电子设备和系统射频通道高功率微波电磁脉冲场—路综合防护方法综述

高功率微波电磁脉冲辐射可以通过多种耦合途径进入敏感电子设备和系统,导致严重的干扰、扰乱甚至损坏,特别是通过天线耦合进入射频通道的电磁脉冲会破坏敏感器件。给出几种针对天线耦合的空间电磁脉冲场防护以及电路中敏感器件的电磁脉冲路防护新方法,探讨敏感系统的电磁脉冲场—路综合防护设计方法。利用专门设计的防护表面和防护模块,分别在天线前端对空间的电磁脉冲场和天线后端电路中的电磁脉冲电压或电流进行抑制,保护电路中的敏感模块免遭损坏,增加的场—路综合防护对工作信号的衰减控制在允许的范围之内。通过原理样件的测试表明,防护方法对带内和带外的高功率微波电磁脉冲具有良好的防护效果。     

通信设备天线端口电磁脉冲防护技术研究

天线是通信装备最重要的组成部分之一,是接收和发射电磁波信号的＂门户＂,文章研究了短波通信设备天线在强电磁脉冲辐射下的实验方法和耦合效应,并验证了射频前端电磁脉冲防护模块的重要性,提出了天线端口电磁脉冲防护的措施。     

短波通信设备端口电磁脉冲防护方法研究

针对传统的短波通信设备端口电磁脉冲防护方法防护效果差的问题,本文对短波通信设备端口电磁脉冲防护方法进行设计。在分析电磁脉冲原理的基础上,采用换算公式,得到驻波比、反射系数与回波损耗系数间的换算,通过改变阻抗改变功率传输,对短波通信设备端口进行基础保护。并按照磁偶极子天线作近似分析对电磁脉冲的破坏机理进行分析,在此基础上,对短波通信设备端口进行多级防护,以此完成对短波通信设备端口的防护。同时,为了保证此次设计方法的有效性,设置实验环境,进行实验对比。实验对比结果表明,此次设计的对短波通信设备端口进行多级防护方法比传统的防护方法防护效果好,具有一定的实际应用意义。     

某型舰载机碳纤维复合材料电源机箱及其核电磁脉冲防护性能

[目的]针对某型舰载机电源机箱减重和核电磁脉冲(HEMP)防护的设计需求,采用基于碳纤维复合材料化的机箱结构设计,并利用热压罐成型工艺制备复合材料电源机箱.[方法]利用CST仿真软件进行机箱复合材料的防护性能仿真和设计评估;选择镀镍碳纤维和延展金属网作为电磁增强材料,同时配合层间电磁增强和缝隙、搭接等部位的电连接设计;...     

舰艇水幕对电磁脉冲武器的防护

电磁脉冲武器由于独特的作用机理和作战效能，开始在实战中出现，如何对电子设备进行电磁防护，也就成了现代战争的一个再要课题：海水对电磁波具有很强的衰减作用，同时具备成本低、使用方便、防护效能高的特点，讨论水面舰艇水幕系统对电磁脉冲武器的防护问题.     

CS116试验项目与设备电磁脉冲防护

对电磁脉冲(EMP)对电子电气设备的危害进行了分析,统计了CS116项目发现的问题和容易出现敏感现象的频点,根据实践与理论知识总结了设备电磁脉冲防护的有效方法.     

能量—频率选择表面级联复合设计与仿真

针对空间场强电磁防护中带外滤波—带内限幅的需求,研究了能量—频率选择表面级联复合的防护方法,设计出一种典型的防护结构,通过时域有限差分对防护结构进行了稳态和瞬态分析,尤其是不同情况下频率选择表面与能量选择表面的相互耦合。计算结果表明:该防护结构对通带内正常信号的传输衰减小于1.55dB,强电磁脉冲传输衰减大于20dB,因而其既能阻止强电磁脉冲进入系统,又可有效抑制带外电磁干扰。     

舰艇在电磁脉冲武器打击下的生命力评估

电磁脉冲武器对舰艇产生严重威胁，舰艇在电磁脉冲武器打击下的生命力与电磁脉冲武器自身的性能，载体打击精度，到达目标的功率密度，波束对目标的照射面积及舰艇自身的防护措施有关。     

基于压控导电结构的能量选择表面防护机理和仿真实验研究

为解决强电磁脉冲防护中屏蔽与正常信号收发之间的矛盾,研究了一种既能隔离强电磁脉冲,又能保证被保护设备信号正常收发的能量选择表面(ESS)。基于可变表面阻抗理论研究ESS的防护机理;根据强电磁效应改变二极管的阻抗特性和实现能量选择的特点,设计了一种正反并联的二极管对阵列组成的可防护线极化强电磁脉冲的ESS,并进行仿真和实验分析。结果表明:所设计的ESS对弱电磁信号的插入损耗小于2 dB,对强电磁信号的隔离度大于20 dB,实现了能量低通的选择特性。     

屏蔽电缆的电磁脉冲时域耦合特性研究

屏蔽电缆对电磁脉冲辐射场的耦合特性对电子设备、系统的电磁干扰控制和电磁脉冲防护具有重要意义。研究屏蔽电缆的双传输线模型分析方法,计算不同频段电磁脉冲辐射场激励下,两种典型的屏蔽电缆在屏蔽层两端不同接地状态时,屏蔽层和芯线上的感应电流。编织屏蔽电缆芯线上的感应电流比管状屏蔽电缆大几个数量级;由于集肤效应的影响,管状屏蔽电缆芯线上的耦合随着频率的升高而降低;编织屏蔽电缆由于编织电感和小孔电感的影响,芯线上的耦合随着频率的升高而升高。对于高灵敏的高频、微波系统,对电磁脉冲的防护时要选用管状屏蔽电缆。     

船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统

在船舶制造中,技术成熟度的评估意识薄弱且缺少信息化手段。通过确定评估指标、设定权重,建立船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统,由系统计算成熟度的得分和等级,从总体设计、建造工艺、船厂建造资源能力、船舶研制定型后等方面进行评估。该系统可减少返工带来的时间成本、人力成本,提高船舶制造技术成熟度评估的科学性、准确性、可靠性、灵活性及效率。     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

A Review of Whale-Watching and Whaling with Applications for the Caribbean

Whale-watching is a significant and growing tourism industry worldwide. Whaling has a long history and, although largely curtailed today, still occurs in a few countries around the world and in the Caribbean. Whaling has been labeled an incompatible activity with whale-watching because, in some cases, it reduces the number of whales available for use and changes whale behavior. Moreover, in some situations, whale-watching generates greater revenue than whaling, and whaling may detrimentally affect the larger tourism industry because of negative attitudes toward whaling by whale-watchers, other tourists, and host communities. This article examines the potential impacts of whaling on the whale-watching and tourism industries, and places these impacts in the Caribbean context. In doing so, the article outlines the history and current status of whale-watching in the Caribbean, outlines other potential constraints, and highlights the need for research about the impacts and roles of these industries. In the highly competitive global tourism industry, maintaining and nurturing a country's tourism image is critically important.     

面向复杂装备AR辅助维修的混合跟踪技术研究

装备维修是生产制造、作业运转的基础,特别是在船舶、航空等领域。由于在维修过程中装备结构复杂、维修人员经验技术不足和缺少直观维修手段导致容易导致维修效率低下和操作出错。因此,通过研究基于增强现实的装备维修方案,直观交互地进行维修作业,能够有效地提升维修的质量和效率。由于装备体型较大,结构复杂,给跟踪定位带来了新的困难,针对实际的工程需求,创新性地将主流方法进行结合,提出了多Marker和ORB-SLAM混合跟踪的方法。通过二次调整多Marker定位结果的动态权值,提高局部定位维修的精度和可靠性。分析比较现有的特征点算法,选择ORB-SLAM作为方案,实现全局的定位和导航,对维修过程给以指导,并设计开发装备诱导维修系统,为大型复杂设备地维修提供了通用解决方案。     

Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems

The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships.     

中国古代造船业对世界的贡献与影响(连载一)

中国的独木舟出现可能与西方同期，风帆出现比埃及晚，但是一经问世，技术上先进程度却是惊人的，特别是公元前后到十五世纪，许多发明创造更是举世瞩目。这些发明和创造，不但丰富和发展了自己，而且使世界各国受益非浅，极大地促进了世界造船业发展与航海贸易进行，其贡献是辉宏的。通过以船型、水密舱壁、明轮推进、船舵与使帆技术、船体建造及其工艺、导航技术、造船理论、船舶检验与管理、水战兵器、郑和下西洋意义等十个方面进行介绍，它充分证明了中华民族有着光辉灿烂的文化，中国人民，是勤劳智慧的人民。在增加民族自豪感同时，也激励我们继往开来，与时俱进，勇往直前。     

多因素数学模型在温州瓯江口浅滩围涂工程研究中的应用

建立了波浪、潮流、盐度、悬沙、底床冲淤等多种因素数学模型,在模型验证的基础上,对瓯江口温州浅滩围涂工程海区的波浪场、潮流场、盐度场、悬沙场、底床冲淤场进行了数值模拟研究,对温州浅滩围涂工程对瓯江泄洪、瓯江南北口分流比、乐清湾养殖业、瓯江口港口航道及状元岙深水区、南口口外滩地的影响进行了分析论证。分析研究结果表明,温州浅滩围涂工程是可行的。     

澜沧江-湄公河航道哈乐滩碍航特性及整治措施

澜沧江-湄公河航道上哈乐滩具有弯、浅、险、窄、急等特点。根据现场调查资料,结合数学模型计算结果,分析了哈乐滩成滩原因及碍航特性。哈乐滩右岸楠罗河山洪冲出的石块及大卵石堆积在溪口形成冲洪积扇,近年来冲积扇发育,进一步侵占河床泄水断面,同时岸线凹凸不平,导致滩险上段水流弯曲,中段坡陡流急,船舶枯水上滩困难。针对哈乐滩滩险成因及碍航特点,提出炸礁和修筑整治建筑物结合的措施,解决滩险碍航问题。     

防波堤及护岸越浪研究综述

近年来防波堤越浪方面的相关研究,分别在越浪影响因素、越浪量计算公式推导论证、越浪数值模拟与越浪量标准4个方面进行归纳总结.已有成果表明:1)越浪影响因素的研究多是集中于常规因素,包括波高周期,堤顶高程,坡肩宽度,护面块体,而对水流、风速、波浪谱以及水的性质等其他因素研究相对较少;2)越浪量计算公式研究中主要集中在影响越...