Analysis and calculation of axial stiffness of tubular X-joints under compression on braces

This paper introduces the influence factors of axial stiffness of tubular X-joints. The analysis model of tubular joints using plate and shell finite element method is also made. Systematic single-parameter analysis of tubular X-joints is performed using Ansys program. The influences of those factors, including ratio of brace diameter to chord diameter (β), ratio of chord diameter to twice chord thickness (γ), ratio of brace wall thickness to that of chord (τ), brace-to-chord intersection angle (θ), and chord stress ratio, ratio of another brace diameter to chord diameter, in-plane and out-of-plane moment of braces, etc., on stiffness of tubular X-joints are analyzed.Two non-dimensional parameters-joint axial stiffness factor ηN and axial force capacity factor ωN are proposed,and the relationship curve of the two factors is determined. Computational formulas of tubular X-joint axial stiffness are obtained by multi-element regression technology. The formulas can be used in design and analysis of steel tubular structures.     

Numerical analysis of material properties in deformation of near hemispherical shells

In this paper, the effects of hardening exponent, yield strength and elastic modulus on the deformability of near hemispherical shells are investigated by means of finite element method and orthogonal experiment design. The largest eccentric angle during the deformation process and thickness reduction after the deformation are introduced to estimate the deformability quantitatively according to the deformation characteristics of near hemispherical shells. The results indicate that the hardening exponent is the most influential parameter, followed by elastic modulus and yield strength. The shell exhibits good deformability when the hardening exponent and elastic modulus are in the range of 0.1–0.125 and 70–108 GPa, respectively.     

Experimental study on the liquid slug of cryogenic slug flow in inclined tubes

An experimental study was carried out to understand the phenomena of the boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in inclined tubes with closed bottom by using a high speed motion analyzer.The experimental tubes are 0.018 and 0.014 m inner diameter(ID) and 1.0 m in length.The range of the inclination angle is 45°-90° from the horizontal.The experimental observation on the liquid slug was carried out along the tubes.Statistical method was employed to analyze the experimental data.The experiment analyzed the influences of the inclination angle and the tube diameter on the liquid slug length and velocity.The results show the liquid slug propagation velocity increases with the decrease of inclination angle θ.For all cases,the maximum values of the mean liquid slug lengths were obtained at θ = 60°.The mean liquid slug lengths were greater for large tube at higher tube position.These conclusions provide a basis for further study liquid slug of cryogenic two-phase undeveloped slug flow.     

Codes From Strongly Regular （α,β）-reguli

Strongly regular (α, β)-reguli are a class of incidence structures with given conditions which were introduced by Hamilton and Mathon. We introduce two classes of codes constructed from strongly regular (α, β)-reguli within PG(k − 1, q). The codes are related with two-weight codes intimately. Foundation item: the Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of Qingdao University of Science and Technology in China (No. 0022327)     

扩张室压力脉动衰减器声传播的有效性

为了研究平面波截止频带内,进、出口偏置型扩张室压力脉动衰减器结构参数对其一维解析法计算精度的影响,基于面积突变处高阶模态的耗散效应,对两类偏置型扩张室一维解析法的有效性进行了分析.首先,截止频率范围内双调谐内插管扩张室一维解析法的计算结果与实验测量结果吻合良好,证明了该方法应用于液压脉动衰减器是可行的;其次,将广泛应用于气体消声系统的两类进、出口偏置型扩张室结构(结构1和结构2)引入液压系统,制成相应的压力脉动衰减器,并利用一维解析法和三维有限元法分别得到其理论计算值;最后,以扩张室腔室内部存在局部非平面波效应为背景,研究了内插管插入深度、偏心距以及偏转角对一维解析法有效性的影响.研究结果表明:结构1、2偏心距为40 mm、偏转角180°时,进、出口内插管插入深度对5 000 Hz频带内(截止频率5 469 Hz)高频区域的传递损失影响较大;而当结构1、2的内插管插入深度选定时,偏心距以及偏转角对0～4 000 Hz一维解析法计算精度的影响可忽略不计,而在4 000～5 000 Hz研究频带内,这种影响则不可忽略.     

First-principles prediction of ductility in β-type Ti-Mo binary alloys

Recent studies suggest that the ratio of the shear modulus (G) to the bulk modulus (B) and the Poisson’s ratio (ν) are good indicators of ductility. Using the method of supercell and the first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method, the G/B and ν of the β-type Ti-Mo binary alloys with Mo molar fraction (x _Mo) ranging from 6.25% to 37.5% are calculated. The results show that the ductility of β-type Ti-Mo binary alloys first increases with increasing x _Mo and reaches the maximum when x _Mo is about 25%, and then reduces with more increasing x _Mo. The charge density difference calculations suggest that the x _Mo dependence of the ductility can be ascribed to the change of bonding characteristics between Ti and Mo atoms in the [111] direction.     

On the Existence of （v, 3 × 3,λ）-Splitting Balanced Incomplete Block Design with A between 2 to 9

Let (υ, u × c, λ)-splitting BIBD denote a (υ, u × c, λ)-splitting balanced incomplete block design of order υ with block size u × c and index λ. The necessary conditions for the existence of a (υ, u × c, λ)-splitting BIBD are υ ⩾ uc, λ(υ − 1) ≡ 0 0 mod (c(u − 1)) and λυ(υ − 1) ≡ 0 mod (c ² u(u − 1)). In this paper, for 2 ⩽ λ ⩽ 9 the necessary conditions for the existence of a (υ, 3 × 3, λ)-splitting BIBD are also sufficient with one possible exception for (υ, λ) = (39, 9). Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10771193); the Starter Foundation for the Doctors of Zhejiang Gongshang University (No. 1020XJ030517); the Natural Science Foundation of Universities of Jiangsu Province (No. 07KJB110090); the Starter Foundation for the Doctors of Nantong University (No. 07B12)     

Monte Carlo simulation of B2-L2<Subscript>1</Subscript> ordering transitions in Au-Cu-Al alloy systems

The B2-L2₁ ordering transitions in Au-Cu-Al shape-memory alloys are studied by the Monte Carlo exchange simulations, where a set of the first, the second and the third nearest-neighbor mixing potentials for Cu-Al in the Au-Cu-Al alloys are calculated from first principals using the Connolly-Williams methods. To ensure the phase stability of the β-Au-Cu-Al, the investigation includes the range of compositions Au₂Cu_1−x Al_1+x (−0.15 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.15). The B2-L2₁ transition temperatures are predicted, and are in agreement with the experimental results. The atomic ordering around vacancy of the L2₁ structure is further discussed.     

基于构型力断裂准则的骨料干涉作用分析

为研究沥青混凝土内部裂纹初始构型（如裂纹初始偏转角,空间位置）的改变对裂纹扩展路径以及裂纹扩展方式的影响,以裂尖构型力为断裂准则,通过扩展有限元XFEM建立具有不同初始构型的裂纹模型,模拟裂纹经过单骨料和非对称双骨料的情况;从裂纹扩展路径和裂尖构型力变化等方面分析骨料干涉作用下裂纹初始构型对裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明：1）在单骨料干涉作用下,裂尖构型力随骨料与初始裂尖夹角的增大而逐渐增大,表明骨料对裂纹扩展的干涉作用逐渐减弱,当其超过60°后,骨料对裂纹扩展的干涉作用可忽略不计;2）在非对称双骨料干涉作用下,随着骨料圆心连线与x轴夹角的增大,双骨料对裂纹扩展干涉作用愈加明显,当其大于45°时,裂尖构型力明显偏小,即骨料对裂纹扩展表现出“止裂”效果;3）当裂纹初始偏转角发生改变时,单骨料与非对称双骨料对裂纹扩展的干涉作用具有相似性,其裂尖构型力随偏转角增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势;4）当偏转角为45°时,裂尖构型力偏大,意味着裂纹趋于非稳定状态,骨料对裂纹扩展的抑制效果较弱,致使骨料对沥青混合料抗裂性能的提高受到一定限制.     

Dynamic recrystallization behavior and microstructural evolution in SPHC steel

The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) behaviors in SPHC steel were investigated with hot compression tests at deformation temperatures of 950-1 150,strain rates of 0.1-15 s-1,and initial austenite grain sizes of 86-232 μm.The effects of deformation temperature,strain,strain rate and the initial austenite grain size on the microstructural evolution during DRX were studied in detail.The results show that DRX is observed under the condition of the Zener-Hollomon parameter being less than 1.07×10 13 s-1.The deformation activation energy for SPHC steel is calculated to be 299.4 kJ/mol by regression analysis.Austenite grain size of DRX is refined with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate under steady state conditions,but it is not influenced by the initial grain size.The mathematical equation of DRX grain size of SPHC steel is obtained.     

Infinite clusters in locally dependent percolation on ℤ d

Techniques of Burton-Keane, developed earlier for independent percolation on ℤ ^d , are adapted to the setting of locally dependent percolation on ℤ ^d for d ⩾ 2. The main result of this paper is a uniqueness theorem, that there exists almost surely a unique infinite out-cluster in locally dependent percolation on ℤ ^d , under the finite energy condition.     

Threshold signature scheme with threshold verification based on multivariate linear polynomial

Secret sharing schemes are multi-party protocols related to key establishment. They also facilitate distributed trust or shared control for critical activities (e.g., signing corporate cheques and opening bank vaults), by gating the critical action on cooperation from t(t ∈ Z ⁺) of n(n ∈ Z ⁺) users. A (t, n) threshold scheme (t < n) is a method by which a trusted party computes secret shares Γ _i (1 ⩽ i ⩽ n) from an initial secret Γ ₀ and securely distributes Γ _i to user. Any t or more users who pool their shares may easily recover Γ ₀, but any group knowing only t−1 or fewer shares may not. By the ElGamal public key cryptophytes and the Schnorr’s signature scheme, this paper proposes a new (t, n) threshold signature scheme with (k,m) (k,m ∈ Z ⁺) threshold verification based on the multivariate linear polynomial.     

Y型圆钢管相贯节点轴向刚度计算模型

为获得Y型圆钢管相贯节点轴向刚度实用计算公式,基于环向模型和节点局部变形与轴向刚度的关系,建立了半圆拱模型,并导出了节点轴向刚度的理论公式;运用泰勒级数等数学手段,将理论公式中的复杂函数简化为能反映自变量间相互影响的指数函数与幂函数的乘积,并根据单参数分析结果忽略次要因素支主管壁厚比,获得了Y型节点刚度的简化计算式.研究结果表明:节点刚度与材料弹性模量、支主管平面内夹角正弦平方的倒数和主管直径成正比;支主管直径比和主管径厚比对节点刚度的影响较大;简化公式计算的刚度值与有限元计算结果和已有试验数据的相对误差基本小于8%.      

不同厚度下船舶板材高频感应自由弯曲成形

应用ANSYS软件建立高频感应自由弯曲有限元模型,研究了船板高频感应成形板厚对可加热温度、变形角度、应力、变形及冷却后的残余应力的影响。结果表明:不同厚度的船舶板材可加热温度皆在860℃以上进入奥氏体温度区。在无约束、忽略船板自重的情况下,不同厚度的船舶板材单面弯曲角度在10-2数量级;加热结束后,不同厚度的船舶板材的应力都达到屈服应力,发生了塑性变形。冷却结束后残余应力主要集中在线圈正下方。随着板厚的增加,可加热温度下降,并在中厚板区有波动;弯曲角度先增加,后减小;最大残余应力先减小,后增加。在给定加热频率和功率条件下,船板的高频感应加热变形的最有效厚度为14 mm。     

基于Reddy理论的新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁挠度计算

为准确计算新型波形钢腹板(CSW)组合箱梁的挠度,基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论,考虑钢-混接触面滑移变形和全截面高阶剪切变形效应,以形函数作为单元内高度变化的插值函数,利用最小势能原理推出新型CSW组合箱梁等参有限元行列式;以一根8.0?m新型波形钢腹板简支组合箱型试验梁为例,基于本文理论编制了相应的计算程序,计算了...     

柔性基层沥青路面结构设计参数分析

综合分析了国内外柔性基层沥青路面典型结构,采用正交分析方法,讨论了沥青稳定基层厚度、级配碎石基层厚度及土基模量等关键结构参数对路表回弹弯沉、沥青层层底拉应力2个柔性基层沥青路面性能指标的影响。研究表明:土基模量对于路表回弹弯沉的影响最为显著;当沥青层厚度在25 cm以内时,增加沥青层厚度可以减小沥青层底拉应力,延长沥青路面疲劳寿命。     

Dynamic response of warship structure under air non-contact explosion

The ship hull is simplified as a free beam with varying sections. Based on hydroelasticity and explosion mechanics theory,mechanical model and kinetic equation for hull girder vibration under non-contact explosion are established. The equation is solved by Wilson-θ algorithm. On the basis of the above principles,a structure kinetics analysis program is compiled. The dynamic response of supposed warship under air explosion is calculated conveniently and quickly. Under the explosion condition designed in the paper,the positive pressure period of non-contact explosion wave is much less than the natural periods of the first four modes of hull girder and the resonance of ship girder overall vibration can be avoided. The ratio of midship maximum moment to ultimate bearing strength under non-contact explosion accelerates with the increment of impact factor.     

考虑空间形状的覆盖型岩溶土洞降水致陷分析

为揭示覆盖型岩溶土洞降水致陷机理、洞体形状尺寸影响及极限平衡状态下内在规律,以常见直筒塌陷椭球土洞为研究对象,构建其降水致陷力学模型,依据玻义耳-马略特定律推导了土洞空腔负压计算公式,以此获得土洞塌落稳定系数表达式,并对比验证计算公式的可行性;进一步获得了极限平衡状态下土体物理力学参数、降水参数、土洞空间形状尺寸及覆土厚度之间内在关系式;基于算例开展了地下水降水参数与土洞形状尺寸参数影响、极限平衡状态下内在规律分析.研究结果表明：初始水位高于洞顶时,土洞塌落稳定系数与地下水降深展现“Z”字形规律变化,下降稳定水位降越拱顶瞬间极易引发土洞塌陷;初始水位处于洞体时,两者呈现前陡后缓的负相关变化规律,且洞内初始水位越高,降幅越大;初始水位低于洞底时,降深影响很小.椭球长短半轴之比对稳定系数影响符合增函数变化规律,截面离心率越大越稳定,而圆形球体则最不利;矢高和稳定系数呈线性关系,矢高增加成拱效应显著,土洞越稳定.极限平衡状态下,初始水位一定时,降深与覆盖层厚度正相关,呈现前缓后陡变化趋势,而覆盖层厚度一定时,降深与初始水位负相关;土洞水平截面离心率越大或矢高越大,达到极限平衡状态所需地下水降...     

曲轴动压滑动轴承非线性油膜力解析方法

基于分离变量法、Sturm-Liouville理论与下游Reynolds边界条件, 提出了一种求解曲轴动压滑动轴承非线性油膜力的解析方法; 将轴承不可压缩流体动压润滑Reynolds方程的压力分布表示为特解加通解的形式; 运用分离变量法, 将油膜压力分布的特解和通解分别表示为周向分离函数和轴向分离函数相加和相乘的形式; 为了便于求解, 对油膜压力特解的周向分离函数进行Sommerfeld变换, 通过连续性条件确定油膜的终止位置角; 由于油膜压力通解的周向分离函数没有直接解的形式, 通过油膜厚度的逼近函数将油膜压力通解的周向分离函数转化为Sturm-Liouville型方程, 根据边界条件求得本征值和本征函数系, 通过三角函数的无穷级数展开表示油膜压力通解的周向分离函数; 采用含本征值的双曲正切函数表示油膜压力通解的轴向分离函数; 在润滑油膜的完备区域, 对油膜压力分布的解析表达式进行积分, 求得曲轴轴承的非线性油膜力。分析结果表明: 采用解析方法计算的非线性油膜力与有限差分法的计算结果吻合较好, 偏心率较小时非线性油膜力仅相差约5%;当轴承偏心率由0.2增大到0.6时, 油膜终止位置角的最大值减小了13.5%;当量纲为1的速度扰动由0增大到0.03时, 油膜终止位置角变化了3.3%;当本征值的个数不小于20时, 量纲为1的径向、切向通解油膜力的变化较小, 取值分别保持在-2.8、4.6附近。由此可见: 采用解析方法能够准确求解曲轴动压滑动轴承的非线性油膜力; 轴承偏心率对油膜破裂的影响较大, 且偏心率较大时油膜易破裂; 相对于轴承偏心率而言, 速度扰动对油膜破裂的影响较小; 当本征值的个数不小于20时, 油膜压力通解的计算精度较高, 能够满足工程需要。      

道面摩阻不平衡对飞机着陆滑行参数影响

从运动学原理入手建立飞机着陆滑行力学模型, 引入道面摩阻不平衡度, 基于实测道面摩擦因数及其摩阻不平衡度分析飞机着陆减速和匀速滑行阶段的偏航角与偏航距离的变化趋势, 并设计模型试验分析湿滑道面摩阻不平衡下飞机着陆滑行参数变化规律。研究结果表明: 当跑道中心线两侧摩阻不平衡时, 机体产生绕竖轴扭矩, 导致飞机产生偏航角和偏航距离; 摩阻不平衡度的增大导致飞机偏航角与偏航距离增大, 摩阻不平衡度由0.03增加到0.38时, 偏航角增大4倍, 偏航距离增大1倍; 减小中心线两侧的摩阻不平衡度可以有效降低飞机偏出跑道概率; 滑移率对偏航角和偏航距离影响较小; 道面摩擦因数降低, 减速滑行距离增大, 基本呈线性变化; 随着跑道接地带摩阻不平衡度增大, 飞机所产生的偏航角呈直线增长, 当摩阻不平衡度达0.165时, 偏航角达1.2°; 随着跑道接地带摩阻不平衡度增大, 偏航距离也增大, 由于减速段所产生的偏航角, 加之匀速段滑行距离较长, 70%以上的偏航距离是在匀速阶段发生的; 湿滑道面下随着中心线两侧的水膜厚度差增大, 偏航角和偏航距离均增大, 水膜厚度差从0.05mm增加到2.50mm, 偏航角增大6倍, 偏航距离增大5倍。可见, 在接地带保证飞机主起落架两侧摩阻平衡, 有利于着陆减速过程飞机偏航角的控制。