Nonlinear control for autonomous underwater glider motion based on inverse system method

Autonomous underwater gliders are highly efficient, buoyancy-driven, winged autonomous underwater vehicles. Their dynamics are multivariable nonlinear systems. In addition, the gliders are underactuated and difficult to maneuver, and also dependent on their operational environment. To confront these problems and to design an effective controller, the inverse system method was used to decouple the original system into two independent single variable linear subsystems. The stability of the zero dynamics was analyzed, and an additional closed-loop controller for each linear subsystem was designed by sliding mode control method to form a type of composite controller. Simulation results demonstrate that the derived nonlinear controller is able to cope with the aforementioned problems simultaneously and satisfactorily.     

前馈多源信息下异构动力学卡车队列协同控制系统

针对目前卡车队列动力学异构性所导致的系统弦稳定性、内部稳定性以及队列耦合性降低的问题,提出了一种异构协同自适应巡航系统控制器设计方法,建立了基于前馈多源信息的异构动力学卡车队列闭环耦合系统;考虑由异构车型所构成的卡车队列存在发动机执行器的饱和态异构问题,建立了发动机饱和性和状态约束条件;在上层协同控制器的基础上,建立了一种非线性下层异构发动机扭矩输出控制模型,用于控制车辆动力学仿真软件TruckSim中的真实车辆模型;建立了基于三维燃油特性图的车辆能耗模型,用于计算实时车辆油耗和节能性分析;通过频域分析法,结合已知异构动力学参数量化标定了协同自适应巡航系统控制器的增益,确保系统满足弦稳定条件。分析结果表明：相比同构动力学控制器,异构协同自适应巡航系统控制器可以确保距离误差在-0.01～0.15 m内,优于同构控制器作用下的-0.3～0.5 m,且当领航车进入匀速行驶状态时,跟随车辆能立刻收敛至相同的行驶状态,收敛性能优于同构协同自适应巡航控制系统;卡车队列节油率最大可达8.15%,随着车头时距减小至0.5 s,平均节油率最大可达8.10%。由此可见,多源前馈信息异构控制系统能有效降低车...     

Simulation platform for the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane’s dynamic model and central pattern generator

A systematic method for swimming control of the underwater snake-like robot is still lacking. We construct a simulation platform of the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane＇s dynamic model and central pattern generator （CPG）. The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane＇s approach. Hydrodynamic coefficients are determined by experiments. Then, we design a CPG-based control architecture implemented as the system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. The CPG, like its biological counterpart, can produce coordinated patterns of rhythmic activity while being modulated by simple control parameters. The relations between the CPG parameters and the speed of the underwater snake-like robot swimming are investigated. Swimming in a straight line, turning, and switching between swimming modes are implemented in our simulation platform to prove the feasibility of the proposed simulation platform. The results show that the simulation platform can imitate different swimming modes of the underwater snake-like robot.     

航空公司动态价格竞争复杂性与延迟反馈控制

为深入研究航空公司动态价格竞争的复杂性及延迟反馈控制方法的有效性, 综合运用有限理性决策理论与非线性动力学理论,构建航空公司动态价格竞争博弈模 型,分析航空公司复杂的动力学行为,研究针对系统变量、系统参数的两类延迟反馈控制 方法的有效性与差异性.研究结果表明,航空公司价格调整速度对模型的复杂性有显著影 响;选取合适的控制因子,两类延迟反馈控制方法都能对陷入混沌的动态价格竞争模型 实施有效地混沌控制;两类延迟反馈控制方法在控制因子取值范围、收敛速度等方面存 有显著差异;控制因子取值对系统的收敛速度呈规律性影响趋势.     

基于Lipschitz观测器的新型离合器执行机构控制算法

在并联混动车辆中,为实现在系统反馈状态下,通过控制膜片弹簧离合器分离轴承位置对摩擦转矩高质量的伺服控制,同时避免对有噪声执行机构位置信号进行微分来获取速度,设计了基于状态观测器的新型位置控制算法,弥补了速度传感器的缺失.分析了膜片弹簧、波形弹簧及分离指弹性特性对分离轴承端载荷的影响,导出了执行机构非线性状态方程,以此设计前馈补偿器,同时将Lipschitz非线性状态观测理论用于观测执行机构位置、电机转速及分离轴承作用力.仿真结果初步验证了上述控制算法的可行性及观测器良好的鲁棒性,即:若观测器中蜗轮蜗杆效率与实际值存在偏差,对位置及转速的观测存在稳态误差,前者可忽略,后者不超过可接受的10 r/min;位置信号中噪声几乎完整地出现在对自身及作用力观测值中,但不影响转速;从动盘磨损后,对位置及转速观测效果较好,但对作用力的观测存在稳态误差,幅值不超过25 N.      

船用锅炉监控系统的模块化设计

着重对该系统的燃烧控制单元进行了模块化分析，特别为改善燃烧的动态特性，采用了独特的前馈反馈控制方式。所开发的监控界面，数据可实时采集、显示，经后续扩充亦可实现锅炉的仿真运行。     

Nonlinear pitch control of an underwater glider based on adaptive backstepping approach

Underwater gliders are highly efficient and long-ranged autonomous underwater vehicles. The typical dynamic modeling in the vertical plane is of multi-input multi-output(MIMO), which is underactuated while easily affected by the ambient environment. To resolve the problems of MIMO, the dynamic model is transformed into a single-input single-output(SISO) system with two dubious parameters, and an adaptive backstepping controller is designed and applied in this paper. A Lyapunov function has been established with the total energy of the system converged in the controller. Contrast result of simulation has demonstrated that the derived nonlinear controller has higher tracking precision and faster response than the proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control method,which indicates its excellent capability to deal with the controlling problems of underwater gliders.     

基于延迟反馈的高速公路匝道混沌控制研究

针对高速公路不确定性特点,提出延迟反馈控制和积分控制相结合的高速公路混沌控制方法.介绍了具有开关功能的高速公路匝道混沌控制原理;设计了将高速公路不稳定周期运动转化为周期运动作为控制目标,匝道调节率作为控制变量的混沌控制器.通过仿真试验分析了采用延迟反馈和ALINEA控制算法的控制效果.试验结果证明了该原理与方法的可行性与正确性.     

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城市交通系统是一个多变量、多反馈、非线性的复杂系统,它的可持续发展受交通、社会、经济、环境等多种因素的制约,而传统的交通预测模型难以模拟这样一个复杂系统的动力机制。为此,本文采用系统动力学方法,在系统结构分析和因果反馈分析的基础上建立了城市交通系统的SD (System Dynamics) 模型,包括人口、经济发展、机动车保有量、环境影响、交通需求、交通供给和交通拥挤七个子系统。以大连主城区为对象,选取影响机动化发展的政策干预因素为调控参数进行仿真,分析了不同的机动化发展政策对城市发展和城市交通系统的影响,并提出了相应的建议和对策。     

轨道随机不平顺下磁浮车辆非线性动力学特性

基于柔性轨道研究了随机不平顺下磁浮车辆的动力学特性, 在将轨道受力分解为分段链式结构的基础上, 提出了一种磁浮车辆垂向悬浮稳定性分析方法, 定义了不同悬浮力作用于各自悬浮点时柔性轨道的振动固有频率和模态矩阵; 建立了轨道分段链式结构的离散形式和轨道结构的运动方程, 采用虚拟激励法将轨道不平顺产生的随机激励转化为系统输入激励, 并将轨道随机高低不平顺作为振动激励源进行车轨振动控制; 在不同反馈控制参数下采用电压反馈双环PID控制器数值仿真车辆的悬浮状态, 并分析了轨道随机不平顺激励下反馈控制参数对磁浮系统稳定性的影响。研究结果表明: 当磁浮车辆速度为50~80 km·h-1, 位移反馈参数、速度反馈参数和电流反馈参数分别为140 000、50、500时, 车辆可以从起始间隙16 mm快速定位到平衡位置间隙9 mm, 在2.2 s时即可稳定悬浮, 系统的超调量和稳态误差分别为1.50和0.13 mm, 且系统振动频率趋近于0;当位移反馈参数、速度反馈参数和电流反馈参数分别为15 000、50、400时, 磁浮车辆在轨道随机不平顺作用下的悬浮稳定性变差, 系统在9 s左右逐渐趋于稳定, 但仍旧在平衡位置上下浮动, 且系统振动频率和振动幅值分别为7 Hz和0.5 mm; 当磁浮车辆的速度超出50~80 km·h-1时, 第1组反馈控制参数不再适用, 磁浮系统在1.7 s左右发散, 车辆失稳, 表明在不同车辆速度和反馈控制参数的作用下, 轨道随机不平顺能显著影响磁浮车辆的悬浮稳定性。      

RSOFCPN: CONTROL SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM DESIGN

IntroductionThe learning approaches of neural network canusually be distinguished into three classes:su-pervised learning,unsupervised learning and re-inforcement learning.The supervised learningscheme has the highest efficiency but requiresthe learning systems to provide with desired out-puts.Obviously,it is very difficultin many cas-es.Unsupervised learning methods constructin-ternal models at capture regularities in their in-puts without receiving any additional informa-tion.Therefore,its …     

基于相位补偿的电动助力转向系统控制方法

采用动力学与控制理论,研究了具有3个集中质量的电动助力转向系统的物理和数学模型,建立了总体结构图,在对外环特性进行分析的基础上,对总体结构图进行等效变换,根据系统要求对控制系统进行了设计,研究了控制对象的传递函数、控制系统的结构图、开环系统的Bode图、Nyquist图以及系统的稳定性,并进行了台架试验。研究发现控制系统的结构图可以表示为内、外两环结构,内环包含了反电动势的反馈通道,采用快速比例积分(PI)控制的内环,可以忽略反电动势,没有进行相位补偿的系统幅值裕度和相位裕度约为负值,稳定性较差,而进行相位补偿后系统的稳定性较好。结果表明在系统低频共振频率范围内采用超前校正,提供相位补偿是解决电动助力转向系统振动和稳定性的有效方法。     

BIFURCATIONS AND CHAOS CONTROL IN TCP-RED SYSTEM

Internet is heterogeneous in nature,and ex-tremely wide variations in parametric perturbationlead to a very rich world of dynamical behaviorsranging from s mooth,stable operation to rathercomplicated irregular patterns.In[1],the occur-rence of chaotic behavior in TCP has been reportedfor the first ti me.Since the seminal work of Mathisand Floyd[2-3],there have been increasing interestsin the dynamical characteristics of Internet.In theprevious work,TCP congestion control algorithmplus RED…     

Composite Feedforward Compensation for Force Ripple in Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors

This paper presents a method for compensating the force ripple in permanent magnet linear synchronous motors(PMLSMs) by adopting a composite feedforward compensation scheme. Firstly, the vector control system of PMLSMs is described, and various force disturbances influencing the electromagnetic thrust are analyzed. As a result, the mathematical model of the whole system considering the force ripple is established.Then, a novel composite feedforward compensation scheme is proposed, which consists of a recursive least squares(RLS) parameter identification component and two feedforward compensation loops corresponding to the reference position trajectory and the force ripple, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed composite feedforward compensation are demonstrated by simulation. The main incentive of this paper is the combination with the composite feedforward compensation loop corresponding to the reference position trajectory to improve the compensation effect of force ripple in PMLSMs.     

齿轮系统非线性动力学研究进展及展望

基于非线性系统的分析方法，综述了齿轮系统的非线性动力学研究概况，包括基于解析方法，数值方法，实验方法，以及考虑齿面摩擦和齿面故障的齿轮系统的非线性动力学研究。最后指出了若干可能的研究热点和方向，如带故障的齿轮系统非线性动力学行为研究，齿轮系统的振动控制研究，以及齿轮系统非线性动力学中的反问题研究等。     

Hierarchy-Based Adaptive Generalized Predictive Control for Aerial Grasping of a Quadrotor Manipulator

In this paper, an adaptive generalized predictive control(GPC) based on hierarchical control strategy is designed for a quadrotor with a robotic arm. For this nonlinear and coupled system, a two-layer control structure is adopted to achieve more precise trajectory tracking and keep the tracking performance after aerial grasping.The inner-layer controller is a proportional-derivative(PD) controller. The outer-layer subsystem is linearized by input-output linearization first and an adaptive generalized predictive controller is applied. The effectiveness of this approach is verified through the simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. A PD controller with feedforward control input is applied on such a system for a comparative study. Simulation results show that a better tracking performance can be achieved by the proposed strategy.     

Dynamic model of underwater snake-like robot using Kane’s method

In this paper, a dynamic model for an underwater snake-like robot is developed based on Kane＇s dynamic equations. This methodology allows construction of the dynamic model simply and incrementally. The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane＇s approach. The generalized active forces and the generalized inertia forces are deduced. The model developed in this paper includes inertia force, inertia moment, gravity, control torques, and three major hydrodynamic forces： added mass, profile drag and buoyancy. The equations of hydrodynamic forces are deduced. Kane＇s method provides a direct approach for incorporating external environmental forces into the model. The dynamic model developed in this paper is obtained in a closed form which is well suited for control purposes. It is also computationally efficient and has physical insight into what forces really influence the system dynamics. The simulation result shows that the proposed method is feasible.     

High-Accuracy Pneumatic Position Control by Applying Nonlinear Control and Arranging Transient Process

By applying a nonlinear control and arranging a transient process, the initiative error of the pneumatic servo positioning system is reduced largely, and a larger gain of the controller is used to improve the responding speed of the system at the same damping ratio. Therefore, a compromise is made among the responding speed, overshoot, robustness, adaptability and stability. In addition, a dynamic output feedback controller, including position velocity and acceleration (PVA) feedback, is designed to improve the performance of the system. And a nonlinear controller is reconstructed based on the linear output feedback controller to decrease noises and disturbances. The dynamic responses of the system are simulated and tested. Results show that the error is kept within 0.02 mm under different mass loads and the positioning transient process is smooth, without overshoot and speedy.     

基于差异时效的服务评价模型

针对KNN(k-nearest neighbor)方法在服务评价过程中存在的时效量化、评价窗口宽度以及反馈控制等问题,提出了具有差异时效的服务评价模型(WSEM-VTU).在WSEM-VTU中,采用系统动力学方法研究复杂时效量化方法,以获得差异时效量化结果;基于复杂时效量化方法得到的结果,自适应计算评价窗口宽度;根据评价统计特征,设计恶意评价反馈控制策略.通过实验,将WSEM-VTU与现有评价模型WSEM-E及WSEM-KNN进行比较,结果表明:WSEM-VTU的平均误差为0.877,比WSEM-E和WSEM-KNN分别降低了1.020和0.135;引入反馈控制策略后,WSEM-VTU出现恶意评价的情况平均降低67%.     

一种有效的水声信道盲均衡算法

针对超指数迭代判决反馈盲均衡（SEIDFE）算法在水声通信系统中表现出的收敛性差的问题,提出了一种稳健性好、收敛快的双模式超指数迭代判决反馈盲均衡算法.该算法对均衡器输出的实部和虚部分别进行非线性变换以修正误差控制信号,从而纠正载波相位旋转;在此基础上,将一种新的自适应变步长算法应用到前馈滤波器前向权值的迭代步长中,提高算法收敛速度;并采取判决误差切换准则,将上述改进算法与判决导引算法有机结合起来,提高算法稳健性和收敛性能.仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性.