船用柴油机双燃料系统设计及其特性

随着排放法规的日趋严苛和运输市场竞争日益激烈,为降低航运业运营成本、保护环境,船舶发动机燃油系统不断被改进,双燃料发动机以其污染更少、燃料价格较低, 成为研究热点。本文介绍了一种新的船用柴油天然气双燃料系统,并为系统设计了性能可靠控气精准的组合喷射阀。为了提高系统适应性,设计了通过T-S模糊控制算法处理油耗和转速信息得出系统的天然气喷入量的控制系统,不安装限油装置,最大限度地利用了原柴油机的控制系统,通过发动机自身调节机构对引燃柴油量调节,安装简单方便。在台架实验中,双燃料发动机的替代率随着转速的升高逐渐增大,在额定转速（负荷）点工作时,替代率达到了73%,费用节省率达到了31%,运行可靠稳定。     

节能减排环保背景下的船用双燃料柴油机发展研究

船用天然气/柴油双燃料柴油机是一种具有良好发展前景的节能减排环保船用动力设备。从船用双燃料柴油机发展的时代背景,发展趋势及天然气燃料的优势,包括国内外船用柴油机发展趋势、船用双燃料柴油机的发展前景、船用天然气燃料的优势;船用双燃料柴油机及其子系统研究;船用双燃料柴油机的国内发展现状等方面,对节能减排环保背景下的船用双燃料柴油机发展进行了研究。     

船用纯甲醇发动机燃料喷射系统的设计研究

鉴于节能减排和能源危机双重压力,绿色船舶已成为未来船舶的发展方向。甲醇以其清洁、环保、可再生、可获取性强等诸多优势,已跻身未来船用燃料C位。然而,在世界范围内,船用纯甲醇发动机研究尚处于探索阶段。以船用柴油喷射系统为改装对象,通过比较甲醇与柴油的物化特性,指出纯甲醇燃料喷射系统设计开发中面临的技术难题,并提出解决方案,为船用纯甲醇发动机研究提供指导和借鉴。     

大型商船燃蒸柴联合循环动力系统设计与分析

以17万m^3液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)运输船为母型船,选取LM2500燃气轮机为主动力装置,联合蒸汽轮机和2台W?rtsil?12V34DF双燃料柴油机,设计出一套燃-蒸-柴联合循环动力系统。利用Aspen HYSYS软件模拟系统流程,经模拟与分析计算,该系统的设计方案合理可行,并得出燃气轮机负荷下的燃气轮机发电效率及其输出效率、燃蒸联合发电效率及其系统输出效率,各系统参数随燃气轮机负荷的增大呈现不同幅度的增大。将该系统的系统输出效率与柴油机的动力系统输出效率进行对比分析,结果表明:在理想工况下,两种系统的系统输出效率相当;在定速工况下,该系统的系统输出效率与柴油机的系统输出效率相比略低,而燃气轮机的NOx、SOx排放量较小,满足新公约要求。因此,该系统有很好的船舶实际应用价值。     

邮轮上固体氧化物燃料电池装置的案例研究（英文）

The work is a case study of a cruise ship supplied by liquefied natural gas(LNG) and equipped with a solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC).It is supposed that a 20 MW SOFC plant is installed on-board to supply hotel loads and assisting three dual-fuel(DF) diesel/LNG generator sets.LNG consumption and emissions are estimated both for the SOFC plant and DF generator sets.It results that the use of LNG-SOFC plant in comparison to DF generator sets allows to limit significantly the SO_x,CO,NO_x,PM emissions and to reduce the emission of CO_2 by about 11%.A prediction of the weight and volume of the SOFC plant is conducted and a preliminary modification of the general arrangement of the cruise ship is suggested,according to the latest international rules.It results that the SOFC plant is heavier and occupies more volume on board than a DF gen-set;nevertheless,these features do not affect the floating and the stability of the cruise ship.     

混合动力电动船舶模糊逻辑控制策略

混合动力电动船舶对于纯电动船舶具有较好的续航能力,适用于航线较长且具有随机性的船舶工况,同时对于工程作业船舶工况其可以降低柴油发电机为动力的工程作业船舶柴油机功率,减少燃油消耗与排放。本文分析了上述两种不同船舶工况特点,并针对该工况采用串联式混合动力结构作为船舶动力系统结构并根据工况需求设计了相应的模糊逻辑控制策略。运用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明,所设计串联式混合动力系统及其模糊逻辑控制策略能够在上述两种船舶工况下实现控制要求。     

Analysis of Efficiency of the Ship Propulsion System with Thermochemical Recuperation of Waste Heat

One of the basic ways to reduce polluting emissions of ship power plants is application of innovative devices for on-board energy generation by means of secondary energy resources. The combined gas turbine and diesel engine plant with thermochemical recuperation of the heat of secondary energy resources has been considered. It is suggested to conduct the study with the help of mathematical modeling methods. The model takes into account basic physical correlations, material and thermal balances, phase equilibrium, and heat and mass transfer processes. The paper provides the results of mathematical modeling of the processes in a gas turbine and diesel engine power plant with thermochemical recuperation of the gas turbine exhaust gas heat by converting a hydrocarbon fuel. In such a plant, it is possible to reduce the specific fuel consumption of the diesel engine by 20%. The waste heat potential in a gas turbine can provide efficient hydrocarbon fuel conversion at the ratio of powers of the diesel and gas turbine engines being up to 6. When the diesel engine and gas turbine operate simultaneously with the use of the LNG vapor conversion products, the efficiency coefficient of the plant increases by 4%–5%.     

渔船中速柴油机燃用重油的粘度控制系统

重油价格低廉,渔船柴油机燃用重油可大大降低船舶营运成本,但由于重油的粘度大,在喷油时无法正常雾化而影响柴油机正常运行,因此,对渔船中速柴油机燃用的重油,必须设置加热设备对重油加热进行降低粘度的自动控制,文章介绍渔船燃用重油时其粘度控制的一种方法及其系统,即采用主机排出的废气加热低温淡水,而产生的热水送入电锅炉,电锅炉产生的蒸汽用于加热重油,同时实现了废热回收利用。     

Thermodynamic analysis of alternative marine fuels for marine gas turbine power plants

The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization and National Environmental Agencies of many countries have issued rules and regulations to drastically reduce GHG and emissions emanating from marine sources. This study investigates the possibility of using natural gas and hydrogen as alternative fuels to diesel oil for marine gas turbines and uses a mathematical model to assess the effect of these alternative fuels on gas turbine thermodynamic performance. Results show that since natural gas is categorized as a hydrocarbon fuel, the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycle using natural gas was close to that of the diesel case. However, the gas turbine thermal efficiency was found to be slightly lower for natural gas and hydrogen fuels compared to diesel fuel.     

船用燃气轮机动力装置替代燃料的热力学分析（英文）

The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases(GHGs) from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization and National Environmental Agencies of many countries have issued rules and regulations to drastically reduce GHG and emissions emanating from marine sources. This study investigates the possibility of using natural gas and hydrogen as alternative fuels to diesel oil for marine gas turbines and uses a mathematical model to assess the effect of these alternative fuels on gas turbine thermodynamic performance. Results show that since natural gas is categorized as a hydrocarbon fuel, the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycle using natural gas was close to that of the diesel case. However, the gas turbine thermal efficiency was found to be slightly lower for natural gas and hydrogen fuels compared to diesel fuel.     

PA6-280柴油机的变工况多目标配气正时优化计算

建立了柴油机废气涡轮前的燃气能量和燃油消耗率的综合评价函数，采用多目标优化的方法，对PA6-280柴油机的进排气正时进行了优化计算，分析了配气正时的调控对柴油机性能的影响。     

船用LNG移动燃料罐箱的安全放散系统研究设计

本文简要介绍了上海航盛船舶设计有限公司自主研发设计的新加坡首艘LNG/柴油双燃料动力港作拖轮的LNG移动燃料罐箱系统的设计背景及其主要性能参数,主要叙述了该项目LNG燃料移动燃料储罐的装载极限及其安全放散系统的关键技术的研究设计。     

W6X35型船用低速柴油机的研制

根据柴油机燃烧理论,应用电控技术,优化燃油系统,提高伺服油的工作压力,采用新一代CLU5气缸润滑技术和新一代柴油机控制系统——"UNIC控制系统",实现柴油机的全电子智能控制,从而实现在满足最新排放的要求下,提高其经济性、可靠性、操纵灵活性和延长使用寿命。     

船用柴油机燃油管系减振研究

为解决某船用柴油机燃油管系低压管路振动强烈问题,实船测量了燃油管路和主机振动、燃油脉冲压力和管路固有频率,确定喷油泵柱塞间隙性进、回油诱导管路内燃油压力脉动是激励管路振动的主要原因。从结构和流体两个角度分析了管系减振的方法,通过加焊马脚改变管系的刚度和加装阻尼器降低燃油脉冲强度两种方法来降低管路的振动。试验结果表明,两种方法皆有效地降低了管路的振动,特别是阻尼器从源头降低燃油脉冲能量的减振效果更明显。     

港口燃油动力设备节能减排技术

我国集装箱运输业的快速发展,极大地推动了港口起重运输设备的技术进步,每年会有更多的起重运输设备投入到港口使用,也会有一大批高耗能高排放的老旧设备面临淘汰,有关港口高耗能高排放燃油动力设备的节能减排问题会日益凸显。本文分析了国内外港口燃油动力设备的能耗和排放现状,以及相关节能减排技术的发展和研究情况,对使用生物柴油、油改气、混合动力改造、开发节能环保型新产品等节能减排技术措施进行了分析研究,为港口燃油动力流动机械节能减排工作的开展提供一些切实可行的技术措施。     

船用发电柴油机排气温度过高故障判断及处理

大型老旧船上的发电柴油机排气温度过高是有代表性的频发故障之一,不仅影响柴油机运行的可靠性和安全性,而且大大降低了船舶营运燃油的经济性。利用故障因素排查法,找出轮机发电柴油机故障检测手册中未提及的故障因素,修复后的发电柴油机其功率较检测手册中的传统修复方法提高了约35%。     

船舶低硫柴油系统设计的分析与优化

就新辟航线首制船“汉亚直达”集装箱船的低硫柴油系统,叙述了船舶低硫柴油系统的设计经验,从当前国内外对船用燃油硫含量的要求、应对方案到船舶低硫柴油冷却方式选择、低硫柴油冷却系统设计、高/低硫柴油转换、使用低硫柴油风险分析及处理等方面进行详细叙述,为业内同行提供参考。     

柴油机烟气排放状况及减排技术

基于国际海事组织对船舶柴油机烟气中NOx、SOx等有害成份的排放控制要求,文章对这些要求以及目前正在研发和应用的技术进行了归纳和分析。SCR和EGR是2种有效降低船用柴油机氮化物的手段,根据柴油机的功率大小来选取SCR或EGR能有效平衡投资金额和解决机舱的安装问题。船舶安装脱硫装置将受到低硫燃油价格的影响,从长远看,燃用低硫燃油和各种清洁燃料将是今后的发展趋势。     

Supply and demand of new oil tankers

This paper examines the world-wide supply and demand for new oil tankers. A simultaneous supply and demand model is developed and estimated using two-stage least squares techniques and empirical data from 1972 to 1983. The relationships between tanker newbuilding orders and prices, and other relevant market factors are analysed. Major factors affecting the tanker new building market are identified. The results indicate that: oil price and second-hand tanker price are predominant factors influencing future newbuilding demand; a moderate decrease in laid-up tonnage would not induce a significant increase in newbuilding orders; shipbuilding capacity is a more influential factor for the short-run supply of new tankers than shipbuilding cost. Technological change has also played an important role in the market.     

天津港流动机械节能新技术探索

分析了天津港典型港口机械的能耗现状,指出流动机械既是港口作业的主体,又是燃油消耗的主力,提出针对流动机械的节能技术改造措施:经济环保型柴油机的技术应用和混合动力系统的应用。混合动力技术的应用是目前的研究热点。