基于设计波法的FPSO全船有限元分析

为了准确评估FPSO的结构强度及变形水平,采用谱分析法对FPSO剖面波浪载荷进行长期预报并确定设计波参数,对FPSO进行全船有限元直接计算,并将波浪载荷预报值与规范值进行对比。结果表明:全船分析充分考虑了局部载荷对结构响应的影响,真实反映了FPSO整体的变形和应力水平,船体结构满足强度要求,波浪载荷预报值比规范值大60%。设计波法克服了传统经验公式估算载荷带来的结果偏差。     

LNG船纵骨端部表面裂纹疲劳扩展寿命计算

基于断裂力学的裂纹扩展方法预报液舱纵骨端部的疲劳寿命。采用有限元软件对液舱纵骨端部节点处表面裂纹应力强度因子进行系列计算,并在BS7910经验公式的基础上拟合出趾端的应力强度因子修正系数经验公式。将采用该公式得到的结果与有限元计算结果相对比,结果表明二者能较好地吻合,该公式可应用到类似端部结构裂纹扩展应力强度因子的计算中。按挪威船级社(Det Norske Veritas,DNV)规范的要求组合热点主应力幅值,并按降序对各载荷块构造液舱疲劳热点载荷谱,结合修正公式系数经验计算液舱纵骨端部趾端的裂纹扩展寿命,预报的疲劳寿命满足要求。     

某舰单臂尾轴架振动特性研究

对某舰的单臂尾轴架，采用军标规范中的经验公式对其横向一阶频率进行了计算；采用有限元数值计算方法，用三维的体单元建立了单臂尾轴架的有限元模型，计算了其前十阶频率和振型；进行了实船的振动特性测试，测得了其尾轴架的横向一阶和纵向一阶频率和振型。对所得到的三种结果进行比较研究表明：经验公式计算所得的结果同实验结果相差较大，有限元计算所得的结果同实验结果相差较小；对用于尾轴架振动计算的经验公式应作进一步的研究；在尾轴架设计时可采用有限元方法进行振动计算预报。     

基于热点应力的FPSO焊接结构疲劳问题研究

用热点应力方法评定焊接结构的疲劳强度问题受到了人们的极大关注.热点应力法应用的关键在于给出合适的热点应力值.本文通过有限元数值计算的对比分析,指出热点应力可以通过距离热点0.5t和1.5t的参考点应力值进行线性外推而得到.文中选取FPSO某一局部结构,采用有限元数值计算,利用热点应力方法推导结构的疲劳寿命,并和全尺度疲劳试验结果进行对比,两者符合得较好.     

上层建筑整体吊装数值模拟关键技术研究

指出了当前运用有限元软件MSC.Patran/Nastran进行上层建筑整体吊装数值计算时存在的问题;根据递归的思想,提出了更加符合吊装实际的有限元边界条件处理方法;采用两种方法对FPSO上层建筑结构吊装时的结构响应进行有限元直接计算,对比分析吊装过程上层建筑结构应力及变形水平,有助于提高运用有限元手段进行响应预报的水平,改善上层建筑整体吊装的计算精度。     

《2006航运业薪酬福利水平报告》解读

对某舰的单臂尾轴架,采用军标规范中的经验公式对其横向一阶的频率进行了计算;采用有限元数值计算方法,用三维的体单元建立了单臂尾轴架的有限元模型,计算了其前十阶频率和振型;进行了现场的振动特性实验,测得了某舰单臂尾轴架的横向一阶和纵向一阶频率和振型。对所得到的三种结果进行比较研究表明:经验公式计算所得的结果同实验结果相差较大,有限元计算所得的结果同实验结果相差较小;对用于尾轴架振动计算的经验公式应进行进一步的研究;在尾轴架设计时可以采用有限元方法进行振动计算预报。     

基于谱分析法的FPSO剩余疲劳寿命研究

疲劳破坏是船舶与海洋工程结构破坏的主要模式之一。多年来,船舶结构的疲劳断裂问题一直是造船界广泛关注的问题[1]。对于由大型油船改装而成的FPSO而言,预测并延长其服役寿命是很关键的。本文通过谱分析法对船体疲劳损伤度进行计算,分别对油船和FPSO阶段进行计算从而得到FPSO剩余疲劳寿命。通过建立3D有限元模型,采用热点应力方法来确定评估处应力传递函数,分别计算各个短期海况损伤度并通过线性叠加来计算总的损伤度以及剩余疲劳寿命。根据疲劳评估结果,更加高效地实施船体结构的检测及维修。     

FPSO典型焊接接头在疲劳载荷下的残余应力释放数值模拟

为了保证FPSO典型焊接结构的安全可靠性,较准确地预测残余应力在疲劳载荷下的释放状况,采用了三维弹塑性有限元方法．首先分析了在有预载荷情况下,FPSO典型焊接接头的残余应力释放大小,并用试验数据进行验证,然后分析了该结构在疲劳载荷下的残余应力释放行为．计算结果表明,残余应力释放是与初始残余应力和外载荷的大小密切相关的．     

船舶折角型节点的疲劳裂纹扩展计算

文章以船舶折角型节点为研究对象,运用有限元软件WALCS和PATRAN分别预报某船的水动力响应和结构热点应力响应.为避免计算表面裂纹应力强度因子时需要在PATRAN有限元模型中疲劳热点区域采用体单元建模,文中提出了一种计算波浪载荷下船海结构物三维表面裂纹应力强度因子而无需在PATRAN中建立体模型的方法,并通过与广泛认可的经验公式对比验证其精度.将此方法应用于该船船舯底边舱折角处表面裂纹应力强度因子计算,计算并总结出波浪载荷下该类节点处表面裂纹应力强度因子的无量纲计算经验公式.应用一种基于谱分析构建结构疲劳载荷谱的方法,结合单一曲线模型对该节点进行裂纹扩展计算.计算结果表明:该船船舯底边舱折角疲劳寿命不满足设计要求,建议对节点进行改进.     

船舶折角型节点的疲劳裂纹扩展计算（英文）

文章以船舶折角型节点为研究对象,运用有限元软件WALCS和PATRAN分别预报某船的水动力响应和结构热点应力响应。为避免计算表面裂纹应力强度因子时需要在PATRAN有限元模型中疲劳热点区域采用体单元建模,文中提出了一种计算波浪载荷下船海结构物三维表面裂纹应力强度因子而无需在PATRAN中建立体模型的方法,并通过与广泛认可的经验公式对比验证其精度。将此方法应用于该船船舯底边舱折角处表面裂纹应力强度因子计算,计算并总结出波浪载荷下该类节点处表面裂纹应力强度因子的无量纲计算经验公式。应用一种基于谱分析构建结构疲劳载荷谱的方法,结合单一曲线模型对该节点进行裂纹扩展计算。计算结果表明:该船船舯底边舱折角疲劳寿命不满足设计要求,建议对节点进行改进。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。