液罐车液体侧向晃动多质量椭圆规摆模型

为深入研究液罐车整车侧向动力学行为, 探讨了椭圆形(圆形) 截面罐体等效机械液体侧向晃动模型; 基于计算流体动力学(CFD) 软件FLUENT, 评价了椭圆规摆(TP) 模型的预测精度, 分析了充液比、罐体截面椭圆率和激励频率对模型预测精度的影响; 提出了广义多质量TP模型, 通过合理分配液摆各部分质量及其间距来适应罐体截面椭圆率和充液比的变化; 基于Lagrange方法推导了广义多质量TP模型动力学方程, 给出了双质量TP (DMTP) 模型的质量比和质量间距参数的获取方法和拟合表达式, 并采用CFD方法评价了DMTP模型的预测精度。分析结果表明: 由TP模型得到的晃动力矩总体较CFD方法的小, 随着充液比和激励频率的增加, 预测误差变大, 充液比由30%增加到80%时, 峰值晃动力矩预测误差由15%增加到65%左右, 这主要是由于TP模型是在液体小初始倾斜角自由晃动条件下拟合所得, 当充液比和晃动频率较高时, 液摆的摆臂长度和参与晃动的液体质量都小于实际情况; DMTP模型在大部分充液比、罐体截面椭圆率和激励频率条件下都有相对稳定且较高的预测精度, 激励频率分别为0.2、0.3Hz时, DMTP模型的最大晃动力矩预测均方根误差均值和标准差分别比TP模型小54.2%、43.9%和45.1%、31.2%, 预测精度较TP模型有明显提高, 特别是能够较好地弥补TP模型在高充液比时预测误差较大的不足。      

晃荡冲击影响下的潜艇运动实用稳定性分析

液舱内自由液面的晃荡会影响船舶的稳定性。通过引入实用稳定性的概念,研究了在晃荡影响下的潜艇运动实用稳定性。利用计算流体力学软件对潜艇横摇过程中液舱的液面晃荡进行了模拟计算,根据仿真结果,分析了液舱晃荡对潜艇稳定性的影响,建立了液舱晃荡和潜艇横摇运动的耦合作用模型。通过数值仿真,验证了在液舱晃荡影响下的潜艇横摇运动系统的实用稳定性,从而证明了该方法的可行性。     

基于多物质ALE的列车水箱晃动三维模拟及箱壁动应力研究

列车中水箱晃动问题是典型的流固耦合非线性行为,同时也涉及到多相流之间的相互耦舍问题．基于多物质ALE（ArbitraryLagrange—Euler）方法建立了列车水箱晃动三维数值模型,数值模型求解采用考虑流固耦合负载平衡的区域分解并行计算技术,分析列车制动工况下水箱中水的大幅晃动及箱壁动态应力变化行为．分析结果表明,制动减速度超过0．8m／s2时水箱应力峰值呈非线性增大趋势;储水量增加,水箱最大应力相应增加;水箱中设置防波板,可明显降低水流对箱壁的冲击作用．     

Numerical study of wave loads on a caisson-pile-deck composite structure over permeability seabed

To get the accurate wave loads on wharf composite structure, the wave force on small-scale piles and the uplift force on lower surface of caisson must be considered. Based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, the pore media theory and the volume of fluid (VoF) method, a three-dimensional numerical model is established. The model has been developed to simulate wave interaction with a composite structure including caisson, piles and deck. The numerical results agree very well with the experimental data on total force. The spatial distributions of the non-dimensional wave height and the maximum of wave pressure on surface of composite structure are presented and discussed. The effects of relative caisson length, relative wave height and relative caisson height on horizontal wave force are given. The result indicates that the horizontal wave force achieves maximum value at the relative caisson length of 0.18 and increases linearly with the increase of the relative caisson and wave height. It is proved that the model is an accurate and efficient numerical tool to investigate different problems of wave-structure interaction.     

动水压力对连续刚构桥梁地震响应的影响

为了研究地震作用下深水薄壁空心桥墩内外域水体动水压力对连续刚构桥梁动力响应的影响,应用流固耦合有限元理论,考虑重力、纵向预应力和动水压力,建立了庙子坪岷江大桥连续刚构桥梁的计算模型,并采用实测的地震波进行计算.结果表明:动水压力对连续刚构桥梁自振频率和振型的影响不大,前30阶频率降低率最大值约为8％,箱梁各部分横向位移峰值增量在10％～20％之间,主墩内力峰值增量最大值约170％,箱梁内力峰值增量最大值约75％;地震加速度、桥墩入水深度是影响动水压力的重要因素.     

Dynamic response of warship structure under air non-contact explosion

The ship hull is simplified as a free beam with varying sections. Based on hydroelasticity and explosion mechanics theory,mechanical model and kinetic equation for hull girder vibration under non-contact explosion are established. The equation is solved by Wilson-θ algorithm. On the basis of the above principles,a structure kinetics analysis program is compiled. The dynamic response of supposed warship under air explosion is calculated conveniently and quickly. Under the explosion condition designed in the paper,the positive pressure period of non-contact explosion wave is much less than the natural periods of the first four modes of hull girder and the resonance of ship girder overall vibration can be avoided. The ratio of midship maximum moment to ultimate bearing strength under non-contact explosion accelerates with the increment of impact factor.     

高速列车隧道交会压力波特性

采用基于有限体积方法的计算流体力学软件, 建立了列车几何模型和非定常可压缩湍流的三维流动模型, 对高速列车隧道内等速和不等速交会的全过程进行了数值模拟。在软件的任意滑移界面动网格技术中嵌入了列车光滑启动方法, 研究了列车交会过程中隧道断面的压力波动、流速变化和压力波的形成过程。研究结果表明: 基于三维流动模型的计算结果能够清晰地展示高速列车隧道内交会时的压力场与速度场变化情况, 同一隧道横截面上各点的压力波动趋势与断面压力均值的波动趋势虽然一致, 但不同测点的压力差异较大, 最大可达53.5%;等速交会时隧道中央的交会压力变化幅值最大, 负压峰值达到约-7kPa; 不等速交会时高速列车车体正压峰值与负压峰值均随低速列车速度的减小而减小, 而低速列车比高速列车的正压峰值大约1.5kPa; 两列车鼻尖交会处的隧道断面压力波负压峰值与低速列车速度的二次方近似成正比。     

Periods and energy dissipations of a novel TLD rectangular tank with angle-adjustable baffles

A novel tuned liquid damper (TLD) rectangular tank with two angle-adjustable baffles was presented. The numerical analysis was performed using the commercial code FLUENT. The standard kinetic energy and dissipation rate turbulent model was employed, which was solved using volume of fluid (VOF) method able to treat both the free surface motion and the viscous stresses over the rigid walls accurately. The relationship between the natural periods of water and the angles of its baffles was studied by numerical sim- ulating of a case, and the changes of energy dissipations were investigated. The natural periods and dampers of the novel TLD can be changed in a wide range by adjusting the baffles' angle, thus it is more effective in controlling the vibration of structures in a wide frequency range.     

波浪激励下红土镍矿运输船舶倾覆机理

选取具有典型流态化货物特征的红土镍矿、高岭土与红砂土进行了临界含水率和流态化试验, 测定了其临界含水率; 利用激励横摇装置开展了不同激励幅值与频率的激励横摇运动试验, 对比了3种不同货物在不同含水率下倾覆力和力矩的时历特性; 设计了倾覆机理试验, 选择临界含水率红土镍矿作为试验样本, 在波浪水槽中造波激励舱段横摇运动, 再现了红土镍矿运输船舶的倾覆过程, 利用高速摄像机记录了自由液面变化情况, 通过图像处理技术对自由液面进行分割, 根据自由液面情况分析了红土镍矿运输船舶倾覆过程中舱段的浮心和重心变化。试验结果表明: 红土镍矿、红砂土、高岭土的临界含水率分别为33.6%、22.0%、39.4%;对于具有不同性质的土, 在相同激励条件下, 晃荡力与力矩呈现出不同的性质; 当相位差为90°与270°时, 不对称力矩较相位差为0°与180°时增大4.37倍; 红土镍矿运输船舶倾覆主要原因为流态化货物晃荡导致横摇力矩增大、动稳性降低而发生倾覆, 同时, 晃荡力矩与货物性质、激励周期、黏性、激励幅值等多种因素有关。      

Experimental study on the liquid slug of cryogenic slug flow in inclined tubes

An experimental study was carried out to understand the phenomena of the boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in inclined tubes with closed bottom by using a high speed motion analyzer.The experimental tubes are 0.018 and 0.014 m inner diameter(ID) and 1.0 m in length.The range of the inclination angle is 45°-90° from the horizontal.The experimental observation on the liquid slug was carried out along the tubes.Statistical method was employed to analyze the experimental data.The experiment analyzed the influences of the inclination angle and the tube diameter on the liquid slug length and velocity.The results show the liquid slug propagation velocity increases with the decrease of inclination angle θ.For all cases,the maximum values of the mean liquid slug lengths were obtained at θ = 60°.The mean liquid slug lengths were greater for large tube at higher tube position.These conclusions provide a basis for further study liquid slug of cryogenic two-phase undeveloped slug flow.     

液压对柱板电极下绝缘油纸沿面放电的影响

探明油纸绝缘在不同液压条件下的放电特性,既可以完善油纸绝缘设备的运检策略,也可以为油纸绝缘设备小型轻量化提供参考. 为此,在自行设计的密闭无局放容器中,对柱板油纸绝缘模型进行不同液压条件下（0.01 ~ 0.60 MPa）的沿面放电试验. 测量了不同液压下油纸绝缘柱板沿面放电发展过程中的放电表征参量,记录了从起始放电到击穿过程中的多个局部放电参数,拍摄了放电过程中白斑和气体现象;根据前人的研究结果,结合不同液压下气体的溶解和压缩规律,推导出了压强增加对油纸绝缘中的气体缺陷具有抑制效应;通过不同液压下放电过程中的白斑和气泡现象,对推导结果进行了验证. 试验和推导结果共同表明:沿面放电的起始放电电压和击穿电压均随压强的上升而增加;在同一电压等级下,最大放电量、平均放电量、放电重复率和放电功率均随压强的上升而减小.      

Experimental Study on Volume Change Indices of Bentonite Soils

Introduction Bentonites are used as barrier and backfillingmaterials in many countries for storing the high leveltoxic wastes[1-4]. The clays have several advantageousproperties with regard to the hydro-mechanical re-quirements; for exmple, low permeability, highswelling capability and good thermal conductivity aresome of the features. Determination of swelling prop-erties of bentonites is important and has been carriedout by many researchers[5,6]The volume change behavior of bentonites ispri…     

类梯形山体的地震动力响应分析

为探讨地震作用对山体动力响应的影响,建立了双坡面为曲面的类梯形山体的剪切梁模型,给出了响应的理论解和梯形山体第1阶固有频率的简化表达式;计算获得了不同形状山体的最大相对位移、最大相对速度和最大绝对加速度,并将计算结果与有限元分析结果进行了比较.结果表明:梯形山体模型求解山体动力响应简单,而类梯形山体模型则能获得更精确的结果;山体动力响应在水平地震作用产生弯矩较小的情况下,理论解与有限元解接近;随泊松比增大,山体的第1阶固有频率略有增大;梯形和类梯形山体的最大相对位移、最大相对速度从底部到顶部逐渐增大,而最大绝对加速度则在山体约2/5高度处出现极小值.      

城市轨道交通列车车外噪声特性

基于统计能量分析(SEA)和半无限流体方法,建立6节编组的B型列车车外噪声预测仿真模型;通过试验提取车体SEA模型的振动激励和轮轨噪声激励,施加给车体并计算分析了车外噪声特性;以中国某城市轨道交通列车通过噪声试验对模型进行验证,并探讨了列车各板单元和轮轨噪声声源对车外场点声压的贡献量.研究结果表明:统计能量分析和半无限...     

天然气流量信息融合及聚类控制系统

根据天然气流量数学模型,提出了天然气流量信息融合聚类结构,通过ART 2网络和BP网络对影响流量的差压、压力及温度传感器数据进行融合和输出空间聚类分析,制定了在输出流量变化时保持输出压力稳定的聚类控制策略.该系统已用于四川省广元市天然气远程监测调度系统.实测结果表明该系统的天然气流量变化范围在5%～95%时,压力波动不超过±10%.     

Development and Theoretic Validation of Model of Drum Level Sloshing

In order to develop a feasible model of drum level sloshing, the mechanism of drum level sloshing was analyzed, and the model of drum level sloshing was developed on the Easy5 software flat. The thermodynamic property of the model was validated by using the reference model, which was set up by using the method of lump parameter. The results indicate that the model can precisely reflect the phenomena of thermodynamic property inside drum, and the numeric error is within 1%. And the hydraulic property of the model was validated by the analytical theory of liquid sloshing, and the results indicate that the hydraulic property inside drum can also be correctly reflected by the model, and the sloshing period error is within 5%. The important work was done for exploring modeling for drum level sloshing, research of drum level sloshing and precision controlling of drum level.     

压实度对煤矸石路基应力及沉降的影响

利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立路基应力和沉降模型,通过调查选取路基材料参数,并选择不同的填筑高度和压实度输入应力和沉降模型中,得出不同压实度时路基最大竖向压应力、竖向剪应力和水平剪应力,以及煤矸石路基中心及边缘的沉降量,分析压实度对煤矸石路基应力和沉降影响并得出合理的煤矸石路基压实度建议。     

天然软土地基填筑路堤破坏模式分析及极限高度确定

通过对中山市某公路软土路基试验段中的天然软土地基填筑试验,研究其填筑过程的破坏模式及破坏机理,分析路基填筑破坏与路基填筑高度关系,确定天然路基状态下的极限填筑高度,研究填筑速率控制标准,可用于指导工程设计和施工。     

Properties and electronic structure of iron under pressure up to 30GPa

The properties and electronic structure of Fe under pressures of 0–30GPa have been studied by first principles employing the density functional theory (DFT), the ultra-soft pseudo-potentials (USPP) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculating results show that there is a structural transition from magnetic body-centered cubic (bcc) to nonmagnetic hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure for Fe around 11GPa pressure. There is a pseudogap both in the density of states (DOS) for bcc and hcp Fe. The pseudogap of bcc Fe is deeper and wider than that of hcp Fe. The elastic modulus is obtained by Voigt-Reuss-Hill averaging scheme. The results indicate that the elastic properties of bcc Fe enhance with pressure except for elastic stiffness constant C ₁₁, shear modulus G and elastic modulus E at the transition pressure, while the elastic properties of hcp Fe increase linearly with pressure. Magnetic bcc Fe is ductile, and hcp Fe becomes ductile from brittle around 25GPa.     

钢管混凝土模型拱动力特性分析

通过振动台试验，获得了钢管混凝土模型拱结构的自振频率．利用结构分析软件SAP2000，采用三维梁单元，视钢管混凝土为组合材料，对结构动力特性进行了有限元计算，获得了结构的频率和振型，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好．为了扩大研究的范围，进一步分析了模型拱在不同条件下的动力特性．通过改变拱肋的刚度、横撑数目以及支撑条件，研究了结构频率和振型的变化，分析了影响钢管混凝土拱结构动力特性的因素．结果表明，加强横撑有利于提高结构的横向自振频率，拱肋刚度对结构自振频率影响不大．