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无线传感网是采集实时交通信息的重要工具.因其节点能量有限,必须设计高能效的分簇路由算法以延长网络周期.本文通过建立一种智能交通中无线传感器网络的应用模型,根据其特点和要求分析LEACH协议的优缺点并提出一种能量负载均衡的分簇算法.该算法对LEACH协议当中的簇首机制进行改进,综合考虑候选节点的剩余能量和簇首节点的分布位置;建立簇间多跳路由机制以避免单跳通信的大能量消耗;创造一种簇重构方法,避免过于频繁的簇重构引起的不必要能量消耗.仿真结果表明,能量均衡算法可有效平衡节点能量消耗分布,延长网络生命周期,可很好的应用于基于WSN的ITS当中.     

基于源路由的多路径路由协议

为了进一步有效地利用网络资源，采用多路径机制改善最佳链路状态路由协议OLSR的网络性能．提出了基于源路由的多路径SR-MPOLSR协议．首先利用MPR多点中继机制高效获取网络的拓扑图，并在网络节点中用多重Dijkstra算法计算出多路径．然后采用加权分配的循环调度实现负载分配，最后引人源路由机制完成报文的选径转发．这种SR-MPOLSR协议较之OLSR协议可进一步利用网络资源，改善链路的吞吐量和平均延迟．增加网络健壮性和可靠性．仿真结果显示，与OLSR算法相比，SR-MPOLSR算法的数据传输率提高20％-40％。端对端平均延迟降低10％-30％．     

无线传感网络中QoS约束多播路由算法

分析了无线传感网络中具有时延、带宽和剩余能量等多QoS约束的多播路由问题.描述了一种适应于研究QoS多播路由的网络模型.提出了一种具有多QoS约束的能量有效的多播路由算法(EMRA),该算法成功地解决了无线传感网络中多播节点动态变化时的QoS路由选择问题.仿真实验证明了EMRA的有效性和优越性.     

Research on Improved Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), due to the limited battery power of the sensor nodes, the communication energy consumption is the main factor to affect the lifetime of the networks. A reasonable design of the communication protocol can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the network system. Based on low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), an improved LEACH protocol in WSNs is proposed. In order to optimize the cluster head (CH) election in the cluster setup phase, the improved LEACH takes into account a number of factors, including energy consumption of communication between nodes, remaining energy of the nodes, and the distance between nodes and base station (BS). In the steady phase, one-hop routing and multiple-hop routing are combined to transmit data between CHs to improve energy efficiency. The forward CH is selected as relay node according to the values of path cost. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better in balancing network energy consumption, and it can effectively improve the data transmission efficiency and prolong the network lifetime, as compared with LEACH, LEACH-C (LEACH-centralized) and NDAPSO-C (an adaptive clustering protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization) algorithms.     

Ad Hoc网络基于蚁群的按需路由算法研究

目前已有一些研究将蚁群优化算法应用于Ad Hoc网络,文中在分析已有成果的基础上提出了一种新的按需路由算法,该算法综合了蚁群优化和AODV及DSR协议的思想,在源和目的之间建立起多路径路由,有效地提高了网络传输性能.模拟结果显示,该算法能较好地适应MANET动态变化的拓扑环境,在性能上优于一些相关的算法.     

IP ADDRESS AUTOCONFIGURATION FOR WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS

IntroductionWireless ad hoc networks are gaining increas-ing popularity in recent years because of their easeof deployment. No wired base station or infras-tructure is supported,and each hostcommunicatesone anothervia packetradios. In ad hoc networks,routing protocols are challenged with establishingand maintaining multihop routes in the face of mo-bility,bandwidth limitation and power con-straints. In ad hoc networks,each node( host)acts as a router since routes are mostly multihop.Nodes in …     

AODV路由协议局部修复机制的优化与仿真研究

Ad Hoc网络是一种自创造、自组织和自管理的网络,开发良好的路由协议是建立Ad Hoc网络的首要问题.AODV协议是Ad Hoc网络中最具代表性的按需路由协议之一.文中详细分析了AODV的局部修复机制,并在此基础上,讨论了两种典型的改进思想.提出了一种优化算法OPTAORTI,该算法通过对局部修复机制的改进在保证相对少的增加路由开销的同时降低路由延迟.模拟结果表明该算法的路由延迟低于原协议及两个改进算法.     

STUDY ON NEIGHBORHOOD DISCOVERY PROTOCOL IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKSGRANULAR SLUDGE BY BATCH TESTS

One algorithm and one method for PNNI(Private Network to Network Interface) routing were presented. The algorithm is OIL (Older Is Leader) algorithms for Peer Group selection, and the method is the DOO (Distributed object-oriented) method for HDOS (Hierarchy Distributed-Object System), PNNI systems and IP(Internet Protocol) networks. Based on the specifications from ATM forum, and the creative ideas from Distributed System realization, this paper studies and analyzes the private ATM network environment. The OIL algorithm and the DOO method are both for PNNI routing protocol. Through the PNNI simulation, the availability and robustness are proved for the above two improvements.     

STUDY ON NEIGHBORHOOD DISCOVERY PROTOCOL IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

IntroductionIt is well known thatthe PNNIsystem is a de-veloping system in the private ATM networkfield[1～ 5] .According to Ref.[6],PNNI includestwo categories of protocols,one defines for dis-tributing topology information between switchesand clusters of switches- routing protocol,and theother defines the signalling- signalling protocol,which is message flows used to establish point topoint and point to multi- point connections acrossthe ATM network.Forrealizing the PNNIroutingwith m…     

A study on the degree of barrier coverage in wireless sensor networks

Recently, the barrier coverage was proposed and received much attention in wireless sensor network (WSN), and the degree of the barrier coverage, one of the critical parameters of WSN, must be re-studied due to the difference between the barrier coverage and blanket coverage. In this paper, we propose two algorithms, namely,local tree based no-way and back (LTNWB) algorithm and sensor minimum cut sets (SMCS) algorithm, for the opened and closed belt regions to determine the degree of the barrier coverage of WSN. Our main objective is to minimize the complexity of these algorithms. For the opened belt region, both algorithms work well, and for the closed belt region, they will still come into existence while some restricted conditions are taken into consideration.Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithms.     

区域间拓扑匹配的Chord6模型研究

为了解决P2P网络中存在的不同地址前缀区域拓扑不匹配,即物理网络中相邻的两个区域在覆盖网络中相距很远,反之亦然,以及由此造成的底层路由效率低下的问题.本文采用IPv6地址层次性和其泛播通信机制对节点标识符的重新设计,改进了Chord6模型.该方法不仅使得各个区域间具有拓扑一致性,而且使得路由表具有地址聚合的特性.实验表明,该方法与Chord6相比,在覆盖网络中路由跳数上减少了约10％,在物理网络中端到端的延时降低了约10％.     

基于帧投递率的无线Mesh网络DSR路由协议

为实现网络负载均衡，提出一种适用于无线Mesh网络的基于帧投递率（frame delivery ratio，FDR）的动态源路由（dynamic source routing，DSR）协议．该协议通过对网络的帧投递率的感知，优化路由发现与路由决策机制．仿真结果表明，该方法在准静态的网络拓扑环境下，使网络吞吐率提升1倍左右．     

基于移动Agent的MANET多约束QoS路由算法

针对节点能量和可用带宽2个约束条件的问题,提出了一种基于移动Agent的QoS路由算法.该算法利用移动Agent采集网络中各节点的详细信息,以最大链路的生存时间作为选择路由的基础,增强了路径的稳定性;采用多路径策略,以缩短路由重构的时间;优先选择剩余能量多的节点,延长了网络的生存时间.利用网络仿真工具NS2进行的仿真实验结果证明,与AODV协议相比,该算法具有较高的包传输率和较低的端到端平均延时.     

一种基于低能量的双簇首WSN路由算法

通过对无线传感器网络经典路由分簇算法LEACH、PEGASIS的研究,提出了基于低能量的双簇首路由分簇算法BLEDCH,该算法使能量最小的K个节点尽可能的接近主簇首,使簇内节点趋近于同时消亡,当发送数据时在簇内选择能量较大且距离基站较近的节点作为Data簇首,并通过各个簇的Data簇首建立一条连接基站的关键路径,使各个簇融合后的数据能够以多跳的方式传送给基站,从而减轻了主簇首的负担,仿真结果表明,该算法延迟了第一个死亡节点出现的时间,延长了网络的生存时间,减少了能量消耗,优于LEACH和PEGASIS算法.     

基于定长帧的组播QoS路由技术

为高效利用网络资源且平衡负载,结合物理帧时槽交换技术,提出了基于定长帧的组播机制和QoS路由算法MRBP.该算法在满足带宽和时延要求的基础上,最小化时延和平衡节点负载,达到组播树总体时延较小并优化利用网络资源的目的.仿真结果表明,基于该算法建立的组播树具有较好的网络负载平衡性,并能够对服务质量提供较好的保证.     

智能交通最短路径Dijkstra模糊动态方法分析

提高道路网络上的动态路由选择效率是当前路网建设中的难题,现有解决路由问题的方法都是基于静态方向的研究。提出一种基于模糊的Dijkstra最短路径动态算法,以被量化的限定用户参量为语言变量,用模糊集理论提供模糊数输出在网络上的最短路径预测。通过处理模糊参数,提出用模糊数表示不同路径与边长间距离的两种比较方法。采用梯级平均综合表示法改进Dijkstra算法,并以数值的道路网络实例来说明该方法的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的道路车辆自组织网络源路由机制

在当前基于交叉路口的城市车辆自组织网络(VANETs)路由协议中，道路上数据包传输大多采用基于地理位置的贪婪转发策略，当数据量较大时，个别节点负载较重，极易引起传输延迟增大乃至丢包的情况.本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的源路由机制，通过记录单体车辆的驾驶信息而非传统方法中的车流均值数据，来预测道路上车辆网络的连通情况，并借助遗传算法，首次基于道路连通性、节点负载和连接跳数这3 点综合考虑，计算得出道路上最佳的源路由节点序列.仿真实验结果表明，在传输率与延迟时间上，性能均优于传统的贪婪路由机制，尤其在车流量为250 veh· lane-1· h-1时，传输率提升约13%.该研究可为智能交通信息通讯提供可靠助力.     

基于遗传算法的道路车辆自组织网络源路由机制

在当前基于交叉路口的城市车辆自组织网络(VANETs)路由协议中，道路上数据包传输大多采用基于地理位置的贪婪转发策略，当数据量较大时，个别节点负载较重，极易引起传输延迟增大乃至丢包的情况.本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的源路由机制，通过记录单体车辆的驾驶信息而非传统方法中的车流均值数据，来预测道路上车辆网络的连通情况，并借助遗传算法，首次基于道路连通性、节点负载和连接跳数这3 点综合考虑，计算得出道路上最佳的源路由节点序列.仿真实验结果表明，在传输率与延迟时间上，性能均优于传统的贪婪路由机制，尤其在车流量为250 veh· lane-1· h-1时，传输率提升约13%.该研究可为智能交通信息通讯提供可靠助力.     

A Secure Multi-Routing Platform for Ad Hoc Network

In an ad hoc network, it is usually difficult to optimize the assignment of network routing resources using a single type of routing protocol due to the differences in network scale, node moving mode and node distribution. Therefore, it is desirable to have nodes run multiple routing protocols simultaneously so that more than one protocols can be chosen to work jointly. For this purpose,a multiple routing platform for Ad hoc networks is proposed on a higher level of current routing protocols. In order to ensure the security of the platform, a security mechanism and its formal analysis by BAN logic is given. The simulation results of the network performance demonstrate that the proposed multi-routing platform is practicable in some complex applications.     

具有星际链路的LEO/MEO卫星网络动态路由协议

针对具有星际链路的LEO/MEO卫星网络,设计了一种具有自主运行能力的卫星网络动态路由协议（SDRP）.采用时间离散化的链路状态增量更新的虚拟拓扑路由算法,降低了网络开销.提出的多点转发节点选举算法,提高了路由收敛速度和网络资源利用率.仿真结果表明,卫星网络动态路由协议的路由收敛时间远小于网络稳态保持时间,路由收敛时间是OSPF的1/10,平均协议带宽占用率也大大小于OSPF,可以保证卫星网络的信息可靠传送.