea. The statistics presented specify the ship types that are most at risk, as well as the types of occupational hazards that can most frequently lead to accidents and fatalities. The results of this study indicate voids in the process of investigating fatalities that relate to occupational accidents. These results also indicate inadequate investigation of events and causes. The creation of a database of such information could potentially be used for the development of appropriate regulations that could prevent fatal and non-fatal occupational accidents through regulatory processes.     

夏热冬冷地区重交通钢桥面铺装技术应用

夏热冬冷地区重交通钢桥面铺装对钢板防护、混合料高温稳定性和低温抗裂性要求较高,同时需兼顾沥青混合料的耐久性和施工和易性。通过对全国典型钢桥面铺装的调研和分析,判断沙尔沁互通立交钢桥面浇注式沥青混凝土铺装设计的合理性,通过关键施工控制措施,使该种铺装结构在沙尔沁互通立交顺利实施。     

两起船舶碰撞事故的调查和思考

基于对两起船舶碰撞事故的调查,分析导致碰撞发生的各种因素,指出当值船员责任心差和对航行规则的误解是导致事故发生的根本原因,提出船东应对船员进行有针对性的培训,以提高船员的工作责任心和工作技能,以期避免类似事故的发生。     

两种强力甲板结构形式在大变形损伤状态下的极限强度分析

针对2种不同强力甲板结构形式的舰船,应用ABAQUS非线性有限元分析工具,计算舰体在强力甲板大变形损伤状态下的总纵极限承载能力.采用冲击动载荷来模拟得到结构的大变形损伤状态,并将其作为初始状态进行极限承载能力分析.分析结果表明,纵向箱形梁这种新型强力甲板结构形式相比常规强力甲板结构形式,在大变形损伤下舰体总纵极限承载能力等方面具有显著的优越性.     

关于对水上交通事故责任人进行刑事追究的探讨

文中针对部分构成交通肇事罪的水上交通事故由于种种原因仍一定程度上存在以行政处罚“代替”刑事处罚的现象,结合实际,从水上交通事故中的责任人刑事责任追究的法律依据、案件移送、实例探讨、目前水上交通事故刑责追究工作存在的不足及建议等方面进行了简要分析。     

论船舶溢油污染及应急反应

近年来油船的数量和吨位越来越大,油船进出港口次数日渐增加,船舶发生海损事故的几率也随之增加。由于船舶碰撞等海难事故而发生的溢油,也成为海域污染的主要污染源之一。目前我国的海上溢油应急防治能力还是较低的,与国际上相关先进成果相比,理论和实用性方面均有一定差距,提高海上溢油应急反应能力刻不容缓。     

Green water loading on a floating structure with degree of freedom effects

The aim of the present work is to investigate whether the degree of freedom (DOF) of a floating body has a notable effect on the maximum impact pressure due to green water on deck. The analysis is carried out for a box-shaped floating structure with a deckhouse, using experimental and numerical means to model the green water load. Green water on deck and impact on the deckhouse is generated by the impingement of a focusing wave group on a floating structure. Computations are performed using a two-dimensional constrained interpolation profile-based model solving the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations with free surface boundary condition to deal with nonlinear water–structure interactions. The free surface is captured by a volume of fluid (VOF)-type tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing/slope weighting (THINC/SW), which is more accurate than the original THINC scheme. The verifications of the simulation through a series of model-to-model comparisons are performed in a two-dimensional glass-wall wave tank. Experimental water surface elevations, body motions and impact pressure are compared satisfactorily with the computed results for different DOFs cases. As a result, the peak impact pressure due to green water decreases rapidly with the increasing DOF.     

Comparison of vibration response prediction on the main deck of a catamaran using experimental,numerical and correlated mode shapes

This work analyses the influence of three types of modal matrices on the prediction of vibration response (virtual sensing), at unmeasured degree of freedoms (DOFs), on a catamaran’s main deck: (1) uncorrelated finite element (FE), (2) correlated FE and (3) experimental modal matrices.A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) framework was developed to handle the optimization and prediction processes. This framework introduces a new metric called Time–Frequency-Error Response Assurance Criteria (TFERAC) to assess the prediction quality. This metric also allows estimating the best set of modal acceleration vectors, which is a critical step in the virtual sensing process.As a case study, only 06 accelerometers and 13 vibration modes (within each modal matrix) were used in the virtual sensing. The MOGA framework’s performance was evaluated using a variance analysis test (ANOVA) between measured and predicted response signals.Results showed that: (1) any one of the modal matrices could be used successfully for virtual sensing on the main deck, that is, there is no need to use correlated FE or experimental modal matrices; (2) the newly proposed metric TFERAC leads to smaller errors in the prediction of both vibration time series and vibration spectra;(3) it is possible to perform a virtual sensing on a ship’s main deck using a limited number of sensors and a numerical modal matrix without being correlated with experimental data.     

Generalized F distribution model with random parameters for estimating property damage cost in maritime accidents

ABSTRACT

This study develops a generalized F distribution model with random parameters to estimate the ship property damage cost in maritime traffic accidents with 10 years’ shipping accident data in the Fujian waters. Model results show that sinking and capsizing can incur the largest property damage cost, followed by collisions, contact, grounding and fire/explosion. There is a smaller ship property damage cost when the ship is moored or docked. The poor visibility has the least impact on the increment of ship property damage cost. Results reveal that the bigger property damage cost is associated with maritime accidents occurring in the Straits/sea areas and under the strong wind/wave condition and nighttime periods. It is also found that the lookout failure exhibits a bigger effect than the operation error. These results are helpful for policy makers to make efficient strategies for reducing property damage cost in maritime accidents. The developed model is useful for insurance companies in determining the appropriate ship insurance rates.     

对我国《船舶交通事故统计规则》中事故分类的再设计

通过对比我国与IMO对船舶事故分类类别和各类事故定义的不同,指出我国《船舶交通事故统计规则》中事故分类存在的缺陷,并对船舶交通事故类别进行了重新划分。     

船上作业安全生产及劳动保护

船舶修造市场作为一个具有技术市场前景的行业,船上作业安全生产与劳动保护工作尤为重要。为加强船上作业劳动保护工作,现结合案例对船上作业安全生产事故进行分析,并从法律、防护用品、教育培训、工会监管、企业管理等方面提出劳动保护措施。     

基于AIS人员落水应急示位系统的研究与实现

历年来,船上人员落水事故频繁发生,如果不能确定落水人员的确切位置,搜救工作很难进行。针对这一现象,研究并实现了基于 AIS 的人员落水应急示位系统,系统应用AIS（自动识别系统）和GPS（全球定位系统）两种技术,能够及时向岸上AIS基站以及配备有AIS装备的船舶发送求救信号,该信号可较为准确地给出落水人员现处位置并实时监测其位置变化。这两项技术的应用使得该系统比传统的救生装置速度更快、效率更高,为搜救人员提供更可靠的信息,从而大大减少搜救人员的工作量,降低因人员落水造成的伤亡事件的发生率。