THE EXPRESSION OF BCL-2, BAX AND CASPASE-3 IN NEURON OF THE SPINAL CORD ANTERIOR HORN AFTER CAUDA EQUINA ACUTE COMPRESSION

Objective To explore the influence of the acute cauda equina compression on the iumbosacral spinal cord; To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron after acute cauda equina compression. Methods 27 canis familiaris were randomly divided into 9 groups （3 in each） ： one for normal group, one for control group, and seven for compression groups. The control group and compressed groups was given operation and the sac made of silica gel was placed under the lamina of L5-6. Water was injected into the sac until their posterior legs paralysis in compressed groups, the animals had been compressed for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168 hours. The control group were not injected water. Cells apoptosis was investigated with the technology of TdT-mediated biotin dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） staining. The Bcl-2 Bax and Caspase-3 protein was investigated by immunohistochemical method. Results TUNEL staining cells in anterior horn presented after compressed 8-12 hours, and at 72 hours the number of positive cells got to maximum, it decreased subsequently after 168 hours. The protein of Bax, Bcl-2 expressed a little in normal motor neuron. The caspase-3 protein didn＇t express in normal ceil. They all reached the peak at 72 hours after compression. Conclusion The apoptosis of motor neuron occurred earlier after eauda equina acute compression. Bax protein restrained Bcl-2 protein then active caspase-3 and conduced apoptosis of motor neuron.     

神经细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤延迟性瘫痪中的作用

目的研究细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤发生延迟性瘫痪中的作用。方法将48只新西兰白兔随机分为2组:对照组(sham)和缺血再灌注组(IR)。参照并改进Zivin方法建立兔脊髓腰骶段缺血再灌注延迟性瘫痪模型,比较各组动物不同时间点后肢运动功能及病理形态学变化;采用原位末端脱氧核糖核酸酶转移介导的脱氧尿三磷酸(dUTP)标记法(TUNEL法)检测神经细胞凋亡水平。结果HE染色显示,再灌注8 h组神经细胞形态基本正常,结构清楚,灰质中有少量空泡,但神经元细胞结构完好;再灌注24 h组:灰质中前角神经元细胞破坏严重,空泡形成,无明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注72 h组:灰质前角中大量空泡形成,尚残存数个结构清楚的运动神经元,有明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注168 h组:灰质中运动神经元消失,残存数个固缩坏死神经元。TUNEL法染色显示,sham组及再灌注8 h后,仅见非特异性染色。再灌注24 h后出现大量阳性细胞,至再灌注72 h阳性细胞数量达到最高峰,主要分布在前角运动神经元。再灌注1周后,灰质结构破坏严重,仅有少量神经元幸存,但其阳性细胞平均积分吸光度值仍较对照组高。结论脊髓缺血再灌注后发生延迟性瘫痪时,神经元死亡的方式主要是细胞凋亡。     

Apoptosis of motor neurons in the spinal cord after ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia in rabbits

Objective To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia. Methods The infrarenal aorta of White New Zealand rabbits （n=24） was occluded for 26 minutes using two bulldog clamps. Rabbits were killed after 8, 24, 72, or 168 hours （n=6 per group）, respectively. The clamps was placed but never clamped in sham-operated rabbits （n=24）. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord （L5 to L7） was used for morphological studies, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic neurons in spinal cord were measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling of DNA fragments （TUNEL） staining. Results Delayed paraplegia occurred in all rabbits of ischemia reperfusion group at 16-24 hours, but not in sham groups. Motor neurons were selectively lost at 7 days after transient ischemia. After ischemia, the positive expression of bcl-2 protein were in the sham controls but decreased significantly as compared with that of the IR group （P〈0.01）, especially in 72 hours reperfusion. The positive expression of bax protein were also in the sham controls, but increased in the IR group, especially in 72 hours reperfusion; In addition, TUNEL study demonstrated that no cells were positively labeled until 24 hours after ischemia, but nuclei of some motor neurons were positively labeled at peak after ischemia reperfusion at 72 hours. Oenclusion Spinal cord ischemia in rabbits induces morphological and biochemical changes suggestive of apoptosis. These data raise the possibility that apoptosis contributes to neuronal cell death after spinal cord ischemia reperfnsion.     

椎管内上皮样囊肿及皮样囊肿

该文报告了13例椎管内上皮样囊肿和皮样囊肿,9例位于园锥部,2例位于胸段,2例位于马尾部。其中1973—1982年有11例,占同期椎管内肿瘤的15.5％。12例经脊髓造影检查,13例均行手术治疗。园锥部之囊肿均在髓内,且常合并脊髓末端的变异和畸形。作者根据病变部位和临床特点将该病分为四种临床类型,对它的诊断、治疗、术后遗留症状和复发等问题进行了讨论。     

APOPTOSIS AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY IN RATS

Traditionallythinking,themodeofneurondeathafterspinalcordinjuryisnecrosis.There-centstudiesshowthatapoptosismayplayaroleinthepathophysiologicalprocessofspinalcordin-jury"'-Inthisstudy,apoptosisinspinalcordin-juryinratswasobsevedandanalyzedinordertooffertheoreticalevidenceforpathogenesisofspinalcordinjury.MATERIALSANDMETHODS1Animalsurgeryandtissueprocessing36femaleSprague-Dawleyratsweighing25ol2Ogwererandomlydividedinto9groups,4ineachgroup.onegroupconsistedofnormalnon-operatedrats,inth…     

激活多巴胺受体对大鼠脊髓背角Fos样蛋白生成的抑制作用

以免疫细胞化学ABC法，观察多巴胺受体激动剂和桔抗剂对伤害性电刺激大鼠单侧后爪诱发的同侧腰段脊髓背角Fos阳性神经元的影响。发现伤害性电刺激诱发的Fos阳性神经元，多数位于同侧背角浅层，排列密集，少数位于同侧背角深层，排列稀疏；腹腔注射多巴胺受体激动剂使同侧背角浅层和深层的Fos阳性神经元显著减少，而多巴胺二型受体拮抗剂能够完全阻断多巴胺受体激动剂的抑制作用。提示多巴胺受体参与脊髓水平伤害性信息传递的调控。     

家犬腰椎牵拉损伤引起马尾神经功能改变的实验研究

设计了椎间松解及椎体外固定器固定的动物模型 ,通过调整外固定器长度 ,造成椎管内马尾神经牵拉损伤。当外固定器长度增大 2 cm时 ,马尾诱发电位( CESEP)的 N2 波幅度降低。动物清醒后出现 :1后肢运动与感觉障碍 ,神经功能评分明显降低。随牵拉强度增加 ,N2 波幅度逐渐降低并伴 CESEP图形畸变 ,直至最终消失。 2双后肢运动及痛觉丧失。神经功能评分减至 0分。故通过调整外固定器长度 ,可动态改变脊柱牵拉损伤程度 ,损伤程度与 CESEP及动物神经功能评分一致。该模型还有可排除 SEP假阴性或假阳性之突出优点。     

17例脊髓纵裂的CT结果分析

我院骨科自1978～1993年共收治先天性脊柱畸形427例,手术证实合并脊髓纵裂40例,其中17例术前经CT检查确诊。18个骨嵴中（1例为2个骨嵴）,16个为骨性嵴,2个分别为软骨性和纤维性嵴。CT特征:椎管中央的纵行骨嵴将脊髓或马尾分为两部分,多数骨嵴两侧蛛网膜下间隙及脊髓不均称;该部椎管扩大;椎体及附件结构紊乱。CT是一理想、可靠的诊断方法,不仅能准确诊断损害的平面,而且能显示椎管的自然状态和骨嵴的轮廓及种类。     

Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.     

不同参数电针对大鼠脊髓背角神经元伤害感受性反应的影响

目的　观察和比较不同参数电针对大鼠“足三里穴”的镇痛效应。方法　采用玻璃微电极细胞外记录大鼠腰部脊髓背角广动力型 (WDR)和特异伤害感受型 (NS)神经元的活动 ,观察了不同强度 (1mA ,5～ 6mA)和不同频率 (5、2 0、5 0、10 0Hz)电针对背角神经元伤害感受性反应 (C 反应 )的影响。结果　强电针时选用低频 (5Hz)较好 ,而弱电针时选用高频 (5 0Hz)为佳。结论　电针对脊髓伤害性传递的抑制作用具有强度和频率依赖性     

FOS EXPRESSION IN LUMBARSACRAL SPINAL CORD AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA INDUCED BY CHRONIC COLONIC INFLAMMATION IN RATS

Irritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)isacommon functionalgastrointestinaldisorderinpopulations.RecentstudieshaveshownthatpersistentIBSsymp tomsdevelopedinbetween7%and31%ofsubjects afterinfectiousgastroenteritisandtransientinflam mationenteritis[1].Thisassociationis…     

刺激PAG对脊髓背角神经元的抑制及其与PAG—CDP的关系

电刺激PAG腹外侧,可在腰骶髓引导出PAG—CDP。用相同参数刺激PAG,可使脊髓背角会聚神经元(n=31)放电抑制。放电完全停止所持续的时间与CDP慢波时程相当,呈有意义的正相关,抑制潜伏期与慢波潜伏期也呈有意义的正相关。当PAG刺激不足以引起CDP慢波或刚刚引起CDP慢波时,对会聚神经元也无抑制。结果提示:电刺激PAG所引起的脊髓背角会聚神经元C放电的抑制有突触前抑制成份参与。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SPINAL CORD INJURY TREATED WITH THE COMBINATION OF FETAL SPINAL CORD TRANSPLANTATION AND METHYLPREDNISOLONE

ＴｈｅｔｈｅｒａｐｙｏｆＬａｒｇｅＤｏｓａｇｅｏｆＭｅｔｈｙｌｐｒｅｄｉｎ ｓｏｌｏｎｅ(ＭＰ)ｆｏｒＳＣＩｈａｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｌｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅｉｔｃａｎｇｒｅａｔｌｙｉｍｐｏｖｅｔｈｅｎｅｒｖｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｎｔｈｅｍｅａｎ ｔｉｍｅ,ａｎｉｍａｌｔｅｓｔｓｈａｖｅａｌｒｅａｄｙｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｉｆｆｅｔａｌｓｐｉｎａｌｃｏｒｄｉｓｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｊｕｒｅｄｓｐｉｎａｌｃｏｒｄａｒｅａ ,ｉｔｃａｎｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｅｔｈｅａｘｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｈｏｓ…     

家兔内关穴区感觉及运动神经元节段性分布 (辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)法研究)

用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)法研究了8例家兔内关穴区感觉及运功神经的来源。发现在注射侧的C_5—T_1脊神经节和C_7—T_1脊髓内有标记细胞,且标记细胞以C_8和T_1为最集中。在脊髓内,标记细胞位于前角外侧区或前角与侧角交界区(Ⅷ和Ⅸ层);在脊神经节内,标记细胞主要位于周缘区(占47.27%)。另外,还讨论了穴位相对特异性与穴区感觉及运动神经元的分布节段及其分布节段集中性的关系。     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

大鼠下丘脑培养中β-内啡肽神经元的免疫细胞化学研究

应用种经细胞培养、免疫细胞化学和图像分析技术，研究新生大鼠下丘脑β-内啡肽（β-END）神经元的形态及其体外发育规律。β-END神经元多为梭形双极，可见细胞间接触。培养1d,β-END神经元甚少，3～7d其生长迅速，细胞数量、胞体大小、染色强度和突起长度均达最高峰。培养14d，β-END神经元基本维持在7d时的水平。结果提示，下丘脑β-END神经元在体外培养的第1周内迅速发育趋于成熟，并可维持到第14天左右。     

牵拉膀胱对脊髓背角躯体反应神经元的效应

实验用脊髓大白鼠,电刺激左侧腓肠神经,玻璃微电极在脊髓背角记录到157个反应神经元;记录的神经元单位放电稳定后,采用牵拉膀胱的方法,发现其中32个神经元对内脏传入也发生反应,称之为躯体——内脏会聚神经元(somatovisceral Convergent neuron SVCN)。根据传导速度推算,本实验兴奋的内脏传入属N类纤维。实验发现牵拉膀胱,引起9个WDR神经元躯体传入晚成分增加。另外记录到15个有自发放电的神经元,牵拉膀胱,13个自发放电增多,2个减少。本文为躯体、内脏传入在脊髓背角的会聚增添了新资料,并为膀胱疾患牵涉痛的中枢机制提供了实验依据。     

大鼠肌肉、内脏传入于脊髓背角会聚形式的类型分析

在观察刺激大鼠腓肠肌神经和膀胱神经分别所诱发背角神经元放电形式的基础上，对肌肉-内脏会聚神经元（Musculo－ViscusConvergentNeuron，MVCN）进行了归类分析。发现在165个被腓肠肌神经传入激活的神经元中，有25个亦能被膀胱神经传入激活，按对肌肉、内脏传入A和C类纤维的反应，可将MVCN分为Aαβ－C·C（n＝21）Aδ－C·C（n＝1）C·C（n＝2）Aαβδ－C·Aδ－C（n＝1）四型。提示，上述多种会聚形式可能是肌肉、内脏初级传入在脊髓水平对感觉传入（特别是痛觉）进行调制的基础，在痛与牵涉痛中发挥作用；同时也可能是躯体、内脏相关的基础之一。     

大白鼠同神经与不同神经输入对脊髓背角神经元的会聚

实验用大白鼠。分级刺激腓肠神经和腓肠肌神经,对被激活的背角神经元进行观察,进而对皮肤、肌肉神经传入会聚神经元进行了分类,发现同一神经刺激被激活的背角神经元可分为A、A—C和C 3个类型,其中A—C型占多数(皮神经激活68%,肌神经激活50.4%)。实验中记录到125个皮,肌会聚神经元(CMCN),按对皮、肌A类和C类传入纤维的反应,分为A—A、A—AC、AC—A,AC—AC、C—C 5型,其中AC—AC和A—A型占多数(分别为46.27%和26.12%).结果提示,上述多种会聚形式,可能是皮、肌粗、细初级传入在脊髓水平对感觉传入(特别是痛觉)进行调制的基础,因此将在镇痛、痛过敏中起作用。     

机械性脑白质损伤后皮层神经元凋亡的证据及其分布特征

目的　探讨细胞凋亡在机械性脑白质损伤后皮层神经细胞病理变化中的作用及其分布特征。方法　雄性健康SD大鼠 3 6只随机分为假手术组 (1 2只 )和模型组 (2 4只 ) ,用模型组动物制作大脑皮层下横切模型。于致伤后不同时间处死动物 ,用TUNEL原位末端标记和常规病理组织学方法观察损伤区及相应皮层神经细胞变化的性质和规律。结果　致伤后横切处出血 ,损伤组织内神经元出现坏死改变 ,胶质细胞增多。大脑皮层Ⅱ Ⅴ层神经细胞多出现萎缩改变。伤后 1 2d时 ,相应皮层内即出现散在早期凋亡神经元 ,随后逐渐增多 ,7d后又趋减少 ,伤后 1 9d皮层内仍可检出凋亡神经元。在损伤区凋亡神经元少见 ,可见部分胶质细胞凋亡。结论　脑白质损害时 ,损伤相应部位皮层神经元主要表现为凋亡。在损伤区 ,神经元和胶质细胞主要表现为坏死。皮层内凋亡神经元主要分布于第Ⅱ Ⅴ层 ,其时间分布呈一单峰状曲线 ,凋亡峰出现在伤后第 7d前后 ,至少持续 1 9d。