柴油机大客车排放的机外净化技术

柴油机大客车的机外净化技术的装置主要是为了减少微粒、HC、CO和NOx等有害气体,可以采用的如下具体结构来完成：微粒捕集器和再生微粒捕集器、氧化催化转化器、NOx还原催化转化器。     

利用燃油处理器进行的主动尾气后处理技术

为了净化尾气,现代发动机常采取机内的主动净化措施,常见的有：为了使DPF（柴油机微粒捕集器）再生而进行燃油后喷、为了使NOx储存-还原催化转化器再生而进行短暂的加浓、为了迅速加热催化转化器等而通过推迟点火（甚至通过后喷来保证大幅度推迟点火）或提早开启排气门等措施来提高废气温度。这样做的缺点,首先是增加了油耗;其次,在冷发动机的某些工况通过某种手段例如后喷以推迟点火的场合,     

柴油机微粒捕集器燃油添加剂催化再生的试验研究

通过在康明斯6BT5.9发动机柴油中加入某型燃油添加剂的试验表明,添加剂能使沉积在捕集器内的微粒在300～400℃时起燃而使捕集器再生.同时分析了不同工况下,微粒累积与再生平衡温度点的变化及再生效果的优劣.对柴油机微粒捕集器再生技术的研究具有一定指导意义.     

柴油机微粒捕集器瞬态再生特性仿真

建立了基于柴油机微粒捕集器主动再生的GT-Power仿真模型,针对2 200 r/min、100%和1 400 r/min、50%两种典型工况,对捕集器瞬态再生特性进行了研究。计算结果表明：柴油机由高转速、大负荷变为低转速、小负荷的瞬态工况下,微粒捕集器再生时,载体各端温度曲线呈双峰状,载体壁面峰值温度与稳态相比大大升高;且工况变化时间越短,这种现象越明显。     

An Experimental Study on the Technology of Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration

微粒捕集器结合氧化催化器是被广泛采用的柴油机后处理技术路线.本文中设计了一套燃油雾化喷射系统,可更好地协助氧化催化器工作,将发动机的排气温度提升到微粒的起燃温度,台架验证试验结果表明,该系统能很好地实现微粒捕集器的再生.     

A Study on the Durability of Emission After-treatment System for Light-duty Diesel Vehicles

在北汽福田轻型柴油车上采用废气再循环+氧化催化器+微粒捕集器的降低柴油车排放技术路线,设计了一种燃油添加剂+起燃器+氧化催化器的微粒捕集器复合再生方案,进行了10万km耐久性试验.分析了微粒捕集器过滤效率变化规律和灰分对过滤体的影响;对比了发动机排放恶化和催化氧化剂老化对一氧化碳和碳氢化合物排放的影响;试验结果表明,催化氧化剂老化会导致排放超标,是系统应用主要难点.     

基于Boost的柴油机微粒捕集器(DPF)性能分析

柴油机微粒排放控制技术已成为柴油机技术发展中的核心之一。文中探讨了微粒捕集器的捕集机理、过滤体材料特性以及再生技术。并利用AVL Boost软件建立模型,仿真分析了发动机的排气温度和柴油机微粒捕集器(Diesel Particulate Filter,DPF)的过滤孔密度对DPF的最高温度、排气背压和排气碳烟量的影响,提出了柴油机微粒捕集器设计优化的方法。     

采用燃烧器+氧化催化器的柴油机微粒捕集器复合再生控制策略的研究

设计了一种车载全流式燃烧器,从增压柴油机的涡轮增压器取出新鲜空气,从回油管路取油供给燃烧;将该装置安装在排气管尾端使捕集器进行再生.在燃烧器和捕集器之间增加氧化催化器,实现了在发动机所有稳态工况下捕集器的复合再生.在排气背压的再生控制策略基础上,根据经验公式对背压值进行温度修正,将三维背压MAP简化为二维,提出"恒温定时"的复合再生控制策略,分析了控制策略在不同工况区域的运用,给出了再生过程分析实例.对既定的控制策略进行了实车试验,结果表明微粒排放达到了国Ⅳ标准.     

柴油机微粒捕集器催化再生技术

柴油机微粒捕集器（DPF）能降低柴油机的微粒（PM）排放量,文章提出了DPF催化再生技术方案,将氧化催化器（DOC）与DPF相结合,通过DOC催化氧化未燃HC等来提高排气温度达到微粒着火温度500～600℃,点燃微粒从而完成再生过程。以YN4100QB–1A柴油机为研究对象,对不同喷油量下的DPF升温特性进行了试验研究,试验结果表明：当喷油量大于60mL/min时,再生系统能迅速将排气温度提高到500℃以上。可变喷油量的喷油控制方案可使DPF升温平缓,降低再生造成的二次污染。     

基于添加剂和电加热的柴油机DPF再生技术研究

提出了基于添加剂和电加热的柴油机微粒捕集器再生技术,以柴油添加剂与电加热相结合的方式,利用柴油添加剂降低微粒起燃温度,再生时补充少许空气,只需少量的电能就可以点燃微粒,通过其自身火焰的蔓延来完成整个捕集器的再生。以SOFIM8140.27柴油机为对象,对微粒捕集及再生方案进行了大量试验研究,证实了该设计方案具有捕集效率高、再生可靠和车载实用等优点,能够适应我国的燃油品质。     

柴油机排气微粒捕集器燃气再生可行性研究

提出了一种新的柴油机排气微粒捕集器的再生技术 ,即利用燃气与排气中的O2 燃烧清除微粒捕集器中沉积的微粒 (PM)。根据燃气的物化特性和排气中的含O2 量 ,对这种方法的可行性进行了理论分析和试验验证 ,为解决柴油机PM排放控制提供了一条新的技术途径     

DOC辅助DPF再生的二次污染研究

在氧化型催化转换器(DOC)前端的排气管中喷入柴油,通过提高柴油机尾气温度、燃烧并去除柴油机微粒捕集器(DPF)中的PM,实现了DPF再生。对整个再生过程中尾气成分进行分析和计算,发现碳氢化合物(HC)为主要二次污染物,且排放相对较大。通过试验方法,分别研究喷油流量和喷油时DOC前端排气温度对再生过程中HC排放的影响,并依此提出保温处理、分阶段喷油和低速再生等三项优化措施。优化后再生过程中HC排放降低了68%,且燃油经济性提高了21%。     

Estimation of soot oxidation rate in DPF under carbon and non-carbon based particulate matter accumulated condition

By high particulate matter(PM) reduction performance, diesel particulate filter(DPF) is applied to almost all of modern HSDI diesel engine. PM emitted from diesel engine is consist of carbon based and non-carbon based material. Representative carbon based PM is soot. Non-carbon based PM is produced by wear of engine and exhaust component, combustion of lubrication oil and sulphur in fuel. Accumulation of non-carbon based PM affects pressure difference of DPF and thus accuracy of soot mass estimation in DPF can be lowered during normal and regeneration condition when the pressure difference caused by non-carbon based PM is not recognized correctly. Also unevenly accumulated PM inside of DPF can produce locally different exhaust gas temperature and thus it can lower accuracy of soot mass estimation during regeneration. This study focuses on estimation of soot oxidation rate not by conventional pressure difference but by exhaust gas analysis at up and downstream of DPF. Results, strong correlations between CO₂ -fuel mass ratio and soot oxidation was observed.     

影响柴油机微粒捕集器背压因素的试验研究

采用搭建的气道试验台和实车试验系统研究了影响发动机排气背压的因素,同时量化了部分发动机工况下流量、背压和温度随时间的变化关系,为再生时机的判断提供了有力的数据支持。     

柴油机后处理系统一维数值模拟

以准稳态流动的压力损失方程与传热方程为计算依据,将过滤体看成是一维单通道流动管道的集合,建立了DPF一维流动模型,模拟过滤体;以BJ493ZQ3发动机为试验用发动机,建立发动机模型,将DPF模型连接在发动机排气管尾端,集合为系统整体模型,模拟系统排气阻力。计算与试验结果都表明,固定转速,低负荷时,系统排气阻力与负荷近似呈线性关系,高负荷时,二者近似呈二次曲线关系。计算给出了柴油机加装壁流式碳化硅DPF在实际不同运行条件下的排气背压MAP图,用来标定控制器,同时为DPF的再生控制策略提供了依据。     

基于ATT7022B电能计量芯片的研究与应用

详细介绍了多功能计量芯片ATIT022B,采用该芯片与低功耗单片机STC89C51、RS-458通信电路组成的电能表,可实现防窃电、高精度、低功耗等特点,并且具有远程抄、校电表等功能。     

Carbon Deposit Incineration During Engine Flameout Using Non-Thermal Plasma Injection

In order to investigate the influence of initial regeneration temperatures on diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration, an experimental study of DPF regeneration was implemented using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, aided by exhaust waste heat after engine flameout. DPF trapping characteristics and carbon deposit mass were discussed to facilitate further data analysis and calculation. DPF regeneration was then investigated by comparison analysis of deposit removal mass, backpressure drop, and internal temperature change. The results revealed that a large amount of particulate matter (PM) was deposited in DPF with a high filtration efficiency of about 90 %. The deposit removal rate and percentage drop of the backpressure both maximized at the initial temperature of 100 °C. During DPF regeneration, the sharp rise of internal temperature indicated vigorous PM incineration and high CO₂ emission. The results successfully demonstrated DPF regeneration using non-thermal plasma injection during engine flameout, and prominent heat durability was achieved in this method.     

Effects of Residual Ash on Dpf Capture and Regeneration

To study the effects of residual ash on the capture and regeneration of a diesel particulate filter (DPF), repeated capture and complete regeneration experiments were conducted. An engine exhaust particulate sizer was used to measure the particle size distribution of diesel in the front and back of DPF. Discrepancies in the size distribution of the particulate matter in repeated trapping tests were analyzed. To achieve complete DPF regeneration, a DPF regeneration system using nonthermal plasma technology was established. The regeneration carbon removal mass and peak temperatures of DPF internal measuring points were monitored to evaluate the effect of regeneration. The mechanism explaining the influence of residual ash on DPF capture and regeneration was thoroughly investigated. Results indicate that the DPF trapping efficiencies of the nuclear-mode particles and ultrafine particles have significant improvements with the increase quantity of residual ash, from 90 % and 96.01 % to 94.17 % and 97.27 %, respectively. The exhaust backpressure of the DPF rises from 9.41 kPa to 11.24 kPa. Heat transfer in the DPF is improved with ash, and the peak temperatures of the measuring points accordingly increase. By comparing the regeneration trials, the elapsed time for complete regeneration and time difference for reaching the peak temperature between adjacent reaction interfaces are extended with increased quantity of ash. The carbon removal mass rises by 34.00 %.     

柴油机排气颗粒物捕集器的发展

柴油机在轻型车辆上使用的日趋普遍,使得柴油机排放气体中的颗粒物后处理成为研究热点。颗粒物捕集器是解决柴油机排气颗粒污染最有效的后处理技术。针对目前国内颗粒物捕集器的使用情况,论述了柴油机排气颗粒物捕集器过滤材料和过滤体再生技术近年来的研究现状,介绍了近年来过滤材料和过滤体再生技术结合良好的几种颗粒物捕集器,提出了颗粒物捕集器今后的研究方向。